A polje, also called karst polje or karst field,[1][2][3] is a large flat plain found in karstic geological regions of the world, with areas usually in the range of 5–400 km2 (2–154 sq mi). The name derives from the Slavic languages,[4][5] where polje literally means 'field', whereas in English polje specifically refers to a karst plain or karst field.
A polje, in geological terminology,[6] is a large, flat-floored depression within karst limestone, whose long axis develops in parallel with major structural trends and can become several miles (tens of kilometers) long. Superficial deposits tend to accumulate along the floor. Drainage may be either by surface watercourses (as an open polje) or by swallow holes (as a closed polje) or ponors. Usually, the ponors cannot transmit entire flood flows, so many poljes become wet-season lakes. The structure of some poljes is related to the geological structure, but others are purely the result of lateral dissolution and planation. The development of poljes is fostered by any blockage in the karst drainage.[6]
A polje covers the flatbottomed lands of closed basins[6] which may extend over large areas, up to 1,000 km2. The flat floor of a polje may consist of bare limestone, of a nonsoluble formation (as with rolling topography), or of soil. A polje typically shows complex hydrogeological characteristics such as exsurgences, estavelles, swallow holes, and lost rivers. In colloquial use, the term "polje" designates flat-bottomed lands which are overgrown or are under cultivation. The DinaricKarst has many poljes.[6]
They are mostly distributed in subtropical and tropical latitudes but some also appear in temperate or, rarely, boreal regions. Usually covered with thick sediments, called "terra rossa", they are used extensively for agricultural purposes.
Some poljes of the Dinaric Alps are inundated during the rainy winters and spring seasons as masses of water called izvor or vrelo appears at the margins. The water disappears through shafts called ponor.
In Portugal, the town of Minde is located in a landscape of intensive karst. In the summer the polje is fertile fields, in winter, in case of heavy rain, a temporary lake.
In its original languages, the word is synonymous with interior valley. The word polje (Cyrillic: поље) itself is of Slavic origin (best known as the root for the country Poland, Polska, from the Polish word pole 'field'). English borrowed polje from Slovene[6] or Serbo-Croatian (Cyrillic: поље, pronounced [pôʎe]).[8][9] The equivalent in neighbouring Macedonian and Bulgarian is pole (поле), and in Russian it is polye (поле).[6] As a borrowing, apart from English it can be found in a number of languages including: French, German, Greek, Italian, Spanish and Turkish (which uses polye).
Notes
Wikimedia Commons has media related to poljes.
^Price, V. N. 2011. The Orphaned Land: New Mexico's Environment Since the Manhattan Project. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, p. 167.
^Weber, Rudolf O. et al. 1997. "20th-Century Changes of Temperature in the Mountain Regions of Central Europe." In Henry F. Diaz et al. (eds.), Climatic Change at High Elevation Sites, pp. 327–344. Dordrecht: Kluwer, p. 329.
^White, William Blaine, & David C. Culver (eds.). 2012. Encyclopedia of Caves. Waltham, MA: Academic Press, p. 443.
^De Waele, Jo; Gutierrez, Francisco (2022). Karst Hydrogeology, Geomorphology and Caves. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. p. 466. The word polje in Slavic languages means a flat field with arable soil.
^White, William B.; Culver, David C. (2012). Encyclopedia of Caves (2 ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier. p. 435. The typical polje (a Slavic word meaning 'field') ...
^ abcdef"Glossary of Cave and Karst Terms" (letter "P"), Speliogenesis.info, 2009, webpage: Spelio-gloss-P.
^Lazarević, Radenko (2000) [1975]. Geomorfologija (second ed.). Belgrade: Želnid, preduzeće za železničku novinsko-izdavačku delatnost d.o.o. Beograd, Nemanjina 6. p. 469.
^Herries Davies, G. L. (1978). "The Earth Sciences in Irish Serial Publications 1787–1977". Journal of Earth Sciences Royal Dublin Society. 1 (1): 1–23.
^"Merriam-Webster". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
March 05, 2023
polje, other, uses, disambiguation, polje, also, called, karst, polje, karst, field, large, flat, plain, found, karstic, geological, regions, world, with, areas, usually, range, name, derives, from, slavic, languages, where, polje, literally, means, field, whe. For other uses see Polje disambiguation A polje also called karst polje or karst field 1 2 3 is a large flat plain found in karstic geological regions of the world with areas usually in the range of 5 400 km2 2 154 sq mi The name derives from the Slavic languages 4 5 where polje literally means field whereas in English polje specifically refers to a karst plain or karst field Livanjsko Polje in Bosnia is the largest polje in the world Mount Dinara visible in the background In geology EditA polje in geological terminology 6 is a large flat floored depression within karst limestone whose long axis develops in parallel with major structural trends and can become several miles tens of kilometers long Superficial deposits tend to accumulate along the floor Drainage may be either by surface watercourses as an open polje or by swallow holes as a closed polje or ponors Usually the ponors cannot transmit entire flood flows so many poljes become wet season lakes The structure of some poljes is related to the geological structure but others are purely the result of lateral dissolution and planation The development of poljes is fostered by any blockage in the karst drainage 6 A polje covers the flatbottomed lands of closed basins 6 which may extend over large areas up to 1 000 km2 The flat floor of a polje may consist of bare limestone of a nonsoluble formation as with rolling topography or of soil A polje typically shows complex hydrogeological characteristics such as exsurgences estavelles swallow holes and lost rivers In colloquial use the term polje designates flat bottomed lands which are overgrown or are under cultivation The Dinaric Karst has many poljes 6 They are mostly distributed in subtropical and tropical latitudes but some also appear in temperate or rarely boreal regions Usually covered with thick sediments called terra rossa they are used extensively for agricultural purposes Some poljes of the Dinaric Alps are inundated during the rainy winters and spring seasons as masses of water called izvor or vrelo appears at the margins The water disappears through shafts called ponor The Minde Mira de Aire Polje floods in the winter months Prominent karst poljes are Livanjsko polje about 60 km long and 7 km wide Glamocko Polje Grahovsko Polje Drvarsko Polje Duvanjsko Polje Kupreska Visoravan Kupres Highlands Popovo Polje Dabarsko Polje Nevesinjsko Polje and Gatacko Polje in Bosnia and Herzegovina Logatec Planina and Cerknica Polje in Slovenia Grahovsko Polje and Niksicko Polje in Montenegro Licko Polje and Krbava in Lika Croatia Begovo Pole in North Macedonia and Odorovsko polje 7 the only karst polje in Serbia In Portugal the town of Minde is located in a landscape of intensive karst In the summer the polje is fertile fields in winter in case of heavy rain a temporary lake Compare also Lake Copais in Boeotia in Greece Etymology EditIn its original languages the word is synonymous with interior valley The word polje Cyrillic poљe itself is of Slavic origin best known as the root for the country Poland Polska from the Polish word pole field English borrowed polje from Slovene 6 or Serbo Croatian Cyrillic poљe pronounced poʎe 8 9 The equivalent in neighbouring Macedonian and Bulgarian is pole pole and in Russian it is polye pole 6 As a borrowing apart from English it can be found in a number of languages including French German Greek Italian Spanish and Turkish which uses polye Notes Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to poljes Price V N 2011 The Orphaned Land New Mexico s Environment Since the Manhattan Project Albuquerque University of New Mexico Press p 167 Weber Rudolf O et al 1997 20th Century Changes of Temperature in the Mountain Regions of Central Europe In Henry F Diaz et al eds Climatic Change at High Elevation Sites pp 327 344 Dordrecht Kluwer p 329 White William Blaine amp David C Culver eds 2012 Encyclopedia of Caves Waltham MA Academic Press p 443 De Waele Jo Gutierrez Francisco 2022 Karst Hydrogeology Geomorphology and Caves Hoboken NJ John Wiley amp Sons p 466 The word polje in Slavic languages means a flat field with arable soil White William B Culver David C 2012 Encyclopedia of Caves 2 ed Amsterdam Elsevier p 435 The typical polje a Slavic word meaning field a b c d e f Glossary of Cave and Karst Terms letter P Speliogenesis info 2009 webpage Spelio gloss P Lazarevic Radenko 2000 1975 Geomorfologija second ed Belgrade Zelnid preduzece za zeleznicku novinsko izdavacku delatnost d o o Beograd Nemanjina 6 p 469 Herries Davies G L 1978 The Earth Sciences in Irish Serial Publications 1787 1977 Journal of Earth Sciences Royal Dublin Society 1 1 1 23 Merriam Webster Merriam Webster Retrieved September 26 2017 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Polje amp oldid 1136093663, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
