Katwa
Katwa is a sub-divisional town and railway junction in Purba Bardhaman district of the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Katwa subdivision. The town was built at the confluence of Ganga and Ajay. Katwa is a border city of three districts; Purba Bardhaman District, Nadia District and Murshidabad District.
Katwa | |
|---|---|
Town | |
Katwa Location in West Bengal, India Katwa Katwa (India) | |
| Coordinates: 23°39′N 88°08′E / 23.65°N 88.13°E | |
| Country | India |
| State | West Bengal |
| District | Purba Bardhaman |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipality |
| • Body | Katwa Municipality |
| • Chairman | Samir Kumar Saha |
| • Vice Chairman | Lakhindar Mandal |
| • MP | Sunil Mondal |
| • MLA | Rabindranath Chatterjee |
| Area | |
| • Total | 7.93 km2 (3.06 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 21 m (69 ft) |
| Population (2011)[1] | |
| • Total | 81,615 |
| • Density | 10,000/km2 (27,000/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Bengali, English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 713130 |
| Telephone code | +91 3453 |
| Vehicle registration | WB 75 |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Bardhaman Purba |
| Vidhan Sabha constituency | Katwa |
| Website | purbabardhaman |
Geography edit
M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical place/ religious and/ or cultural centre, C: craft centre.
Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
Location edit
Katwa is located at 23°39′N 88°08′E / 23.65°N 88.13°E. It has an average elevation of 21 m (69 ft). It is situated between the Ajay River and the Hooghly River and so is bounded by water to the east, west, and north.
Police station edit
Katwa police station has jurisdiction over Katwa and Dainhat municipalities, and Katwa I and Katwa II CD Blocks. The area covered is 351.03 km2.[2][3]
Urbanisation edit
88.44% of the population of the Katwa subdivision live in rural areas. Only 11.56% of the population live in the urban areas.[4] The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked on the map are linked in the larger full-screen map.
History edit
Katwa (Skt. Kātādvīpa) has been proposed as the "Katadupa" mentioned by Pliny the Elder (circa 24-74 CE), marking it as the city by which flows the River Amystis, taken to imply the Ajay River.[5]
The small town has a historical background of five hundred years. The earliest name of Katwa was Indranee Pargana. Later the name was changed to Kantak Nagari. In January 1510, Sri Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu received "Diksha" from his guru Kesava Bharati at the site of the current Sri Gauranga Bari Temple in Katwa.[6][7] Since then, this small township has been a sacred place for Vaishnavites.
The location of the town at the confluence of two navigable rivers, Ajay and Bhagirathi, made the town strategically important. Katwa was considered the gateway to Murshidabad, the erstwhile capital of the subah of Bengal.[8] Nawab Murshid Quli Khan, Nawab of Bengal, first established a chowki at Katwa during his reign (1717-1727).[8] Between 1742 and 1751, Katwa was invaded by the Bargis (break-away Maratha groups) several times, as part of the Maratha invasions of Bengal.[9][10] It was the site of the First Battle of Katwa (1742) and the Second Battle of Katwa (1745), with Nawab Alivardi Khan of Bengal defeating the Marathas both times. In the Battle of Plassey (1757), on 19 June 1757, Katwa was the last Nawabi garrison conquered by British forces before heading to Plassey. Robert Clive held a council of war in Katwa on 21 June 1757, where the decision was taken to cross the Hooghly River to Plassey.[9][11] On 19 July 1763, Katwa was once again the scene of action during the Third Battle of Katwa, where British troops fought and defeated a contingent of troops loyal to Nawab Mir Qasim.[11]
Under the aegis of the British East India Company, Katwa became an urban settlement, encouraged by the presence of missionaries such as William Carey Jr., the son of William Carey.[12][13] By the 1800s, Katwa had become a thriving trading town with the principal economic activity being the riverine trade in salt.[14] The modern town of Katwa was established in 1850 when it was granted the status of a subdivisional town under the 10th Act of Municipal Rules.[14] The Municipality of Katwa as a governing entity was established on 1 April 1869.[15] The urbanization of Katwa received a further boost with the construction of railroads in the early 20th century: Katwa-Azimganj (constructed in 1903), Katwa-Bandel (1912), Katwa-Bardhaman (1915), Katwa-Ahmedpur (1917).
Demographics edit
As per the 2011 Census of India, Katwa had a total population of 81,615, of which 41,350 (51%) were males and 40,265 (49%) were females. The population below 6 years was 6,799. The total number of literates in Katwa was 65,187 (79.87% of the population over 6 years).[16]
In 2011, the population breakdown by religion was: Hindus (66,899), Muslims (14,488), Sikhs (50), Christians (44), Buddhists (9), Jains (4), and Unspecified/Not Stated (121).[17]
Katwa has a total area of 8.53 km2 with a population density of 9,681/km2.[18] A steady flow of refugees from East Pakistan increased the population of the area in the fifties.[19]
Economy edit
The economy of Katwa is based on agriculture and agro-related trades. The fertile soil of the surrounding areas is enriched by the alluvium from the Hooghly, Ajay and Damodar rivers.[20] The major crops farmed in the countryside surrounding Katwa include rice, jute, mustard, sugarcane,tea, coffee and various tropical vegetables.[21] Katwa is an essential center for marketing the region's agricultural products and for providing retail and consumer services to the surrounding population.[14] Industries are limited to cottage industries and small-scale agro-related industries, e.g. rice mills, jute products, etc.
Within the urban area, as of 2011, 0.81% of workers are employed in the primary (agricultural) sector, 5.96% of workers are employed in the secondary (manufacturing) sector, and 93.70% of workers are employed in the tertiary (services) sector.[8]
The Katwa Super Thermal Power Station is a super critical (660MW x2) 1320 MW coal-fired power plant currently in planning stage by NTPC at Srikhanda Village, 8 km from Katwa.[22]
Tourism edit
Areas of tourism interest in the town include:
- Sri Gauranga Bari Temple: where Sri Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu received "Diksha" from his guru Kesava Bharati.[23][24]
- Madhaitala Ashram: the ashram was visited by Jagai and Madhai, two famous disciples of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, and remains a center of Gaudiya Vaishnav culture.[23][24]
- Shah Alam's Dargah: a building of archaeological interest built in the early-18th century by Nawab Murshid Quli Khan, Nawab of Bengal.[24]
Human resources edit
Education edit
Higher education edit
- Katwa College[25]
- Bengal Institute of Technology, Katwa[26]
- Katwa Government Primary Teachers’ Training Institute[27]
Library edit
- Katwa Sub-Divisional Library[28]
Public health edit
Katwa Sub-Divisional Hospital is a 250-bed public facility providing secondary healthcare to Katwa sub-divisional area.[29] There are a number of private nursing centers that serve the town, as well.[14]
Anandaniketan Society for Mental Health Care is a not-for-profit organization situated five kilometers outside of Katwa, providing residential care to 350 children, adolescents, and adults who have physical, mental, and/or intellectual disabilities.[30]
Public safety edit
Purba Bardhaman District Police's Katwa Police Station has jurisdiction over Katwa and Dainhat municipality areas and Katwa I and Katwa II CD Blocks. The area covered is 351.03 km2.[31][32]
Culture edit
The dominant culture of Katwa is identical to that of most of West Bengal and is deeply influenced by Hindu Bengali culture. Some of the popular festivals in Katwa include:
- Poyla Boishakh or Bengali New Year (14/15 April)
- Rath Yatra (July)
- Mahalaya (September/October)
- Durga Puja (September/October)
- Lakshmi Puja (October)
- Kali Puja (October/November) and Deepawali
- Kartik Larai (November)
- Saraswati Puja (February/March)
- Dol Purnima or Dol Yatra (February/March)
- Gaura-purnima, the birthday of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (February/March)
- Muharram
Kartik Larai edit
Katwa and its surrounding areas are especially well known for their raucous Kartik Puja, colloquially known as Kartik Larai (Larai means "battle" in Bengali).[33][34] The object of worship is the boy-faced deity, Kartik in reference to the youth of the deity. In the greater Katwa area, over 250 separate organizations organize pujas and unofficially compete with each other over the sophistication of the theme or the sculpture of the deity.[33][35] After the day of the puja, the deities are paraded in carnival throughout town on their way to be ritually submerged in the nearby Hooghly River. The processions usually feature loud music and dancing, leading to a town-wide, festival-like ambiance (jovially named ladai or battle) enjoyed by all participants and spectators.[33]
Transportation edit
Highway edit
Katwa is served by WB State Highway 6,also known as STKK Road, connecting Katwa to Suri, Birbhum in north and Nabadwip, Kalna City, Bansberia and Grand Trunk Road in south, and WB State Highway 14 connecting Katwa to Balgona, Bardhaman, Guskara, National Highway 19(previously known as National Highway 2) in the west and Palashi in the east. The closest bridge crossing over the Hooghly River is at Gouranga Setu at Nabadwip-Mayapur (41 km away).South Bengal State Transport Corporation(SBSTC),North Bengal State Transport Corporation(NBSTC) and private operators operate buses from Asansol, Baharampur, Bolpur, Esplanade, Krishnanagar, Ranaghat, Kalyani, Malda, Raiganj and Siliguri. Katwa is well connected by bus with numerous places all around. Most of the buses arrive and leave from Katwa bus stand.
Railway edit
Katwa Junction is a railway junction on 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge railway line from Howrah railway station to New Jalpaiguri railway station via Azimganj Junction railway station. Although Katwa is a railway junction, the number of trains running through this station is less.
The Bardhaman-Katwa line, after conversion from narrow gauge to electrified broad gauge, was opened to the public on 12 January 2018.[36]
The Ahmedpur-Katwa Railway line has been converted from narrow gauge to broad gauge which provides access to Rampurhat Junction railway station.[37]
Waterway edit
Katwa is the site of a floating terminal on National Waterway 1 consisting of a pontoon placed on the waterfront with a berth of 30 m (98 ft).
Government and politics edit
The town of Katwa is divided into twenty (20) administrative wards.[38] Each ward elects a councilor to the governing body, Katwa Municipality.[39] Municipal elections are held every five (5) years, with the most recent election held in 2022.[40]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b "Katwa City".
- ^ "District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bardhaman". Tables 2.1, 2.2. Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
- ^ . Police Station. West Bengal Police. Archived from the original on 27 September 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
- ^ "District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bardhaman". Table 2.2. Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
- ^ Dasgupta, Biplab (2005). European Trade and Colonial Conquest. Anthem Press. pp. 338–339. ISBN 978-1-84331-029-7.
- ^ "Kesava Bharati offered the sannyasa order to Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu in the year 1432 sakabda (A.D. 1510) in Katwa - Vaniquotes". vaniquotes.org. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
- ^ "Sri Gauranga Bari Temple at Katwa – Where Lord Caitanya took sannyasa". www.iskcondesiretree.com. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
- ^ a b c Roy, Tuhin. "Unacknowledged Urbanisation and Dynamics of Urban Mobility: An Experience of Katwa Town, District: Burdwan, West Bengal, India" (PDF). Quest: Multidisciplinary Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. 3: 5.
- ^ a b Sengupta, Nitish (2011). Land of Two Rivers. Penguin Books. pp. 158–162, 170. ISBN 9780143416784.
- ^ . Señor Bonerjea. 10 September 2015. Archived from the original on 19 August 2016. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
- ^ a b Malleson, George Bruce (1885). The Decisive Battles of India, from 1746 to 1849 Inclusive. Allen. p. 52.
Mir Qasim battle katwa.
- ^ "William Robinson". jbrannan.pagesperso-orange.fr. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
- ^ Andrews, C. F. (Charles Freer) (c. 1932). What I owe to Christ [microform]. Internet Archive. New York, Cincinnati [etc.] : The Abingdon press.
'Religion flourishes at Katwa more than at any other station in the Mission.' (p. 277)
- ^ a b c d Roy, Tuhin. "Unacknowledged Urbanisation and Dynamics of Urban Mobility: An Experience of Katwa Town, District: Burdwan, West Bengal, India" (PDF). Quest: Multidisciplinary Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. 3: 13–14.
- ^ Peterson, J.C.K. (1997). "Bengal District Gazetteers - Burdwan" (PDF). Government of West Bengal: 218.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "2011 Census - Primary Census Abstract Data Tables". West Bengal – District-wise. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
- ^ "Census of India 2011. C-01 Population By Religious Community (India & States/UTs/District/Sub-Distt/Town Level)". Retrieved 22 January 2017.
- ^ Population data on urban units of Bardhaman
- ^ Chattopadhyay, Akkori, Bardhaman Jelar Itihas O Lok Sanskriti (History and folklore of Bardhaman District.), (in Bengali), Vol I, p57, Radical Impression. ISBN 81-85459-36-3
- ^ "Geography : Burdwan District". bardhaman.nic.in. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
- ^ "Business and Economy of Bardhaman, Industries in Bardhaman". www.bardhamanonline.in. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
- ^ Majumdar, Arkamoy Dutta (12 April 2017). "NTPC puts Katwa power project on hold". livemint.com/. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
- ^ a b . IndiaTravelCompanion.com. Archived from the original on 11 February 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
- ^ a b c "Tourism : Burdwan District". bardhaman.nic.in. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
- ^ "::Welcome To The Official Website Of Katwa College::". katwacollege.ac.in. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
- ^ "Bengal Institute of Technology - Katwa,Burdwan | University | India | eListing.in". eListing.in. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
- ^ . katwagovtptti.org. Archived from the original on 10 February 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
- ^ . www.wbpublibnet.gov.in. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
- ^ "Welcome to WB HEALTH Portal". www.wbhealth.gov.in. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
- ^ . www.equalhealth.org.au. Archived from the original on 10 February 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
- ^ . Table 2.1. Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
- ^ . Police Station. West Bengal Police. Archived from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
- ^ a b c . Sangbad Pratidin (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 20 February 2018. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
- ^ "আলোয় সেজেছে রাস্তা, কার্তিক পুজোকে ঘিরে জমজমাট কাটোয়া– News18 Bengali". bengali.news18.com. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
- ^ "কার্তিকের থিমে কুরুক্ষেত্র, ছৌ". Anandabazar Patrika (in Bengali). Retrieved 8 February 2018.
- ^ "Baro rail Katwae, jamlo bhidr (Big railway in Katwa, crowd gathers)". Bengali. Ananda Bazar Patrika, 13 January 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
- ^ Eastern Railway. . The Times of India. Archived from the original on 18 June 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ "Number of wards to be increased in 26 municipalities in Bengal: All India Trinamool Congress". aitcofficial.org. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
- ^ . www.wbdma.gov.in. Archived from the original on 19 February 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
- ^ The Kolkata Gazette: West Bengal State Election Commission Notification. Kolkata: Government of West Bengal. 2015. p. 343.