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Kardhiq

October 19, 2023

Kardhiq is a village in the former Cepo commune, Gjirokastër County, Albania.[1] At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Gjirokastër.[2] The village is inhabited by both Muslim and Orthodox Christian Albanians who speak the Tosk dialect of Albanian.[3] Kardhiq Castle is located near the village.

Kardhiq
Village
Kardhiq
Coordinates: 40°7′18″N 20°1′39″E / 40.12167°N 20.02750°E / 40.12167; 20.02750
Country Albania
CountyGjirokastër
MunicipalityGjirokastër
Municipal unitCepo
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)

Name Edit

The toponym Kardhiq is used for several places in Albania.[4] It is found in several places of the Balkans, in the form of Gardik, Gardiki (in Greece), Gradec. The toponym is of Slavic origin and stems from a word for "castle".[5][6][7]

History Edit

A Hellenistic era garrison was built in Kardhiq as part of the fortification system of Chaonia, in the northwestern part of Epirus [8]

In late 14th century and early 15th century, the Kardhiq Castle was built by the noble Albanian Zenebishi. family.[9] Kardhiq had around 30 households in 1431–1432. Ottoman explorer Evliya Çelebi recorded 150 homes in the 17th century.[10]

In 1811, Kardhiq, whose inhabitants were known for their military prowess, had taken in one of Ali Pasha's political opponents, Ibrahim Pasha. Eventually, Ali managed to have the village hand over Ibrahim via presents and promises. In that same year, French agents had brought money and gunpowder to Gjirokastër in order to incite rebellion against Ali, whom the French had politically opposed. This rebellion was led by the chieftains of Kardhiq, Gjirokastër and Delvinë, and in October 1811, the rebels managed to inflict a heavy defeat on Ali's troops. Although the inhabitants of Gjirokastër eventually surrendered, the inhabitants of Kardhiq continued the resistance, and so Ali Pasha began a long siege of the village.[11]

In December 1811, the men of Kardhiq offered to surrender on the condition that they be allowed to emigrate to Corfu; Ali refused, and the siege continued. On the 21st of February, 1812, the village finally fell, with at least 300 defenders having been killed in the final assault. Ali Pasha ordered the massacre due to a long-standing vendetta he had with the village; it was said that after his father had died whilst Ali was a child and his family's power subsequently diminished, the men of Kardhiq captured his mother, raped her and humiliated her by forcing her to walk through the streets with a man on her back. As such, on the 15th of March, 1812, Ali ordered that nearly 800 captives be taken to a roadside inn with a large courtyard. Some of the captives were taken away for slavery, but the vast majority were massacred in the courtyard. This massacre was carried out by Thanasis Vagias.[12][13][14] During the massacre, Ali Pasha spared the family of an imam from Kolonjë due to his friendship with the man; the family consisted of about 30 men who were allowed to continue sowing the fields until they were eventually permitted to return and repopulate village. From then onwards, the village would recover well, and the Albanian inhabitants of Kardhiq were primarily engaged in mercenary activities during that period.[15]

Notable people Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ "Location of Kardhiq". Retrieved 2010-06-03.
  2. ^ "Law nr. 115/2014" (PDF) (in Albanian). p. 6371. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  3. ^ Kallivretakis, Leonidas (1995). "Η ελληνική κοινότητα της Αλβανίας υπό το πρίσμα της ιστορικής γεωγραφίας και δημογραφίας [The Greek Community of Albania in terms of historical geography and demography]." In Nikolakopoulos, Ilias, Kouloubis Theodoros A. & Thanos M. Veremis (eds). Ο Ελληνισμός της Αλβανίας [The Greeks of Albania]. University of Athens. p. 51. " ΑΧ Αλβανοί Ορθόδοξοι Χριστιανοί, AM Αλβανοί Μουσουλμάνοι" p.56. "KARDHIQ ΓΑΡΔΙΚΙ 225 ΑΜ + ΑΧ"
  4. ^ Çabej, E. Studime gjuhësore: Hyrje në historinë e gjuhës shqipe. Fonetika historike. Parashtesat. Rilindja. p. 258.
  5. ^ Koder Johannes. "Albanians and Byzantines. Aproaches to the Study of their common cultural past." In: Iliria, vol. 39, 2015. pp. 7-24; doi : https://doi.org/10.3406/iliri.2015.2497p. 13
  6. ^ Koder Johannes, "On the Slavic Immigration in the Byzantine Balkans", p. 86, at https://brill.com
  7. ^ Menges, K.H. (1953). An Outline of the Early History and Migrations of the Slavs. Department of Slavic Languages, Columbia University. p. 21.
  8. ^ De Maria, Sandro; Bogdani, Jylian; Giorgi, Enrico (2017). "Ricerca e tutela in un territorio di frontiera. L'Epiro del Nord fra età ellenistica e presenza di Roma". In Gianluca Mastrocinque (ed.). Paesaggi mediterranei di età romana. Archeologia, tutela, comunicazione. Bibliotheca archaeologica. Vol. 47. Edipuglia. p. 55. doi:10.4475/835. ISBN 978-88-7228-835-1. ISSN 1724-8523.
  9. ^ Karaiskaj, Gjerak (1981). Pesë mijë vjet fortifikime në Shqipëri (in Albanian). Shtëpia Botuese "8 Nëntori". p. 148. Zenevisët kryen punime në kalanë e Gjirokastrës dhe ndërtuan Kardhiqin
  10. ^ Riza, Emin; Thomo, Pirro (1984). "The character and features of the Albanian peasant habitat and dwelling of the XIV-XVIIIth century". Kultura Popullore (3): 45–74.
  11. ^ Malcolm, Noel (2020). Rebels, believers, survivors: studies in the history of the Albanians (1st ed.). Oxford (GB): Oxford University Press. pp. 212–213. ISBN 9780198857297.
  12. ^ Santas, Constantine (1976). Aristotelis Valaoritis. Boston, Massachusetts: Twayne Publishers. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-8057-6246-4. Thanasis Vayias, a man who allegedly led the hordes of Ali Pasha against a village of Epirus, Gardiki, resulting in the massacre of seven hundred men, women, and children.
  13. ^ Potts, Jim (2010). The Ionian Islands and Epirus: A Cultural History. Oxford University Press. pp. 158–159. ISBN 9780199754168.
  14. ^ Malcolm, Noel (2020). Rebels, believers, survivors: studies in the history of the Albanians (1st ed.). Oxford (GB): Oxford University Press. p. 218. ISBN 9780198857297.
  15. ^ Elsie, Robert; George von Hahn, Johann (2015). The Discovery of Albania. pp. 21, 28–29. ISBN 9781786739735.

October 19, 2023
kardhiq, village, former, cepo, commune, gjirokastër, county, albania, 2015, local, government, reform, became, part, municipality, gjirokastër, village, inhabited, both, muslim, orthodox, christian, albanians, speak, tosk, dialect, albanian, castle, located, . Kardhiq is a village in the former Cepo commune Gjirokaster County Albania 1 At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Gjirokaster 2 The village is inhabited by both Muslim and Orthodox Christian Albanians who speak the Tosk dialect of Albanian 3 Kardhiq Castle is located near the village KardhiqVillageKardhiqCoordinates 40 7 18 N 20 1 39 E 40 12167 N 20 02750 E 40 12167 20 02750Country AlbaniaCountyGjirokasterMunicipalityGjirokasterMunicipal unitCepoTime zoneUTC 1 CET Summer DST UTC 2 CEST Contents 1 Name 2 History 3 Notable people 4 ReferencesName EditThe toponym Kardhiq is used for several places in Albania 4 It is found in several places of the Balkans in the form of Gardik Gardiki in Greece Gradec The toponym is of Slavic origin and stems from a word for castle 5 6 7 History EditA Hellenistic era garrison was built in Kardhiq as part of the fortification system of Chaonia in the northwestern part of Epirus 8 In late 14th century and early 15th century the Kardhiq Castle was built by the noble Albanian Zenebishi family 9 Kardhiq had around 30 households in 1431 1432 Ottoman explorer Evliya Celebi recorded 150 homes in the 17th century 10 In 1811 Kardhiq whose inhabitants were known for their military prowess had taken in one of Ali Pasha s political opponents Ibrahim Pasha Eventually Ali managed to have the village hand over Ibrahim via presents and promises In that same year French agents had brought money and gunpowder to Gjirokaster in order to incite rebellion against Ali whom the French had politically opposed This rebellion was led by the chieftains of Kardhiq Gjirokaster and Delvine and in October 1811 the rebels managed to inflict a heavy defeat on Ali s troops Although the inhabitants of Gjirokaster eventually surrendered the inhabitants of Kardhiq continued the resistance and so Ali Pasha began a long siege of the village 11 In December 1811 the men of Kardhiq offered to surrender on the condition that they be allowed to emigrate to Corfu Ali refused and the siege continued On the 21st of February 1812 the village finally fell with at least 300 defenders having been killed in the final assault Ali Pasha ordered the massacre due to a long standing vendetta he had with the village it was said that after his father had died whilst Ali was a child and his family s power subsequently diminished the men of Kardhiq captured his mother raped her and humiliated her by forcing her to walk through the streets with a man on her back As such on the 15th of March 1812 Ali ordered that nearly 800 captives be taken to a roadside inn with a large courtyard Some of the captives were taken away for slavery but the vast majority were massacred in the courtyard This massacre was carried out by Thanasis Vagias 12 13 14 During the massacre Ali Pasha spared the family of an imam from Kolonje due to his friendship with the man the family consisted of about 30 men who were allowed to continue sowing the fields until they were eventually permitted to return and repopulate village From then onwards the village would recover well and the Albanian inhabitants of Kardhiq were primarily engaged in mercenary activities during that period 15 Notable people EditHasan Dosti 1895 January 29 1991 Born in Kardhiq he was a famous jurist and Balli Kombetar leader Cerciz Topulli 20 September 1880 17 July 1915 Albanian revolutionary and guerrilla fighter involved in the national movement against the Ottoman occupation His mother Hasije daughter of Laze Mullai was from Kardhiq Bajo Topulli 1868 24 July 1930 born Bajram Fehmi Topulli was an Albanian nationalist figure of the Albanian National Awakening Bajo was the older brother of Cerciz Topulli His mother Hasije daughter of Laze Mullai was from Kardhiq References Edit Location of Kardhiq Retrieved 2010 06 03 Law nr 115 2014 PDF in Albanian p 6371 Retrieved 25 February 2022 Kallivretakis Leonidas 1995 H ellhnikh koinothta ths Albanias ypo to prisma ths istorikhs gewgrafias kai dhmografias The Greek Community of Albania in terms of historical geography and demography In Nikolakopoulos Ilias Kouloubis Theodoros A amp Thanos M Veremis eds O Ellhnismos ths Albanias The Greeks of Albania University of Athens p 51 AX Albanoi Or8odo3oi Xristianoi AM Albanoi Moysoylmanoi p 56 KARDHIQ GARDIKI 225 AM AX Cabej E Studime gjuhesore Hyrje ne historine e gjuhes shqipe Fonetika historike Parashtesat Rilindja p 258 Koder Johannes Albanians and Byzantines Aproaches to the Study of their common cultural past In Iliria vol 39 2015 pp 7 24 doi https doi org 10 3406 iliri 2015 2497p 13 Koder Johannes On the Slavic Immigration in the Byzantine Balkans p 86 at https brill com Menges K H 1953 An Outline of the Early History and Migrations of the Slavs Department of Slavic Languages Columbia University p 21 De Maria Sandro Bogdani Jylian Giorgi Enrico 2017 Ricerca e tutela in un territorio di frontiera L Epiro del Nord fra eta ellenistica e presenza di Roma In Gianluca Mastrocinque ed Paesaggi mediterranei di eta romana Archeologia tutela comunicazione Bibliotheca archaeologica Vol 47 Edipuglia p 55 doi 10 4475 835 ISBN 978 88 7228 835 1 ISSN 1724 8523 Karaiskaj Gjerak 1981 Pese mije vjet fortifikime ne Shqiperi in Albanian Shtepia Botuese 8 Nentori p 148 Zeneviset kryen punime ne kalane e Gjirokastres dhe ndertuan Kardhiqin Riza Emin Thomo Pirro 1984 The character and features of the Albanian peasant habitat and dwelling of the XIV XVIIIth century Kultura Popullore 3 45 74 Malcolm Noel 2020 Rebels believers survivors studies in the history of the Albanians 1st ed Oxford GB Oxford University Press pp 212 213 ISBN 9780198857297 Santas Constantine 1976 Aristotelis Valaoritis Boston Massachusetts Twayne Publishers p 67 ISBN 978 0 8057 6246 4 Thanasis Vayias a man who allegedly led the hordes of Ali Pasha against a village of Epirus Gardiki resulting in the massacre of seven hundred men women and children Potts Jim 2010 The Ionian Islands and Epirus A Cultural History Oxford University Press pp 158 159 ISBN 9780199754168 Malcolm Noel 2020 Rebels believers survivors studies in the history of the Albanians 1st ed Oxford GB Oxford University Press p 218 ISBN 9780198857297 Elsie Robert George von Hahn Johann 2015 The Discovery of Albania pp 21 28 29 ISBN 9781786739735 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kardhiq amp oldid 1176302128, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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