Kannada prosody (Kannada: ಕನ್ನಡ ಛಂದಸ್ಸು, romanized: Kannada Chhandassu) is the study of metres used in Kannada poetry, describing the rhythmic structure of a verse. The metres used include some metres borrowed from other traditions, and indigenous metres. Kannada literature, especially Old Kannada poetry, clearly exhibits the importance poets placed on metre. This can be seen in the number of types of metre used in Kannada poetry.
The earliest Kannada work on prosody was the Guṇagānkiyam, which has been lost. Nagavarma I wrote a fairly complete work on prosody c. 984, called Chandombudhi.[1] With a few additions by later writers, it still remains a standard work on Kannada prosody.[2]
Subdivisionsedit
Kannada metres are categorised as Amsha and Maatra (syllabic and quantitative), or as Vaidika and Laukika metres.[3]
Amsha metresedit
Amsha metres are based on Amsha or a unit consisting of short or long syllables which may be extended to modify time required to pronounce them. Amshas are named as Brahma, Vishnu and Rudra based on number of Amshas in it: 2, 3 or 4, respectively. Tripadi, Sangatya and some Amsha Shatpadi belong to Amsha metre category. Kannada vachanas and Yakshagana poems are composed in these metres. There are also Amsha Shatpadis.
Maatra metresedit
Maatra metres are based on Maatras. A Maatra is a unit of time. One Maatra is denoted as U and is called Laghu. Two Maatra is denoted as -. There are a set of rules to decide if a letter in a poem takes one or two Maatra time. Maatra Shatpadi and Ragale, for example belong to this group. Harichandra Kavya, Jaimini Bharata are poems composed in these metres.
Vaidika metresedit
Vaidika metres are based on Sanskrit Vedic metres such as Vaidika Anustup, Gayatri and Tristup etc. These are Akshara metres or syllabic metres based on number of syllables and lines.
Laukika metresedit
Laukika metres are Vaidika metres used in a more constrained manner to instill more rhythmic regularity. Anustup is an example. The Sanskrit Ramayana by Valmiki is composed in Laukika Anustup metre. There are very few poems composed in Kannada in these metres and this category is mostly of academic interest in Kannada.
Sāangatya - Siribhoovalaya, considered one of the finest mysteries of ancient Kannada literature, follows this style.
Popular adopted metresedit
Stragdara Mala
Shardula Vikridita
Mattebha Vikridita
Modern Kannada metresedit
Sarala Ragale
Modern Kannada poets use flexible metrical structure, sometimes completely neglecting rhythm patterns and focusing completely on the emotional value of lyric. These lyrics are being studied and new patterns inherent in them are being formalized.
Referencesedit
^ Ramanujapuram Narasimhachar (1988), History of Kannada literature: readership lectures, Asian Educational Services, p. 62, ISBN978-81-206-0303-5
^Edward Peter Rice (1982), A history of Kannada literature (2 ed.), Asian Educational Services, p. 33, ISBN978-81-206-0063-8
^Prof. T. V. Venkatachala Shastri, Kannada Chandaswaroopa, DVK Murthy Publication, Mysore 3rd Edition 2008 p.267-315
Booksedit
Nāga Varmā (1875), Ferdinand Kittel (ed.), Nagavarma's Canarese prosody
Ferdinand Kittel (1903), A grammar of the Kannaḍa language in English: comprising the three dialects of the language (ancient, mediaeval and modern), pp. 185–198
January 01, 1970
kannada, prosody, kannada, ಕನ, ನಡ, ದಸ, romanized, kannada, chhandassu, study, metres, used, kannada, poetry, describing, rhythmic, structure, verse, metres, used, include, some, metres, borrowed, from, other, traditions, indigenous, metres, kannada, literature. Kannada prosody Kannada ಕನ ನಡ ಛ ದಸ ಸ romanized Kannada Chhandassu is the study of metres used in Kannada poetry describing the rhythmic structure of a verse The metres used include some metres borrowed from other traditions and indigenous metres Kannada literature especially Old Kannada poetry clearly exhibits the importance poets placed on metre This can be seen in the number of types of metre used in Kannada poetry Contents 1 History 2 Subdivisions 2 1 Amsha metres 2 2 Maatra metres 2 3 Vaidika metres 2 4 Laukika metres 3 Popular indigenous metres 4 Popular adopted metres 5 Modern Kannada metres 6 References 7 BooksHistory editThe earliest Kannada work on prosody was the Guṇagankiyam which has been lost Nagavarma I wrote a fairly complete work on prosody c 984 called Chandombudhi 1 With a few additions by later writers it still remains a standard work on Kannada prosody 2 Subdivisions editKannada metres are categorised as Amsha and Maatra syllabic and quantitative or as Vaidika and Laukika metres 3 Amsha metres edit Amsha metres are based on Amsha or a unit consisting of short or long syllables which may be extended to modify time required to pronounce them Amshas are named as Brahma Vishnu and Rudra based on number of Amshas in it 2 3 or 4 respectively Tripadi Sangatya and some Amsha Shatpadi belong to Amsha metre category Kannada vachanas and Yakshagana poems are composed in these metres There are also Amsha Shatpadis Maatra metres edit Maatra metres are based on Maatras A Maatra is a unit of time One Maatra is denoted as U and is called Laghu Two Maatra is denoted as There are a set of rules to decide if a letter in a poem takes one or two Maatra time Maatra Shatpadi and Ragale for example belong to this group Harichandra Kavya Jaimini Bharata are poems composed in these metres Vaidika metres edit Vaidika metres are based on Sanskrit Vedic metres such as Vaidika Anustup Gayatri and Tristup etc These are Akshara metres or syllabic metres based on number of syllables and lines Laukika metres edit Laukika metres are Vaidika metres used in a more constrained manner to instill more rhythmic regularity Anustup is an example The Sanskrit Ramayana by Valmiki is composed in Laukika Anustup metre There are very few poems composed in Kannada in these metres and this category is mostly of academic interest in Kannada Popular indigenous metres editRagale Shatpadi Dvipadi Tripadi Chaupadi Saangatya Siribhoovalaya considered one of the finest mysteries of ancient Kannada literature follows this style Popular adopted metres editStragdara Mala Shardula Vikridita Mattebha VikriditaModern Kannada metres editSarala Ragale Modern Kannada poets use flexible metrical structure sometimes completely neglecting rhythm patterns and focusing completely on the emotional value of lyric These lyrics are being studied and new patterns inherent in them are being formalized References edit Ramanujapuram Narasimhachar 1988 History of Kannada literature readership lectures Asian Educational Services p 62 ISBN 978 81 206 0303 5 Edward Peter Rice 1982 A history of Kannada literature 2 ed Asian Educational Services p 33 ISBN 978 81 206 0063 8 Prof T V Venkatachala Shastri Kannada Chandaswaroopa DVK Murthy Publication Mysore 3rd Edition 2008 p 267 315Books editNaga Varma 1875 Ferdinand Kittel ed Nagavarma s Canarese prosody Ferdinand Kittel 1903 A grammar of the Kannaḍa language in English comprising the three dialects of the language ancient mediaeval and modern pp 185 198 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kannada prosody amp oldid 1197296563, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
