In the 1780s, opposition emerged to the liberal reforms of Emperor Joseph II, which were perceived as an attack on the Catholic Church and the traditional institutions in the Austrian Netherlands. Resistance, focused in the autonomous and wealthy Duchy of Brabant and County of Flanders, grew. In the aftermath of rioting and disruption, known as the Small Revolution, in 1787, many of opponents took refuge in the neighboring Dutch Republic where they formed a rebel army. Soon after the outbreak of the French and Liège revolutions, the émigré army crossed into the Austrian Netherlands and decisively defeated the Austrians at the Battle of Turnhout on 27 October 1789. The rebels, supported by uprisings across the territory, soon took control over much of the territory and proclaimed independence. Despite the tacit support of Prussia, the independent United Belgian States, established in January 1790, received no foreign recognition and soon became divided along ideological lines. The Vonckists, led by Jan Frans Vonck, advocated progressive and liberal government, whereas the Statists, led by Hendrik Van der Noot, were staunchly conservative and supported by the Church. The Statists, who had a wider base of support, soon drove the Vonckists into exile through terror.[1]
Naval jack of Flanders in the 18th century
By mid-1790, Habsburg Austria ended its war with the Ottoman Empire and prepared to suppress the rebels. The new Holy Roman Emperor, Leopold II, was also a liberal and proposed an amnesty for the rebels. After defeating a Statist army at the Battle of Falmagne (22 September 1790), the territory was soon overrun and the revolution was defeated by December. The Austrian reestablishment was short-lived, however, and the territory was overrun by the French in 1794 (during the War of the First Coalition) after the Battle of Fleurus.
Imperial Councillors of State
The Councillors of state acted as government, and formed the council by imperial consent:[2]
1794 was the third year of the War of the First Coalition. After the Battle of Fleurus (26 June), the Austrians gave up on contesting the Low Countries, and left it to the French. After three months of pure military occupation, on 15 October an Administration centrale et supérieure de la Belgique was installed. On 1 October 1795 the departments were activated and the definitive annexation started, liquidating the Belgian Governing Council, which ceased on 22 November. France annexed the Austrian Netherlands from the Holy Roman Empire and integrated them into the French Republic. The commissioner of the Directory, Louis Ghislain de Bouteville-Dumetz, finished his work on January 20, 1797, after which no common Belgian authority remained.
^Brown, Kevin (2017). "Artist and Patrons: Court Art and Revolution in Brussels at the end of the Ancien Regime". Dutch Crossing: 1–28. doi:10.1080/03096564.2017.1299964.
^Almanach de la cour de Bruxelles sous les dominatione autrichienne et francaise, la monarchie des Pays-Bas et le gouvernement belge, de 1725 a 1840 (etc.)
Sources
Heinrich Benedikt. Als Belgien österreichisch war. Herold, Vienna, 1965.
January 08, 2023
austrian, netherlands, territory, burgundian, circle, holy, roman, empire, between, 1714, 1797, period, began, with, austrian, acquisition, former, spanish, netherlands, under, treaty, rastatt, 1714, lasted, until, revolutionary, france, annexed, territory, du. The Austrian Netherlands nb 1 was the territory of the Burgundian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire between 1714 and 1797 The period began with the Austrian acquisition of the former Spanish Netherlands under the Treaty of Rastatt in 1714 and lasted until Revolutionary France annexed the territory during the aftermath of the Battle of Sprimont in 1794 and the Peace of Basel in 1795 Austria however did not relinquish its claim over the province until 1797 in the Treaty of Campo Formio Austrian NetherlandsOsterreichische Niederlande German Pays Bas Autrichiens French Oostenrijkse Nederlanden Dutch Belgium Austriacum Latin 1714 1797Flag Coat of armsThe Austrian Netherlands in 1789 Austrian Netherlands Habsburg monarchyStatusProvince of AustriaState of the Holy Roman EmpireCapitalBrusselsCommon languagesGerman French Dutch LatinReligionRoman CatholicGovernmentGovernorateGovernor 1716 1724Eugene Francis first 1744 1780Charles Alexander 1793 1794Charles Louis last Plenipotentiary 1714 1716Lothar Dominik first 1793 1794Franz Karl last Historical eraEarly Modern Treaty of Rastatt7 March 1714 Treaty of Fontainebleau8 November 1785 Brabant Revolution1789 1790 Battle of Sprimont18 September 1794 Treaty of Campo Formio17 October 1797CurrencyKronenthalerPreceded by Succeeded bySpanish Netherlands French First RepublicToday part ofNetherlandsBelgiumGermanyLuxembourg Contents 1 History 1 1 Brabant Revolution 1 2 Imperial Councillors of State 2 French rule 3 Notes 4 Citations 4 1 SourcesHistory EditSee also History of Belgium Silver coin 1 kronenthaler Maria Theresa 1767 Silver coin 1 kronenthaler Francis II 1793 Under the Treaty of Rastatt 1714 following the War of the Spanish Succession the surviving portions of the Spanish Netherlands were ceded to Austria The Circle continued to give a single seat to the Reichstag to its owner now the Emperor himself as alleged Duke of Burgundy Administratively the country was divided in four traditional duchies three counties and various lordships Brabant Revolution Edit Main article Brabant Revolution In the 1780s opposition emerged to the liberal reforms of Emperor Joseph II which were perceived as an attack on the Catholic Church and the traditional institutions in the Austrian Netherlands Resistance focused in the autonomous and wealthy Duchy of Brabant and County of Flanders grew In the aftermath of rioting and disruption known as the Small Revolution in 1787 many of opponents took refuge in the neighboring Dutch Republic where they formed a rebel army Soon after the outbreak of the French and Liege revolutions the emigre army crossed into the Austrian Netherlands and decisively defeated the Austrians at the Battle of Turnhout on 27 October 1789 The rebels supported by uprisings across the territory soon took control over much of the territory and proclaimed independence Despite the tacit support of Prussia the independent United Belgian States established in January 1790 received no foreign recognition and soon became divided along ideological lines The Vonckists led by Jan Frans Vonck advocated progressive and liberal government whereas the Statists led by Hendrik Van der Noot were staunchly conservative and supported by the Church The Statists who had a wider base of support soon drove the Vonckists into exile through terror 1 Naval jack of Flanders in the 18th century By mid 1790 Habsburg Austria ended its war with the Ottoman Empire and prepared to suppress the rebels The new Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II was also a liberal and proposed an amnesty for the rebels After defeating a Statist army at the Battle of Falmagne 22 September 1790 the territory was soon overrun and the revolution was defeated by December The Austrian reestablishment was short lived however and the territory was overrun by the French in 1794 during the War of the First Coalition after the Battle of Fleurus Imperial Councillors of State Edit The Councillors of state acted as government and formed the council by imperial consent 2 The Baron Franz von Reischach Imperial Diplomat Cardinal von Migazzi Cardinal von Frankenberg the Baron of Gottignies Imperial Lord Chamberlain Philippe von Cobenzl vice Chancellor of the Imperial Council of State Henri d Ognies Prince of Grimberghen Imperial Lord Chamberlain the Count of Neny president of the Privy Council member of the Imperial Council of State the Count of Woestenraedt Imperial Lord Chamberlain the Marquess of Chasteler Lord Chamberlain the Count of Gomegnies President of the Council of Hainaut the Viscount of Villers Imperial Treasurer General Franz Joseph Prince of Gavre Grand Marshall of the Imperial Court of the Archduchess French rule EditMain articles Battle of Sprimont and Southern Netherlands French annexation 1794 was the third year of the War of the First Coalition After the Battle of Fleurus 26 June the Austrians gave up on contesting the Low Countries and left it to the French After three months of pure military occupation on 15 October an Administration centrale et superieure de la Belgique was installed On 1 October 1795 the departments were activated and the definitive annexation started liquidating the Belgian Governing Council which ceased on 22 November France annexed the Austrian Netherlands from the Holy Roman Empire and integrated them into the French Republic The commissioner of the Directory Louis Ghislain de Bouteville Dumetz finished his work on January 20 1797 after which no common Belgian authority remained Notes Edit Dutch Oostenrijkse Nederlanden French Pays Bas Autrichiens German Osterreichische Niederlande Latin Belgium Austriacum Citations Edit Brown Kevin 2017 Artist and Patrons Court Art and Revolution in Brussels at the end of the Ancien Regime Dutch Crossing 1 28 doi 10 1080 03096564 2017 1299964 Almanach de la cour de Bruxelles sous les dominatione autrichienne et francaise la monarchie des Pays Bas et le gouvernement belge de 1725 a 1840 etc Sources Edit Heinrich Benedikt Als Belgien osterreichisch war Herold Vienna 1965 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Austrian Netherlands amp oldid 1122867838, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
