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Karl Philipp Sebottendorf

April 12, 2024

Karl Philipp Sebottendorf van der Rose (17 July 1740 – 11 April 1818) enrolled in the Austrian army at the age of 18, became a general officer during the French Revolutionary Wars, and commanded a division against Napoleon Bonaparte in several notable battles during the Italian campaign of 1796.

Early career edit

Sebottendorf was born in Luxembourg in the Austrian Netherlands on 17 July 1740[1] of parents Oberst (Colonel) Johann Moritz Sebottendorf van der Rose (d. 1760) and Maria Anna Bodek von Ellgau (d. 1791). After military studies at the Wiener-Neustadt Academy, he joined the Austrian Waldeck Infantry Regiment # 35 in 1758. By the time of the War of the Bavarian Succession he had risen in rank to Captain. In 1779 an inquiry acquitted him after he was accused of cowardice. He earned promotion to Major in 1784, Oberst-Leutnant in March 1787, and Oberst in October 1787.[2]

French Revolutionary Wars edit

General officer edit

In early 1793, Sebottendorf became a General-Major and led a brigade in Luxembourg. On 2 September 1794, he distinguished himself in a minor action near Öttringen.[2]

Montenotte edit

On 4 March 1796, Sebottendorf received promotion to Feldmarschall-Leutnant in the Austrian army defending the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont. Johann Peter Beaulieu appointed him commander of the left wing, including the brigades of Wilhelm Kerpen, Anton Schübirz von Chobinin, Franz Nicoletti, and Gerhard Rosselmini.[3] In early April, Beaulieu initiated the Montenotte Campaign by sending two columns to attack Voltri, now a suburb of Genoa. Sebottendorf led one column of 3,200 troops south across the Turchino Pass, while Philipp Pittoni von Dannenfeld took 4,000 soldiers over the Bochetta Pass farther east.[4] The campaign ended with Napoleon Bonaparte's French Army of Italy forcing Piedmont to sue for peace. The Austrian army fell back to defend the Duchy of Milan.

Lodi edit

In early May, Bonaparte turned Beaulieu's southern flank and won the Battle of Fombio. This forced a major part of the Austrian army to retreat east across the Adda River at Lodi. Beaulieu left Sebottendorf and 10,000 men in the vicinity of Lodi to cover his withdrawal.[5] After the French advance guard under Claude Dallemagne drove the Austrian rear guard through Lodi, Sebottendorf prepared to defend the bridge that spanned the Adda on the east side of the town. The French artillery bombarded the Austrian position for several hours, as Bonaparte waited for André Masséna's division to arrive. In the ensuing Battle of Lodi on 10 May, the French defeated the outnumbered Austrians. Sebottendorf managed to carry out an orderly withdrawal, though his force lost 14 cannons and 2,036 soldiers killed, wounded, or missing.[6]

Borghetto edit

During the Battle of Borghetto on 30 May, Sebottendorf commanded the Austrian left-center. Beaulieu's illness on the previous day threw the Austrian high command into disarray. With no overall coordination, each subordinate looked to his own sector. Sebottendorf focused upon a feint attack while the main French effort seized Valeggio sul Mincio. Later in the day, he tried to retake Valeggio but was unable to evict the French. His division remained intact and rejoined the rest of the army in the upper Adige River valley.

Castiglione edit

During Dagobert von Wurmser's first relief of the Siege of Mantua, Sebottendorf led a sub-unit of Michael von Melas' Right-Center Column consisting of the brigades of Nicoletti and Pittoni. On 29 July, Sebottendorf captured French positions at Madonna della Corona and Brentino Belluno. This success allowed him to link up with Paul Davidovich and the Left-Center Column from the Adige valley. On 5 August, he fought in the Battle of Castiglione.

Bassano edit

In the second relief of Mantua, Sebottendorf led a 4,086-man division down the Brenta River valley. He participated in the Battle of Bassano, after which his division "was reduced to only one and a third battalions, four and a half companies, and two squadrons."[7] He subsequently joined Wurmser in a dash for Mantua. The bulk of the Austrians reached the fortress intact, but Sebottendorf and his soldiers were cooped up in Mantua for the duration of the long siege, during which many of the men died.

Later career edit

Sebottendorf served as assistant to the commanding generals in Inner Austria and the Tyrol during the period 1801 to 1806. He was deputy to the President of the Military Appellate Court from 1813 to 1818. He died in Vienna on 11 April 1818 with the noble title of Freiherr.

Family edit

Two younger Sebottendorf brothers, Franz Ludwig (1741–1822)[8] and Ignaz Anton (1749–1821)[9] also served in the Austrian army and achieved general officer rank. Franz commanded a brigade at the Battle of Stockach in 1799. At the beginning of the 1809 campaign, Ignaz led the Graz Landwehr infantry.[10] Ignaz also commanded a brigade at the Battle of the Piave on 7–8 May 1809[11] and at the Battle of Raab on 14 June.[12]

References edit

Books edit

  • Bowden, Scotty & Tarbox, Charlie. Armies on the Danube 1809. Arlington, Texas: Empire Games Press, 1980.
  • Boycott-Brown, Martin. The Road to Rivoli. London: Cassell & Co., 2001. ISBN 0-304-35305-1
  • Chandler, David. The Campaigns of Napoleon. New York: Macmillan, 1966.
  • Fiebeger, G. J. (1911). The Campaigns of Napoleon Bonaparte of 1796–1797. West Point, New York: US Military Academy Printing Office.
  • Smith, Digby. The Napoleonic Wars Data Book. London: Greenhill, 1998. ISBN 1-85367-276-9

External links edit

  • Karl Sebottendorf by Martin Boycott-Brown
  • Franz Sebottendorf by Digby Smith, compiled by Leopold Kudrna
  • Ignaz Sebottendorf by Digby Smith, compiled by Leopold Kudrna
  • Karl Sebottendorf by Digby Smith, compiled by Leopold Kudrna

Footnotes edit

  1. ^ Smith-Kudrna, "Karl Sebottendorf"
  2. ^ a b Boycott-Brown, historydata.com, "Sebottendorf"
  3. ^ Fiebeger, p 8. Boycott-Brown lists a different order of battle.
  4. ^ Boycott-Brown, p 194
  5. ^ Chandler, p 81
  6. ^ Boycott-Brown, p 314-315
  7. ^ Boycott-Brown, p 433
  8. ^ Smith-Kudrna, "Franz Sebottendorf". Part of this source's narrative for Karl appears to be incorrectly listed under Franz. The Sebottendorf at Lodi held the rank of FML. The only brother of that rank in 1796 was Karl.
  9. ^ Smith-Kudrna, "Ignaz Sebottendorf"
  10. ^ Bowden & Tarbox, p 108, 115
  11. ^ Smith, p 300
  12. ^ Bowden & Tarbox, p 122

April 12, 2024
karl, philipp, sebottendorf, rose, july, 1740, april, 1818, enrolled, austrian, army, became, general, officer, during, french, revolutionary, wars, commanded, division, against, napoleon, bonaparte, several, notable, battles, during, italian, campaign, 1796, . Karl Philipp Sebottendorf van der Rose 17 July 1740 11 April 1818 enrolled in the Austrian army at the age of 18 became a general officer during the French Revolutionary Wars and commanded a division against Napoleon Bonaparte in several notable battles during the Italian campaign of 1796 Contents 1 Early career 2 French Revolutionary Wars 2 1 General officer 2 2 Montenotte 2 3 Lodi 2 4 Borghetto 2 5 Castiglione 2 6 Bassano 3 Later career 4 Family 5 References 5 1 Books 5 2 External links 5 3 FootnotesEarly career editSebottendorf was born in Luxembourg in the Austrian Netherlands on 17 July 1740 1 of parents Oberst Colonel Johann Moritz Sebottendorf van der Rose d 1760 and Maria Anna Bodek von Ellgau d 1791 After military studies at the Wiener Neustadt Academy he joined the Austrian Waldeck Infantry Regiment 35 in 1758 By the time of the War of the Bavarian Succession he had risen in rank to Captain In 1779 an inquiry acquitted him after he was accused of cowardice He earned promotion to Major in 1784 Oberst Leutnant in March 1787 and Oberst in October 1787 2 French Revolutionary Wars editGeneral officer edit In early 1793 Sebottendorf became a General Major and led a brigade in Luxembourg On 2 September 1794 he distinguished himself in a minor action near Ottringen 2 Montenotte edit On 4 March 1796 Sebottendorf received promotion to Feldmarschall Leutnant in the Austrian army defending the Kingdom of Sardinia Piedmont Johann Peter Beaulieu appointed him commander of the left wing including the brigades of Wilhelm Kerpen Anton Schubirz von Chobinin Franz Nicoletti and Gerhard Rosselmini 3 In early April Beaulieu initiated the Montenotte Campaign by sending two columns to attack Voltri now a suburb of Genoa Sebottendorf led one column of 3 200 troops south across the Turchino Pass while Philipp Pittoni von Dannenfeld took 4 000 soldiers over the Bochetta Pass farther east 4 The campaign ended with Napoleon Bonaparte s French Army of Italy forcing Piedmont to sue for peace The Austrian army fell back to defend the Duchy of Milan Lodi edit In early May Bonaparte turned Beaulieu s southern flank and won the Battle of Fombio This forced a major part of the Austrian army to retreat east across the Adda River at Lodi Beaulieu left Sebottendorf and 10 000 men in the vicinity of Lodi to cover his withdrawal 5 After the French advance guard under Claude Dallemagne drove the Austrian rear guard through Lodi Sebottendorf prepared to defend the bridge that spanned the Adda on the east side of the town The French artillery bombarded the Austrian position for several hours as Bonaparte waited for Andre Massena s division to arrive In the ensuing Battle of Lodi on 10 May the French defeated the outnumbered Austrians Sebottendorf managed to carry out an orderly withdrawal though his force lost 14 cannons and 2 036 soldiers killed wounded or missing 6 Borghetto edit During the Battle of Borghetto on 30 May Sebottendorf commanded the Austrian left center Beaulieu s illness on the previous day threw the Austrian high command into disarray With no overall coordination each subordinate looked to his own sector Sebottendorf focused upon a feint attack while the main French effort seized Valeggio sul Mincio Later in the day he tried to retake Valeggio but was unable to evict the French His division remained intact and rejoined the rest of the army in the upper Adige River valley Castiglione edit During Dagobert von Wurmser s first relief of the Siege of Mantua Sebottendorf led a sub unit of Michael von Melas Right Center Column consisting of the brigades of Nicoletti and Pittoni On 29 July Sebottendorf captured French positions at Madonna della Corona and Brentino Belluno This success allowed him to link up with Paul Davidovich and the Left Center Column from the Adige valley On 5 August he fought in the Battle of Castiglione Bassano edit In the second relief of Mantua Sebottendorf led a 4 086 man division down the Brenta River valley He participated in the Battle of Bassano after which his division was reduced to only one and a third battalions four and a half companies and two squadrons 7 He subsequently joined Wurmser in a dash for Mantua The bulk of the Austrians reached the fortress intact but Sebottendorf and his soldiers were cooped up in Mantua for the duration of the long siege during which many of the men died Later career editSebottendorf served as assistant to the commanding generals in Inner Austria and the Tyrol during the period 1801 to 1806 He was deputy to the President of the Military Appellate Court from 1813 to 1818 He died in Vienna on 11 April 1818 with the noble title of Freiherr Family editTwo younger Sebottendorf brothers Franz Ludwig 1741 1822 8 and Ignaz Anton 1749 1821 9 also served in the Austrian army and achieved general officer rank Franz commanded a brigade at the Battle of Stockach in 1799 At the beginning of the 1809 campaign Ignaz led the Graz Landwehr infantry 10 Ignaz also commanded a brigade at the Battle of the Piave on 7 8 May 1809 11 and at the Battle of Raab on 14 June 12 References editBooks edit Bowden Scotty amp Tarbox Charlie Armies on the Danube 1809 Arlington Texas Empire Games Press 1980 Boycott Brown Martin The Road to Rivoli London Cassell amp Co 2001 ISBN 0 304 35305 1 Chandler David The Campaigns of Napoleon New York Macmillan 1966 Fiebeger G J 1911 The Campaigns of Napoleon Bonaparte of 1796 1797 West Point New York US Military Academy Printing Office Smith Digby The Napoleonic Wars Data Book London Greenhill 1998 ISBN 1 85367 276 9External links edit Karl Sebottendorf by Martin Boycott Brown Franz Sebottendorf by Digby Smith compiled by Leopold Kudrna Ignaz Sebottendorf by Digby Smith compiled by Leopold Kudrna Karl Sebottendorf by Digby Smith compiled by Leopold KudrnaFootnotes edit Smith Kudrna Karl Sebottendorf a b Boycott Brown historydata com Sebottendorf Fiebeger p 8 Boycott Brown lists a different order of battle Boycott Brown p 194 Chandler p 81 Boycott Brown p 314 315 Boycott Brown p 433 Smith Kudrna Franz Sebottendorf Part of this source s narrative for Karl appears to be incorrectly listed under Franz The Sebottendorf at Lodi held the rank of FML The only brother of that rank in 1796 was Karl Smith Kudrna Ignaz Sebottendorf Bowden amp Tarbox p 108 115 Smith p 300 Bowden amp Tarbox p 122 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Karl Philipp Sebottendorf amp oldid 1195898985, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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