The Kangal Shepherd Dog, Turkish: Kangal Çoban Köpeği, is a traditional Turkish breed of large livestock guardian dog.[2] The breed name derives from that of the town and district of Kangal in Sivas Province, the easternmost province of the Central Anatolia Region in central Turkey. The coat colour varies from pale fawn to wolf grey, always with a black mask.
It is a traditional flock guardian dog, kept with flocks of sheep to fend off predators of all sizes, including wolves, lynx, snow leopards and jackals.[3] It is thought to have the most powerful bite of all domestic dogs.[4]
Some have been exported to African countries such as Namibia and Kenya[5][6] where they successfully protect local herds from lions, cheetahs and similar indigenous big cats.[7]
The Kangal is a traditional working breed of Central Anatolia. The name derives from that of the town and district of Kangal in Sivas Province, the easternmost province of the Central Anatolia Region.[8] The Kangal has been used by shepherds for protection against wolves and other predators for centuries. A DNA study found that the dogs of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan are genetically closest to Kangal dogs, and the researchers propose that the breed may have been brought from Central Asia by the nomadic Turks.[9]
The Kennel Club of the United Kingdom recognised the Turkish Kangal Dog with effect from April 2013, and provisional breed standard was published early in that year; owners of dogs registered as Anatolian Shepherd Dogs could apply for them to be re-registered under the new name.[11][12][13]
Around 300 of the dogs have been given to farmers in Namibia since 1994 by the Cheetah Conservation Fund to help protect livestock from cheetah attacks, and the programme has been extended to Kenya.[14] Since then, the number of cheetahs killed by farmers is calculated to have fallen from 19 per farmer annually to 2.4. Livestock losses have been cut significantly at more than 80% of the farms where the dogs have been adopted. The great majority of cheetahs that are still killed by farmers are killed after specific attacks on livestock. Previously, the cats were tracked and killed whenever they neared a farm.
Anatolian Shepherd
Anatolian Shepherd Dog is the name used in the United States to describe dogs descended from regional Turkish livestock guardian dogs, particularly the Kangal but also the Akbash, from the late 1960s.[15] In 1967 a US Navy Lieutenant who was stationed in Turkey, Robert Ballard, acquired two working livestock guardians Zorba and Peki, from breeders in the Ankara region, Zorba was a long-coated pinto-colored dog and Peki a short-coated buff-colored bitch.[15][16] In the late 1960s Ballard returned to the United States and took his dogs with him and in 1970 the pair bred their first litter, becoming the foundation stock of the breed in the United States. A breed club was quickly formed and further examples were imported from Turkey.[15] In developing the breed, the American enthusiasts acted without understanding of regional Turkish varieties of shepherd's dogs, with the result that the American dogs could be bred with various coat lengths, colors and color patterns whilst in Turkey the different breeds breed more true to a set coat type.[15] This was further exacerbated by most of these dogs being sourced in the intermediate zone between the main breeding centers of the Akbash and the Kangal, where examples of both types can be found.[15] Anatolian Shepherd is a mixed dog breed of all Turkish livestock guardian dogs. In subsequent years animosity developed between American breeders, who insisted their dogs were the true Turkish shepherd's dog, and Turkish breeders who believed, and stated, they were an amalgam of various Turkish breeds.[15] Insults and counter-insults were exchanged with American breeders accusing the Turks of marketing dogs of dubious ancestry as independent breeds and the Turks stating the Americans were breeding crossbred dogs.[15] The name Anatolian Shepherd Dog is unknown in Turkey and the breed is sometimes described as having the Turkish name of Çoban Köpeği which means 'shepherd's dog', or livestock guardian dog.[15][17] Since the 1980s Americans have almost exclusively imported Kangals and the Anatolian has increasingly conformed to that breed type. Despite this pups of mixed appearance are still whelped and Turkish authorities still refuse to recognise Anatolians as a purebred Turkish breed.[15]
Characteristics
Dogs usually stand between 72 and 78 cm (28 and 31 in) at the withers, bitches between 65 and 73 cm (26 and 29 in), with a 2-centimetre (1 in) tolerance either way for both sexes.[18][19]
The Kangal Shepherd Dog is not as heavy as some other Mastiff breeds, allowing it greater speed and agility than larger dogs. Kangal Shepherd Dogs can reach speeds of up to 56 km/h (35 mph).[20] The under-layer provides insulation against both severe Anatolian winters and the fierce summer sun, while the outer-layer repels water and snow. This combination of coat allows it to regulate its core temperature more efficiently, while the coat is dense enough to repel rupture from wolf bites.[20]
Use
When suspicious, a Kangal Shepherd Dog will stand with its tail and ears erect and give an alarm call, inciting the sheep to gather around it for protection. The Kangal Shepherd Dog's first instinct is to place itself between the perceived threat and the sheep or master. Once the sheep are safely behind it, the Kangal Shepherd Dog confronts the intruder. When faced with a wolf, the Kangal Shepherd Dog sometimes is successful in intimidating the enemy, but it will resort to a physical confrontation if the predator stands its ground.[20]
With cropped ears
Flock guardian
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kangal Çoban Köpeği.
^Turkish Kangal Dog. London: The Kennel Club. Accessed August 2022.
^Orhan., Yilmaz (2007). The Turkish kangal (karabash) shepherd dog : the national dog of Turkey. Impress Printing Co. ISBN978-975-92133-7-4. OCLC 874356597.
^"US researchers hope more assertive, foreign dog breeds can protect livestock from wolves and bears". Pri.org. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
^Ellis, Jennifer Lynn; Thomason, Jeffrey; Kebreab, Ermias; Zubair, Kasim; France, James (March 2009). "Cranial dimensions and forces of biting in the domestic dog". Journal of Anatomy. 214 (3): 362–373. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01042.x. ISSN 0021-8782. PMC2673787. PMID 19245503.
^"Guard dogs save Namibian cheetahs". BBC News. 31 December 2008. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
^Waldo (16 November 2013). "Namibia: Cheetah Fund Sends Kangal Dogs to Tanzania". Allafrica.com. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
^. 20 April 2015. Archived from the original on 20 April 2015.
^Wilson, R. T.; Yilmaz, O. (10 October 2013). "The domestic livestock resources of Turkey: Notes on rabbits and a review of the literature". Archives Animal Breeding. 56 (1): 18–27. doi:10.7482/0003-9438-56-003. ISSN 2363-9822.
^Koban, Evren; Saraç, Çiğdem Gökçek; Açan, Sinan Can; Sovalainen, Peter; Togan, Inci (2009). "Genetic relationship between Kangal, Akbash and other dog populations". Discrete Applied Mathematics. 157 (10): 2335–2340. doi:10.1016/j.dam.2008.06.040. hdl:11511/28384.
^. Dog World. Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2012.
^. Kennel Club. Archived from the original on 11 October 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2012.
^"Turkish Kangal Dog; proposed interim standard". The Kennel Club. Archived from the original on 23 April 2013. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
^Smith, Lewis (26 December 2008). "How mans best friend is saving endangered big cat". The Times. London. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
^ abcdefghiMorris, Desmond (2001). Dogs: the ultimate dictionary of over 1,000 dog breeds. North Pomfret, VT: Trafalgar Square Publishing. pp. 393–396. ISBN1-57076-219-8.
^Wilcox, Bonnie; Walkowicz, Chris (1995). Atlas of dog breeds of the world. Neptune City, N.J.: TFH Publications. pp. 123–124.
^Yilmaz, Orhan (2007). Turkish kangal (Karabash) shepherd dog. Ankara: Impress Printing Comp. pp. 11–12.
^Kangal Çoban Köpeği (in Turkish). Köpek Irkları ve Kinoloji Federasyonu = Turkish Kennel Club. Accessed September 2022.
^ abc"The Kangal Dog of Turkey". Retrieved 29 December 2010.
February 07, 2023
kangal, shepherd, turkish, kangal, çoban, köpeği, traditional, turkish, breed, large, livestock, guardian, breed, name, derives, from, that, town, district, kangal, sivas, province, easternmost, province, central, anatolia, region, central, turkey, coat, colou. The Kangal Shepherd Dog Turkish Kangal Coban Kopegi is a traditional Turkish breed of large livestock guardian dog 2 The breed name derives from that of the town and district of Kangal in Sivas Province the easternmost province of the Central Anatolia Region in central Turkey The coat colour varies from pale fawn to wolf grey always with a black mask Kangal Shepherd DogOther namesKangal Shepherd DogKangal Coban KopegiAssyrian Kangal DogAnatolian Shepherd Dog disputed 1 OriginTurkeyTraitsHeightDogs70 80 cm 28 31 in Bitches63 75 cm 25 30 in WeightDogs48 60 kg 105 130 lb Bitches40 50 kg 90 110 lb Coatthick dense usually short double coat 3 7 cm 1 3 in longColourfawn to wolf sable with black maskKennel club standardsKIF Cynology Federation Of Turkey standardFederation Cynologique InternationalestandardDog domestic dog It is a traditional flock guardian dog kept with flocks of sheep to fend off predators of all sizes including wolves lynx snow leopards and jackals 3 It is thought to have the most powerful bite of all domestic dogs 4 Some have been exported to African countries such as Namibia and Kenya 5 6 where they successfully protect local herds from lions cheetahs and similar indigenous big cats 7 Contents 1 History 1 1 Anatolian Shepherd 2 Characteristics 3 Use 4 ReferencesHistory Edit Kangal Shepherds Wearing a spiked wolf collar The Kangal is a traditional working breed of Central Anatolia The name derives from that of the town and district of Kangal in Sivas Province the easternmost province of the Central Anatolia Region 8 The Kangal has been used by shepherds for protection against wolves and other predators for centuries A DNA study found that the dogs of Kazakhstan Uzbekistan Tajikistan and Afghanistan are genetically closest to Kangal dogs and the researchers propose that the breed may have been brought from Central Asia by the nomadic Turks 9 The Kangal was definitively accepted by the Federation Cynologique Internationale in 1989 the most recent breed standard was published in 2018 10 The Kennel Club of the United Kingdom recognised the Turkish Kangal Dog with effect from April 2013 and provisional breed standard was published early in that year owners of dogs registered as Anatolian Shepherd Dogs could apply for them to be re registered under the new name 11 12 13 Around 300 of the dogs have been given to farmers in Namibia since 1994 by the Cheetah Conservation Fund to help protect livestock from cheetah attacks and the programme has been extended to Kenya 14 Since then the number of cheetahs killed by farmers is calculated to have fallen from 19 per farmer annually to 2 4 Livestock losses have been cut significantly at more than 80 of the farms where the dogs have been adopted The great majority of cheetahs that are still killed by farmers are killed after specific attacks on livestock Previously the cats were tracked and killed whenever they neared a farm Anatolian Shepherd Edit Anatolian Shepherd Dog is the name used in the United States to describe dogs descended from regional Turkish livestock guardian dogs particularly the Kangal but also the Akbash from the late 1960s 15 In 1967 a US Navy Lieutenant who was stationed in Turkey Robert Ballard acquired two working livestock guardians Zorba and Peki from breeders in the Ankara region Zorba was a long coated pinto colored dog and Peki a short coated buff colored bitch 15 16 In the late 1960s Ballard returned to the United States and took his dogs with him and in 1970 the pair bred their first litter becoming the foundation stock of the breed in the United States A breed club was quickly formed and further examples were imported from Turkey 15 In developing the breed the American enthusiasts acted without understanding of regional Turkish varieties of shepherd s dogs with the result that the American dogs could be bred with various coat lengths colors and color patterns whilst in Turkey the different breeds breed more true to a set coat type 15 This was further exacerbated by most of these dogs being sourced in the intermediate zone between the main breeding centers of the Akbash and the Kangal where examples of both types can be found 15 Anatolian Shepherd is a mixed dog breed of all Turkish livestock guardian dogs In subsequent years animosity developed between American breeders who insisted their dogs were the true Turkish shepherd s dog and Turkish breeders who believed and stated they were an amalgam of various Turkish breeds 15 Insults and counter insults were exchanged with American breeders accusing the Turks of marketing dogs of dubious ancestry as independent breeds and the Turks stating the Americans were breeding crossbred dogs 15 The name Anatolian Shepherd Dog is unknown in Turkey and the breed is sometimes described as having the Turkish name of Coban Kopegi which means shepherd s dog or livestock guardian dog 15 17 Since the 1980s Americans have almost exclusively imported Kangals and the Anatolian has increasingly conformed to that breed type Despite this pups of mixed appearance are still whelped and Turkish authorities still refuse to recognise Anatolians as a purebred Turkish breed 15 Characteristics EditDogs usually stand between 72 and 78 cm 28 and 31 in at the withers bitches between 65 and 73 cm 26 and 29 in with a 2 centimetre 1 in tolerance either way for both sexes 18 19 The Kangal Shepherd Dog is not as heavy as some other Mastiff breeds allowing it greater speed and agility than larger dogs Kangal Shepherd Dogs can reach speeds of up to 56 km h 35 mph 20 The under layer provides insulation against both severe Anatolian winters and the fierce summer sun while the outer layer repels water and snow This combination of coat allows it to regulate its core temperature more efficiently while the coat is dense enough to repel rupture from wolf bites 20 Use EditWhen suspicious a Kangal Shepherd Dog will stand with its tail and ears erect and give an alarm call inciting the sheep to gather around it for protection The Kangal Shepherd Dog s first instinct is to place itself between the perceived threat and the sheep or master Once the sheep are safely behind it the Kangal Shepherd Dog confronts the intruder When faced with a wolf the Kangal Shepherd Dog sometimes is successful in intimidating the enemy but it will resort to a physical confrontation if the predator stands its ground 20 With cropped ears Flock guardianReferences Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kangal Coban Kopegi Turkish Kangal Dog London The Kennel Club Accessed August 2022 Orhan Yilmaz 2007 The Turkish kangal karabash shepherd dog the national dog of Turkey Impress Printing Co ISBN 978 975 92133 7 4 OCLC 874356597 US researchers hope more assertive foreign dog breeds can protect livestock from wolves and bears Pri org Retrieved 11 December 2017 Ellis Jennifer Lynn Thomason Jeffrey Kebreab Ermias Zubair Kasim France James March 2009 Cranial dimensions and forces of biting in the domestic dog Journal of Anatomy 214 3 362 373 doi 10 1111 j 1469 7580 2008 01042 x ISSN 0021 8782 PMC 2673787 PMID 19245503 Guard dogs save Namibian cheetahs BBC News 31 December 2008 Retrieved 11 December 2017 Waldo 16 November 2013 Namibia Cheetah Fund Sends Kangal Dogs to Tanzania Allafrica com Retrieved 11 December 2017 Kangal Dogs Save Cheetahs From Extinction In Africa 20 April 2015 Archived from the original on 20 April 2015 Wilson R T Yilmaz O 10 October 2013 The domestic livestock resources of Turkey Notes on rabbits and a review of the literature Archives Animal Breeding 56 1 18 27 doi 10 7482 0003 9438 56 003 ISSN 2363 9822 Koban Evren Sarac Cigdem Gokcek Acan Sinan Can Sovalainen Peter Togan Inci 2009 Genetic relationship between Kangal Akbash and other dog populations Discrete Applied Mathematics 157 10 2335 2340 doi 10 1016 j dam 2008 06 040 hdl 11511 28384 FCI breeds nomenclature Kangal Coban Kopegi 331 Federation Cynologique Internationale Accessed January 2023 KC to recognise the Turkish Kangal Dog Dog World Archived from the original on 31 December 2013 Retrieved 4 October 2012 Recognition of the Turkish Kangal dog Kennel Club Archived from the original on 11 October 2012 Retrieved 4 October 2012 Turkish Kangal Dog proposed interim standard The Kennel Club Archived from the original on 23 April 2013 Retrieved 19 January 2013 Smith Lewis 26 December 2008 How mans best friend is saving endangered big cat The Times London Retrieved 16 June 2021 a b c d e f g h i Morris Desmond 2001 Dogs the ultimate dictionary of over 1 000 dog breeds North Pomfret VT Trafalgar Square Publishing pp 393 396 ISBN 1 57076 219 8 Wilcox Bonnie Walkowicz Chris 1995 Atlas of dog breeds of the world Neptune City N J TFH Publications pp 123 124 Yilmaz Orhan 2007 Turkish kangal Karabash shepherd dog Ankara Impress Printing Comp pp 11 12 FCI Standard N 331 Kangal Coban Kopegi Kangal Shepherd Dog Federation Cynologique Internationale Accessed September 2022 Kangal Coban Kopegi in Turkish Kopek Irklari ve Kinoloji Federasyonu Turkish Kennel Club Accessed September 2022 a b c The Kangal Dog of Turkey Retrieved 29 December 2010 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kangal Shepherd Dog amp oldid 1137904345, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
