Kanuksusy or Kos Showeyha (c. 1701-November 1756) was a member of the Seneca tribe and son of Seneca chieftain Queen Alliquippa. He acted as a liaison between the Ohio Seneca and the Pennsylvania Colony during the French and Indian War as well as an intermediary and messenger for the Six Nations among other Native American tribes during the early part of the 18th century.
Known to the English as Captain Newcastle and Colonel Fairfax, Kanuksusy held numerous names among various other Native American tribes including Canachquasy, Cashuwayon, Ah Knoyis, Kosshoweyha, Cashiowaya and Cashunyon.
He is first recorded as Canachquasy, the leader of a band of ten young Mingo warriors whom he led from Kuskusky to Philadelphia arriving in the city on November 11, 1747. Delivering news of French activities in western Pennsylvania, the first reports to be heard from outside the colony, he later addressed the Pennsylvania Council that he and his group were representatives of the "Six Nations" and confirmed its neutrality during King George's War which had earlier been decided at the Onondaga Council. After leaving the capital, he spent the winter living with the Nanticoke Indian Tribe at the mouth of the Juniata River.[1]
In November 1753, his name was listed as one of the Mohawk chieftains "now entrusted with the conduct of public affairs among the Six Nations". As allies of the British, he accompanied his mother to travel with a group of Mingo Seneca to Fort Necessity to assist George Washington. While staying with Washington in June 1754, his mother requested that he might let her son be taken into Council given her failing health. Calling his Indian allies, Kanuksusy was presented with a medal which Washington asked him "to wear it in remembrance of his great father, the King of England" and was named Colonel Fairfax after the Virginia colonist Thomas Fairfax. He was told this signified, "the First in Council".
Although neither he or his mother participated in the Battle of the Great Meadows on July 3-4, during a meeting of the Philadelphia Council he was personally commended by Governor Robert Hunter Morris as one of seven Indian chieftains who fought under General Edward Braddock at the Battle of the Monongahela the following year. He was, however, critical of Braddock's actions during the battle commenting on "the pride and ignorance of that great General that came from England. He is now dead; but he was a bad man when he was alive; he looked upon us as dogs, and would never hear anything that was said to him. We often endeavored to advise him and to tell him of the danger he was in with his Soldiers; but he never appeared pleased with us, & that was the reason that a great many of our Warriors left him & would not be under his Command."[2]
On August 22, Kanuksusy led a delegation to the Pennsylvania state house where he met with Governor Morris and members of the provincial council as well as Andrew Montour, Conrad Weiser and other intermediaries to discuss, among other issues, the defeat of General Edward Braddock by a combined force of French and Native Americans the previous month and efforts to enlist the aid of Indian allies. During this meeting, he was honored by the British for his services and received "an English name" from Governor Morris who stated:
"In token of our Affection for your parents & in expectation of Your being a useful man in these perilous Times, I do in the most solemn manner adopt you by the name of Newcastle ..., because in 1701 I am informed that your parents presented you to the late Mr William Penn at Newcastle."
In January 1756, while at another council meeting in Carlisle with Governor Morris, he was "adopted" by the Iroquois as a colonial messenger and given the name Ah Knoyis.[3][4] He and Teedyuscung were appointed by the Philadelphia council as official agents regarding Indian transactions for the colony on July 20.[5]
Living among the hostile tribes of the Upper Susquehanna for a year, he acted as a messenger and spy for Governor Morris before returning to Philadelphia where he died from smallpox in November 1756.[6]
Further readingedit
Horn, William Franklin. The Horn Papers: Early Westward Movement on the Monongahela and Upper Ohio, 1765-1795. Waynesburg, Pennsylvania: Greene Co. Historical Society, 1945.
Sargent, Winthrop. The History of an Expedition Against Fort Du Quesne, in 1755: Under Major-General Edward Braddock. Philadelphia: Lippencott, Grambo & Co., 1855.
Sipe, Chester Hale. Fort Ligonier and Its Times: A History of the First English Fort West of the Allegheny Mountains. Harrisburg: Telegraph Press, 1932.
Wallace, Paul A.W. Conrad Weiser, 1696-1760: Friend of Colonist and Mohawk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1945.
Wallace, Paul A.W. King of the Delawares: Teedyuscung, 1700-1763. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1949.
Referencesedit
^ Sipe, Chester Hale. The Indian Chiefs of Pennsylvania. New York: Arno Press & The New York Times, 1971. (pg. 213) ISBN0-405-02905-5
^ Ward, Matthew C. Breaking The Backcountry: The Seven Years' War in Virginia and Pennsylvania, 1754-1765. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2003. (pg. 41) ISBN0-8229-5865-1
^Minutes of the Provincial Council of Pennsylvania: From the Organization to the Termination of the Proprietary Government. Harrisburg: Theo, Fenn & Co., 1851. (pg. 5-6)
^ Merrell, James Hart. Into the American Woods: Negotiators on the Pennsylvania Frontier. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1999. (pg. 65-66) ISBN0-393-31976-8
^ Jennings, Francis. Empire of Fortune: Crowns, Colonies and Tribes in the Seven Years War in America. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1990. (pg. 254) ISBN0-393-30640-2
^ Hanna, Charles Augustus. The Wilderness Trail: Or, The Ventures and Adventures of the Pennsylvania Traders on the Allegheny Path. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1911. (pg. 79-80)
January 01, 1970
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Kanuksusy or Kos Showeyha c 1701 November 1756 was a member of the Seneca tribe and son of Seneca chieftain Queen Alliquippa He acted as a liaison between the Ohio Seneca and the Pennsylvania Colony during the French and Indian War as well as an intermediary and messenger for the Six Nations among other Native American tribes during the early part of the 18th century Known to the English as Captain Newcastle and Colonel Fairfax Kanuksusy held numerous names among various other Native American tribes including Canachquasy Cashuwayon Ah Knoyis Kosshoweyha Cashiowaya and Cashunyon Biography editAlthough much of his early life is unknown he was born to Queen Alliquippa of the Mingo Seneca and presumably grew up along the three rivers the Ohio River the Allegheny River and the Monongahela River near present day Pittsburgh Pennsylvania He is first recorded as Canachquasy the leader of a band of ten young Mingo warriors whom he led from Kuskusky to Philadelphia arriving in the city on November 11 1747 Delivering news of French activities in western Pennsylvania the first reports to be heard from outside the colony he later addressed the Pennsylvania Council that he and his group were representatives of the Six Nations and confirmed its neutrality during King George s War which had earlier been decided at the Onondaga Council After leaving the capital he spent the winter living with the Nanticoke Indian Tribe at the mouth of the Juniata River 1 In November 1753 his name was listed as one of the Mohawk chieftains now entrusted with the conduct of public affairs among the Six Nations As allies of the British he accompanied his mother to travel with a group of Mingo Seneca to Fort Necessity to assist George Washington While staying with Washington in June 1754 his mother requested that he might let her son be taken into Council given her failing health Calling his Indian allies Kanuksusy was presented with a medal which Washington asked him to wear it in remembrance of his great father the King of England and was named Colonel Fairfax after the Virginia colonist Thomas Fairfax He was told this signified the First in Council Although neither he or his mother participated in the Battle of the Great Meadows on July 3 4 during a meeting of the Philadelphia Council he was personally commended by Governor Robert Hunter Morris as one of seven Indian chieftains who fought under General Edward Braddock at the Battle of the Monongahela the following year He was however critical of Braddock s actions during the battle commenting on the pride and ignorance of that great General that came from England He is now dead but he was a bad man when he was alive he looked upon us as dogs and would never hear anything that was said to him We often endeavored to advise him and to tell him of the danger he was in with his Soldiers but he never appeared pleased with us amp that was the reason that a great many of our Warriors left him amp would not be under his Command 2 On August 22 Kanuksusy led a delegation to the Pennsylvania state house where he met with Governor Morris and members of the provincial council as well as Andrew Montour Conrad Weiser and other intermediaries to discuss among other issues the defeat of General Edward Braddock by a combined force of French and Native Americans the previous month and efforts to enlist the aid of Indian allies During this meeting he was honored by the British for his services and received an English name from Governor Morris who stated In token of our Affection for your parents amp in expectation of Your being a useful man in these perilous Times I do in the most solemn manner adopt you by the name of Newcastle because in 1701 I am informed that your parents presented you to the late Mr William Penn at Newcastle In January 1756 while at another council meeting in Carlisle with Governor Morris he was adopted by the Iroquois as a colonial messenger and given the name Ah Knoyis 3 4 He and Teedyuscung were appointed by the Philadelphia council as official agents regarding Indian transactions for the colony on July 20 5 Living among the hostile tribes of the Upper Susquehanna for a year he acted as a messenger and spy for Governor Morris before returning to Philadelphia where he died from smallpox in November 1756 6 Further reading editHorn William Franklin The Horn Papers Early Westward Movement on the Monongahela and Upper Ohio 1765 1795 Waynesburg Pennsylvania Greene Co Historical Society 1945 Sargent Winthrop The History of an Expedition Against Fort Du Quesne in 1755 Under Major General Edward Braddock Philadelphia Lippencott Grambo amp Co 1855 Sipe Chester Hale Fort Ligonier and Its Times A History of the First English Fort West of the Allegheny Mountains Harrisburg Telegraph Press 1932 Wallace Paul A W Conrad Weiser 1696 1760 Friend of Colonist and Mohawk Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press 1945 Wallace Paul A W King of the Delawares Teedyuscung 1700 1763 Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press 1949 References edit Sipe Chester Hale The Indian Chiefs of Pennsylvania New York Arno Press amp The New York Times 1971 pg 213 ISBN 0 405 02905 5 Ward Matthew C Breaking The Backcountry The Seven Years War in Virginia and Pennsylvania 1754 1765 Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh Press 2003 pg 41 ISBN 0 8229 5865 1 Minutes of the Provincial Council of Pennsylvania From the Organization to the Termination of the Proprietary Government Harrisburg Theo Fenn amp Co 1851 pg 5 6 Merrell James Hart Into the American Woods Negotiators on the Pennsylvania Frontier New York W W Norton amp Company 1999 pg 65 66 ISBN 0 393 31976 8 Jennings Francis Empire of Fortune Crowns Colonies and Tribes in the Seven Years War in America New York W W Norton amp Company 1990 pg 254 ISBN 0 393 30640 2 Hanna Charles Augustus The Wilderness Trail Or The Ventures and Adventures of the Pennsylvania Traders on the Allegheny Path New York G P Putnam s Sons 1911 pg 79 80 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kanuksusy amp oldid 1225297913, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
