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Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project

May 18, 2023

The Kaladan Road Project[1] is a US$484 million project connecting the eastern Indian seaport of Kolkata with Sittwe seaport in Rakhine State, Myanmar by sea. In Myanmar, it will then link Sittwe seaport to Paletwa in Chin State via the Kaladan river boat route, and then from Paletwa by road to Mizoram state in Northeast India. All components of the project, including Sittwe port and power, river dredging, Paletwa jetty, have been completed,[2][3] except the under construction Zorinpui-Paletwa road.[4] Originally, the project was scheduled to be completed by 2014, but end-to-end project is expected to be fully operational only by March 2023 as per March 2021 update.[4]

Route map of the transport project

The route of the project around Paletwa and along the Kaladan river is troubled with Chin conflict, Rohingya conflict and militant groups such as Arakan Army and Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA).[5][6] Among these the ARSA, created by Pakistan's Lashkar-e-Toiba and has links with Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen in Bangladesh and the Indian Mujahideen in India,[7] was behind the mass killing of Hindu Burmese Indians in the Kha Maung Seik massacre.[8][9]

Paletwa is less than 20 km (12 mi) from the Bangladesh border.

History

This project will reduce distance from Kolkata to Sittwe by approximately 1,328 km (825 mi) and will reduce the need to transport goods through the narrow Siliguri corridor, also known as Chicken's Neck.

Initially India had tried to persuade Bangladesh to offer transport and transit rights to the northeastern states.[10] However, Bangladesh has consistently refused to grant such rights, including access to its Chittagong port, which is less than 200 km (120 mi) away from Agartala, the capital of Tripura.[11]

The project is being piloted and funded by the Ministry of External Affairs (India). The preliminary feasibility studies were carried out by Rail India Technical and Economic Services (RITES). Construction work on Sittwe port and the boat jetty in Paletwa, as well as the dredging work, will be executed by the Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI), with Essar Projects Ltd, a division of the Essar Group appointed in May 2010 as the main contractor.[12]

Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project initially faced problems such as underestimation of the road length in Myanmar and plans to construct hydro-electric projects — Chhimtuipui River and Lungleng River — on two tributaries of the Kaladan River followed by another project downstream. That the first two projects are being built by one public sector undertaking and the third is being constructed by another PSU (Public Sector Unit) has also led to coordination issues. Due to construction of this hydro electrical projects, navigation of boats could be effected.[13]

In April 2017, the Sittwe port and IWT Paletwa jetty were ready and operational.[14] In April 2017, India handed over the operation of completed Sittwe port and Inland Water Terminal at Paletwa to Myanmar. In June 2017, India handed six gas tanker cargo vessels worth US$81.29 million (K110.08 billion) to the Myanmar government to transport gas to north-east India via Manipur. Work on the port in Sittwe and the IWT in Paletwa, Chin State, is in its final stages, and the six cargo vessels are meant to facilitate transportation of goods from Sittwe to Paletwa. The $81.29 million cost of the vessels was met through a grant from India. The construction work was assigned to IWT in October 2012, the keels were laid in March 2013 and the vessels were launched between April and December 2016. On completion of the tests and trials at Yangon, the vessels reached Sittwe in March 2017. Acceptance trials were completed in April 2017 in Sittwe.[14]

In June 2017, after several upward budget revisions and troubles in finding contractors, the INR1,600-crore (US$250 million) contract has been finally awarded to an Indian company C&C construction for building 109-km road connecting IWT Paletwa river terminal to Zorinpui in Mizoram border. The contractor would open offices at Sittwe, Paletwa and Yangon in Myanmar, mobilise men and machine during the monsoon and start construction after the monsoon in October.[15]

Route

Sea–river–road route

The project has several sections combining multi-modes of transport:[16]

  • Kolkata-Sittwe shipping route - 539 km (335 mi) from seaport of Kolkata in India to Sittwe seaport in Myanmar via Bay of Bengal. This sea route has been operational for several decades. Port upgrade, from 20,000 ton vessels to 40,000 ton capacity vessels, has been completed.
  • Sittwe seaport to Paletwa inland jettyriver boat route - 158 km (98 mi)' from Sittwe seaport to Inland Water Terminal (IWT) and hydro power project at Paletwa jetty via Kaladan river in Myanmar. River dredging and jetty upgrade completed in June 2017.[15][17] There is at least one river lock for navigation.[18] Six barges of 300 ton capacity each were handed over to Myanmar by the government of India.[19] Completed.[2]
    Sittwe Special Economic Zone at Ponnagyun town 60 kilometres (37 mi) north from Sittwe upstream of Kaladan River at Ponnagyun town is being built by India on 1000 acres.[20][15]
  • Paletwa inland jetty to Zorinpui road route in Myanmar - 62 km (39 mi) two-lane in each direction (4 lanes total) road route from IWT Paletwa to Zochawchhuah(India)–Zorinpui (Myanmar) at Indo-Myanmar border in Myanmar. Construction contract of INR1600 crore (16 billion) was awarded to Ircon in June 2017,[15][21] and construction commenced in April 2018,[22] after all the necessary approvals were granted by the Myanmar govt in January 2018.[21] Integrated Customs & Immigration Checkpost at Zochawchhuah-Zorinpui has been operational since 2017. Tender for the road upgrade was awarded in 2017, currently under-construction and to be completed by March 2023 as per March 2021 update.[2][4]
  • Zorinpui to Aizawl road route in India - 110 km (68 mi) from Indo-Myanmar border at Zorinpui to Aizawl. From Aizawl it connect to Aizawl-Saiha National Highway at Lawngtlai in Mizoram, India by road on National Highway 54 (India) (NH-54), which then continues further to Dabaka in Assam via 850 km (530 mi) long NH-54 which in turn is part of the larger East–West Corridor connecting North East India with the rest of India.[23] Almost complete (June 2017).[15] Awarded, upgrade to this national highway is under-construction and to be completed by March 2023. as per March 2021 update.[4]
    In June 2017, 90 km (56 mi) 2-lane route from Indo-Myanmar border at Zochawchhuah-Zorinpui to Tuipang is almost complete. From Tuipang, the national highway is being further upgraded from 2-lane to all-weather 4-lane from NH 54 Lawngtlai to Aizawl in Mizoram.[15] INR6000 crore (60 billion) was approved to further improve this Zochawchhuah–Zorinpui–Aizawl national highway.[21] Siaha–Zochawchhuah–Zorinpui missing section of the highway was under construction (April 2018).[21] Lomasu to Lawngtlai is a two-lane highway in each direction (total four lanes) and Lawngtlai to Aizawl–Guwahati national highway is being widened to 4 lanes in each direction (total 8 lanes).[24]

Complementary railway route

This railway route will complement the river–road route of this project in Myanmar-Mizoram:

  • Kyaukhtu–Zorinpui in Myanmar, 200 km (120 mi) – planned but not yet surveyed: India has future yet-unapproved plans to fund and construct this missing link.
  • Zochawchhuah (Zorinpui)–Sairang railway in India, 375 km (233 mi) – being surveyed since Aug-2017: Survey for the rail line from Sairang (Aizawl) to Hmawngbuchhuah on border near Zochawchhuah–Zorinpui was completed in August 2017 and it will be constructed in future phase.[26]

Other projects – alternate route to northeast India

Compared to the 1,880 km (1,170 mi) long, congested "Chicken's Neck" Siliguri Corridor, this Kaladan project will almost half the distance to a mere 950 km (590 mi). As an alternate route (unrelated to the Kaladan Multi-Modal project) to northeast India, India is also developing railway route from Cox's Bazar deep water port to South Tripura district by rehabilitating the railway link from Santirbazar in India to Feni in Bangladesh, where a road and rail bridge is being built to connect the "Belonia, India–Parshuram, Bangladesh road and rail crossing checkposts", this will reduce traffic through Sittwe, but will provide strategically redundancy if there is a war with China.[27]

Travel arrangements

Zorinpui border crossing and visa arrangements

Integrated Customs & Immigration Checkpost at Zorinpui in Lawngtlai district, is already operational since 2017.[28] In early 2018, visa agreement were signed for the citizens of two nations to travel by road for education, medical assistance, tourism and other purposes.[29][2] This agreement was operationalised on 9 August 2018.[22] Indians and Myanma citizens with valid passport and visa can pass through two official Land Border Crossings at Moreh in Manipur (Tamu in Sagaing Region of Myanmar) and Zokhawthar in Mizoram (Rihkhawdar in Chin State of Myanmar).[22]

Motor Vehicle Agreement

In 2015, India proposed a trilateral Motor Vehicle Agreement to facilitate seamless movement of passenger and cargo vehicles among the three countries.[30] In May 2017, during a visit by Thai officials to Manipur, the state's Chief Secretary Oinam Nabakishore declared that the draft of the trilateral agreement had already been prepared.[31][32] As of May 2018, the signing of Motor vehicle agreement is still pending.[2]

Related projects

Myanmar is key part of India's "Look East" policy and Kaladan project has enabled several other associated projects with ongoing development of growing list of integrated linkages.

Commerce and trade

Sittwe Special Economic Zone

Sittwe Special Economic Zone (Sittwe SEZ) at Ponnagyun town was announced by India's Union Minister of State for External Affairs V K Singh at the India-ASEAN Foreign Ministers meet at Laos in August 2016. The 1000 acre SEZ will be built 60 kilometres (37 mi) north from Sittwe upstream of Kaladan River at Ponnagyun town. China is building a rival Kyaukpyu Special Economic Zone and port 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of Sittwe. [20][15]

Energy

Thathay Chaung Hydropower Project

Thathay Chaung Hydropower Project(TCHP) is an 1800 megawatt, two dam project being built and financed by India on Chindwin River in Rakhine State of Myanmar, a 1,200 megawatt dam at Thamanthi (Manthi) and 600 megawatt dam at Shwejaye. The electricity produced will be supplied to Manipur state of India.[33]


Sittwe–Gaya gas pipeline

There is also to a proposal to build 1,575 km (979 mi) long Sittwe–Aizawl–Silchar–Guwahati–Siliguri–Gaya gas pipeline to transport gas from Sittwe gas field where ONGC and GAIL hold 30 percent stake in oil and gas exploration.[33]

Highways

Agartala–Feni–Chittagong Highway

Indian has decided to build an INR130 crore (US$20 million) bridge over the Feni River at the Tripura-Bangladesh border to connect the existing NH8 Agartala–Sabroom on Indian side to Chittagong port in Bangladesh 80 km (50 mi) from South Tripura. In February 2017, the project was in tendering stage.[34]

Aizawl–Tuipang National Highway 4-laning

In June 2017, to ensure faster movement of goods between Sittwe and Mizoram capital of Aizawl in the North West which is close to the Barak Valley of Assam, India started an INR6,000-crore upgrade of current 2-lane 300 km (190 mi) Aizawl–Tuipang national highway to all-weather four-laning of international standard, the tender will be floated in September and construction contract will be awarded by December 2017 after the ongoing land acquisition is complete.[15] The upgrade of 52-km long road from Tuipang to Myanmar border, from 2-lane to all-weather 4-lane highway, is also included in this 352 km (219 mi) long National Highways & Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (NHIDCL) project.[35]

India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway

Main article: India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway

The India–Myanmar–Thailand (IMT) Trilateral Highway (Friendship Highway) is a highway under construction that will connect Moreh, India with Mae Sot, Thailand via Myanmar.[36] The road is expected to boost trade and commerce in the ASEAN–India Free Trade Area, as well as with the rest of Southeast Asia. India has also proposed extending the highway to Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.[37] The proposed approx 3,200 km (2,000 mi) route from India to Vietnam is known as the East-West Economic Corridor (EWEC).[38]

Paletwa–Cikha–India Highway

Paletwa–Cikha–India Highway Project is a INR 20 billion (US$315 million) 645 km (401 mi) long under construction Paletwa–Cikha road highway in Chin State of Myanmar, which will also be connected to the Indian border on two places, Paletwa to NH502 Zochachhuah border village[39] of Lawngtlai district in south-most Mizoram (main road route of Kaladan Multi-modal Transit Transport project) and at Khenman (Myanmar) to NH102B Behiang border village of Churachandpur district in southernmost Manipur. On 21 April 2016, Chin State Chief Minister Pu Lian Luai in Myanmar informed that the project is funded by Indian government, which will connect Paletwa in southern Chin state to Cikha (also misspelt as Chikha in Indian media) sub-town in northern Chin state. New roads will also be built to connect the Paletwa-Chikha highway to villages and towns in Chin state.[40]

Zokhawthar–Rihkhawdar–Kalemyo Highway

India–Myanmar Zokhawthar–Rihkhawdar–Kalemyo Highway will provide second connection to the India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway (IMT), between NH102B Zokhawthar Indian border village of Champhai district in east Mizoram to Rihkhawdar border town in Myanmar, connecting it to IMT 120 km (75 mi) away at Kalemyo,[34] where it will connect to the IMT at Kalemyo.[22]

Railway

Bairabi-Sairang-Hmawngbuchhuah railway

Main article: Bairabi Sairang Railway

Indian Railways has already converted to broad gauge the current 84 km (52 mi) rail line from Katakhal (Assam) to Bairabi 2 km (1.2 mi) inside Mizoram. Its further 51.38 km (31.93 mi) Bairabi Sairang Railway extension from Bairabi to Sairang (20 km (12 mi) north of Aizawl) in Mizoram is under construction with target completion date of March 2019 as per status update in March 2016. In August 2015, India railway completed a survey for a possible new route extension from Sairang to Hmawngbuchhuah[41] on Mizoram's southern tip on the border of Myanmar, where at nearby Zochachhuah[39] village the National Highway 502 (part of Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project) enters Myanmar, leaving a possibility open for yet-unplanned future rail connections to Paletwa.[42][43]

See also

Nearby major port projects
Regional projects

References

  1. ^ Purushothaman, Vakkom. . The Northeast Times. Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2012.
  2. ^ a b c d e Still under construction, The Statesman, 13 May 2018.
  3. ^ India starts construction of ₹1,600-cr Mizoram-Myanmar Kaladan road, Business Line, 17 April 2018.
  4. ^ a b c d 110-km road is final challenge for long-delayed India-Myanmar Kaladan connectivity project, The Print, 29 March, 2021.
  5. ^ Buddhist refugees in Mizoram begin journey back to Myanmar, but unconfirmed tales of horror keep them on edge, First Post
  6. ^ NE Displaced people, The Wire.
  7. ^ Myanmar calling, The Telegraph
  8. ^ Naing, wa Lone, Shoon (25 September 2017). "Myanmar says bodies of 28 Hindu villagers found in Rakhine State" – via www.reuters.com.
  9. ^ "Myanmar: New evidence reveals Rohingya armed group massacred scores in Rakhine State". www.amnesty.org.
  10. ^ Egreteau, Renaud (2011). "A Passage to Burma? India, Development and Democratization in Myanmar". Contemporary Politics. 17 (4): 467–486. doi:10.1080/13569775.2011.619771. S2CID 153496597.
  11. ^ Phukan, Papori. "Kaladan Multi-Modal Project In Myanmar". Manipur Online. Retrieved 11 August 2012.
  12. ^ . Arakan Rivers. Archived from the original on 29 May 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2012.
  13. ^ Dikshit, Sandeep. "India-Myanmar transport project hits roadblock". The Hindu. Retrieved 11 August 2012.
  14. ^ a b vessels handed over to Myanmar by India, Mizzima, 2 June 2017.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h India awards road contract to complete Kaladan project in Myanmar, Business Line, 9 June 2017.
  16. ^ Multi-modal project introduction
  17. ^ "India ramps up Myanmar ties to gain foothold in ASEAN". The Myanmar Times. 15 May 2018.
  18. ^ India's connectivity to Myanmar.
  19. ^ Delay in Kaladan project, Business Standard, 2018.
  20. ^ a b "India planning to set up SEZ in Myanmar's Sittwe", The Economic Times, 2 August 2016.
  21. ^ a b c d Mizoram to get connected with Sittwe port.
  22. ^ a b c d Road to Mandalay Indian Express, June 2018.
  23. ^ . Archived from the original on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
  24. ^ India appoints post operator, Irrawaddy
  25. ^ Myanmar in China’s Push into the Indian Ocean, Joshy M Paul, March 14, 2016, retrieved 20 January 2017
  26. ^ India's north east opened up, PowerUpConstruction.Com
  27. ^ As Smart as Sittwe: Going North-East by South-East, First Post, 2019.
  28. ^ India opens two border crossing points with Myanmar, Bangladesh, Times of India, 1 Oct 2o17.
  29. ^ India ramps up Myanmar ties to gain foothold in ASEAN, Myanmar Times, May 2018.
  30. ^ "Plea for Motor vehicle agrement [sic] between India and Myanmar". The Economic Times. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
  31. ^ "Thailand Envoy Visits Manipur". Northeast Today. 28 May 2017. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  32. ^ "Thai delegation visits Manipur". www.easternmirrornagaland.com. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  33. ^ a b Alexis Rieffel, 2010, "Myanmar/Burma: Inside Challenges, Outside Interests", Brookings Institution Press, pp139, ISBN 0815705069.
  34. ^ a b 7,500-crore road network to boost North-East economy, The Hindu, 24 February 2017.
  35. ^ New Mizoram–Myanmar 352 Km national highway all set to boost trade and economy in the region, The North East Today, 21 August 2017.
  36. ^ "All you want to know about Delhi to Bangkok Road Trip–Myths & Reality". Tripoto. 11 September 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
  37. ^ . www.telegraphindia.com. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016.
  38. ^ "Myanmar Road Project Hooks 1.8 Billion Baht From Thailand". The Irrawaddy. 2 February 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  39. ^ a b "Google Maps". Google Maps.
  40. ^ Construction of Chikha to Paletwa Highway a priority, Mizzima, April 2016
  41. ^ "Hmawngbuchhuah · Mizoram 796891, India". Hmawngbuchhuah · Mizoram 796891, India.
  42. ^ "Massive push to railway infrastructure under way in Northeast". 22 July 2016.
  43. ^ "Sanctioned in 2000, broad-gauge train reaches Mizoram after 16 years". 21 March 2016.

External links

  • Detailed report on Kaladan Project: Project Description with Analysis of Positive and Negative Impact

May 18, 2023
kaladan, multi, modal, transit, transport, project, kaladan, road, project, million, project, connecting, eastern, indian, seaport, kolkata, with, sittwe, seaport, rakhine, state, myanmar, myanmar, will, then, link, sittwe, seaport, paletwa, chin, state, kalad. The Kaladan Road Project 1 is a US 484 million project connecting the eastern Indian seaport of Kolkata with Sittwe seaport in Rakhine State Myanmar by sea In Myanmar it will then link Sittwe seaport to Paletwa in Chin State via the Kaladan river boat route and then from Paletwa by road to Mizoram state in Northeast India All components of the project including Sittwe port and power river dredging Paletwa jetty have been completed 2 3 except the under construction Zorinpui Paletwa road 4 Originally the project was scheduled to be completed by 2014 but end to end project is expected to be fully operational only by March 2023 as per March 2021 update 4 Route map of the transport project The route of the project around Paletwa and along the Kaladan river is troubled with Chin conflict Rohingya conflict and militant groups such as Arakan Army and Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army ARSA 5 6 Among these the ARSA created by Pakistan s Lashkar e Toiba and has links with Jamaat ul Mujahideen in Bangladesh and the Indian Mujahideen in India 7 was behind the mass killing of Hindu Burmese Indians in the Kha Maung Seik massacre 8 9 Paletwa is less than 20 km 12 mi from the Bangladesh border Contents 1 History 2 Route 2 1 Sea river road route 2 2 Complementary railway route 2 3 Other projects alternate route to northeast India 3 Travel arrangements 3 1 Zorinpui border crossing and visa arrangements 3 2 Motor Vehicle Agreement 4 Related projects 4 1 Commerce and trade 4 1 1 Sittwe Special Economic Zone 4 2 Energy 4 2 1 Thathay Chaung Hydropower Project 4 2 2 Sittwe Gaya gas pipeline 4 3 Highways 4 3 1 Agartala Feni Chittagong Highway 4 3 2 Aizawl Tuipang National Highway 4 laning 4 3 3 India Myanmar Thailand Trilateral Highway 4 3 4 Paletwa Cikha India Highway 4 3 5 Zokhawthar Rihkhawdar Kalemyo Highway 4 4 Railway 4 4 1 Bairabi Sairang Hmawngbuchhuah railway 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory EditThis project will reduce distance from Kolkata to Sittwe by approximately 1 328 km 825 mi and will reduce the need to transport goods through the narrow Siliguri corridor also known as Chicken s Neck Initially India had tried to persuade Bangladesh to offer transport and transit rights to the northeastern states 10 However Bangladesh has consistently refused to grant such rights including access to its Chittagong port which is less than 200 km 120 mi away from Agartala the capital of Tripura 11 The project is being piloted and funded by the Ministry of External Affairs India The preliminary feasibility studies were carried out by Rail India Technical and Economic Services RITES Construction work on Sittwe port and the boat jetty in Paletwa as well as the dredging work will be executed by the Inland Waterways Authority of India IWAI with Essar Projects Ltd a division of the Essar Group appointed in May 2010 as the main contractor 12 Kaladan Multi Modal Transit Transport Project initially faced problems such as underestimation of the road length in Myanmar and plans to construct hydro electric projects Chhimtuipui River and Lungleng River on two tributaries of the Kaladan River followed by another project downstream That the first two projects are being built by one public sector undertaking and the third is being constructed by another PSU Public Sector Unit has also led to coordination issues Due to construction of this hydro electrical projects navigation of boats could be effected 13 In April 2017 the Sittwe port and IWT Paletwa jetty were ready and operational 14 In April 2017 India handed over the operation of completed Sittwe port and Inland Water Terminal at Paletwa to Myanmar In June 2017 India handed six gas tanker cargo vessels worth US 81 29 million K110 08 billion to the Myanmar government to transport gas to north east India via Manipur Work on the port in Sittwe and the IWT in Paletwa Chin State is in its final stages and the six cargo vessels are meant to facilitate transportation of goods from Sittwe to Paletwa The 81 29 million cost of the vessels was met through a grant from India The construction work was assigned to IWT in October 2012 the keels were laid in March 2013 and the vessels were launched between April and December 2016 On completion of the tests and trials at Yangon the vessels reached Sittwe in March 2017 Acceptance trials were completed in April 2017 in Sittwe 14 In June 2017 after several upward budget revisions and troubles in finding contractors the INR1 600 crore US 250 million contract has been finally awarded to an Indian company C amp C construction for building 109 km road connecting IWT Paletwa river terminal to Zorinpui in Mizoram border The contractor would open offices at Sittwe Paletwa and Yangon in Myanmar mobilise men and machine during the monsoon and start construction after the monsoon in October 15 Route EditSea river road route Edit The project has several sections combining multi modes of transport 16 Kolkata Sittwe shipping route 539 km 335 mi from seaport of Kolkata in India to Sittwe seaport in Myanmar via Bay of Bengal This sea route has been operational for several decades Port upgrade from 20 000 ton vessels to 40 000 ton capacity vessels has been completed Sittwe seaport to Paletwa inland jettyriver boat route 158 km 98 mi from Sittwe seaport to Inland Water Terminal IWT and hydro power project at Paletwa jetty via Kaladan river in Myanmar River dredging and jetty upgrade completed in June 2017 15 17 There is at least one river lock for navigation 18 Six barges of 300 ton capacity each were handed over to Myanmar by the government of India 19 Completed 2 Sittwe Special Economic Zone at Ponnagyun town 60 kilometres 37 mi north from Sittwe upstream of Kaladan River at Ponnagyun town is being built by India on 1000 acres 20 15 Paletwa inland jetty to Zorinpui road route in Myanmar 62 km 39 mi two lane in each direction 4 lanes total road route from IWT Paletwa to Zochawchhuah India Zorinpui Myanmar at Indo Myanmar border in Myanmar Construction contract of INR1600 crore 16 billion was awarded to Ircon in June 2017 15 21 and construction commenced in April 2018 22 after all the necessary approvals were granted by the Myanmar govt in January 2018 21 Integrated Customs amp Immigration Checkpost at Zochawchhuah Zorinpui has been operational since 2017 Tender for the road upgrade was awarded in 2017 currently under construction and to be completed by March 2023 as per March 2021 update 2 4 Zorinpui to Aizawl road route in India 110 km 68 mi from Indo Myanmar border at Zorinpui to Aizawl From Aizawl it connect to Aizawl Saiha National Highway at Lawngtlai in Mizoram India by road on National Highway 54 India NH 54 which then continues further to Dabaka in Assam via 850 km 530 mi long NH 54 which in turn is part of the larger East West Corridor connecting North East India with the rest of India 23 Almost complete June 2017 15 Awarded upgrade to this national highway is under construction and to be completed by March 2023 as per March 2021 update 4 In June 2017 90 km 56 mi 2 lane route from Indo Myanmar border at Zochawchhuah Zorinpui to Tuipang is almost complete From Tuipang the national highway is being further upgraded from 2 lane to all weather 4 lane from NH 54 Lawngtlai to Aizawl in Mizoram 15 INR6000 crore 60 billion was approved to further improve this Zochawchhuah Zorinpui Aizawl national highway 21 Siaha Zochawchhuah Zorinpui missing section of the highway was under construction April 2018 21 Lomasu to Lawngtlai is a two lane highway in each direction total four lanes and Lawngtlai to Aizawl Guwahati national highway is being widened to 4 lanes in each direction total 8 lanes 24 Complementary railway route Edit This railway route will complement the river road route of this project in Myanmar Mizoram Sittwe Kyaukhtu railway in Myanmar 90 km 56 mi exists and operational This route has been operational since 2011 To integrate with other routes network in Myanmar it will be further extended 311 km by 2021 22 from Kyaukhtu in north to Ann in south and then south east to Minbu where it will connect to Myanmar rail network as well as 1 215 km 755 mi long Kyaukpyu port Minbu Kunming high speed railway being planned by China 25 Kyaukhtu Zorinpui in Myanmar 200 km 120 mi planned but not yet surveyed India has future yet unapproved plans to fund and construct this missing link Zochawchhuah Zorinpui Sairang railway in India 375 km 233 mi being surveyed since Aug 2017 Survey for the rail line from Sairang Aizawl to Hmawngbuchhuah on border near Zochawchhuah Zorinpui was completed in August 2017 and it will be constructed in future phase 26 Other projects alternate route to northeast India Edit Compared to the 1 880 km 1 170 mi long congested Chicken s Neck Siliguri Corridor this Kaladan project will almost half the distance to a mere 950 km 590 mi As an alternate route unrelated to the Kaladan Multi Modal project to northeast India India is also developing railway route from Cox s Bazar deep water port to South Tripura district by rehabilitating the railway link from Santirbazar in India to Feni in Bangladesh where a road and rail bridge is being built to connect the Belonia India Parshuram Bangladesh road and rail crossing checkposts this will reduce traffic through Sittwe but will provide strategically redundancy if there is a war with China 27 Travel arrangements EditZorinpui border crossing and visa arrangements Edit Integrated Customs amp Immigration Checkpost at Zorinpui in Lawngtlai district is already operational since 2017 28 In early 2018 visa agreement were signed for the citizens of two nations to travel by road for education medical assistance tourism and other purposes 29 2 This agreement was operationalised on 9 August 2018 22 Indians and Myanma citizens with valid passport and visa can pass through two official Land Border Crossings at Moreh in Manipur Tamu in Sagaing Region of Myanmar and Zokhawthar in Mizoram Rihkhawdar in Chin State of Myanmar 22 Motor Vehicle Agreement Edit In 2015 India proposed a trilateral Motor Vehicle Agreement to facilitate seamless movement of passenger and cargo vehicles among the three countries 30 In May 2017 during a visit by Thai officials to Manipur the state s Chief Secretary Oinam Nabakishore declared that the draft of the trilateral agreement had already been prepared 31 32 As of May 2018 the signing of Motor vehicle agreement is still pending 2 Related projects EditMyanmar is key part of India s Look East policy and Kaladan project has enabled several other associated projects with ongoing development of growing list of integrated linkages Commerce and trade Edit Sittwe Special Economic Zone Edit Sittwe Special Economic Zone Sittwe SEZ at Ponnagyun town was announced by India s Union Minister of State for External Affairs V K Singh at the India ASEAN Foreign Ministers meet at Laos in August 2016 The 1000 acre SEZ will be built 60 kilometres 37 mi north from Sittwe upstream of Kaladan River at Ponnagyun town China is building a rival Kyaukpyu Special Economic Zone and port 80 kilometres 50 mi south of Sittwe 20 15 Energy Edit Thathay Chaung Hydropower Project Edit Thathay Chaung Hydropower Project TCHP is an 1800 megawatt two dam project being built and financed by India on Chindwin River in Rakhine State of Myanmar a 1 200 megawatt dam at Thamanthi Manthi and 600 megawatt dam at Shwejaye The electricity produced will be supplied to Manipur state of India 33 Sittwe Gaya gas pipeline Edit There is also to a proposal to build 1 575 km 979 mi long Sittwe Aizawl Silchar Guwahati Siliguri Gaya gas pipeline to transport gas from Sittwe gas field where ONGC and GAIL hold 30 percent stake in oil and gas exploration 33 Highways Edit Agartala Feni Chittagong Highway Edit Indian has decided to build an INR130 crore US 20 million bridge over the Feni River at the Tripura Bangladesh border to connect the existing NH8 Agartala Sabroom on Indian side to Chittagong port in Bangladesh 80 km 50 mi from South Tripura In February 2017 the project was in tendering stage 34 Aizawl Tuipang National Highway 4 laning Edit In June 2017 to ensure faster movement of goods between Sittwe and Mizoram capital of Aizawl in the North West which is close to the Barak Valley of Assam India started an INR6 000 crore upgrade of current 2 lane 300 km 190 mi Aizawl Tuipang national highway to all weather four laning of international standard the tender will be floated in September and construction contract will be awarded by December 2017 after the ongoing land acquisition is complete 15 The upgrade of 52 km long road from Tuipang to Myanmar border from 2 lane to all weather 4 lane highway is also included in this 352 km 219 mi long National Highways amp Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited NHIDCL project 35 India Myanmar Thailand Trilateral Highway Edit Main article India Myanmar Thailand Trilateral Highway The India Myanmar Thailand IMT Trilateral Highway Friendship Highway is a highway under construction that will connect Moreh India with Mae Sot Thailand via Myanmar 36 The road is expected to boost trade and commerce in the ASEAN India Free Trade Area as well as with the rest of Southeast Asia India has also proposed extending the highway to Cambodia Laos and Vietnam 37 The proposed approx 3 200 km 2 000 mi route from India to Vietnam is known as the East West Economic Corridor EWEC 38 Paletwa Cikha India Highway Edit Paletwa Cikha India Highway Project is a INR 20 billion US 315 million 645 km 401 mi long under construction Paletwa Cikha road highway in Chin State of Myanmar which will also be connected to the Indian border on two places Paletwa to NH502 Zochachhuah border village 39 of Lawngtlai district in south most Mizoram main road route of Kaladan Multi modal Transit Transport project and at Khenman Myanmar to NH102B Behiang border village of Churachandpur district in southernmost Manipur On 21 April 2016 Chin State Chief Minister Pu Lian Luai in Myanmar informed that the project is funded by Indian government which will connect Paletwa in southern Chin state to Cikha also misspelt as Chikha in Indian media sub town in northern Chin state New roads will also be built to connect the Paletwa Chikha highway to villages and towns in Chin state 40 Zokhawthar Rihkhawdar Kalemyo Highway Edit India Myanmar Zokhawthar Rihkhawdar Kalemyo Highway will provide second connection to the India Myanmar Thailand Trilateral Highway IMT between NH102B Zokhawthar Indian border village of Champhai district in east Mizoram to Rihkhawdar border town in Myanmar connecting it to IMT 120 km 75 mi away at Kalemyo 34 where it will connect to the IMT at Kalemyo 22 Railway Edit Bairabi Sairang Hmawngbuchhuah railway Edit Main article Bairabi Sairang Railway Indian Railways has already converted to broad gauge the current 84 km 52 mi rail line from Katakhal Assam to Bairabi 2 km 1 2 mi inside Mizoram Its further 51 38 km 31 93 mi Bairabi Sairang Railway extension from Bairabi to Sairang 20 km 12 mi north of Aizawl in Mizoram is under construction with target completion date of March 2019 as per status update in March 2016 In August 2015 India railway completed a survey for a possible new route extension from Sairang to Hmawngbuchhuah 41 on Mizoram s southern tip on the border of Myanmar where at nearby Zochachhuah 39 village the National Highway 502 part of Kaladan Multi Modal Transit Transport Project enters Myanmar leaving a possibility open for yet unplanned future rail connections to Paletwa 42 43 See also EditNearby major port projectsSabang strategic port development India Indonesia project Dawei Port Project in Myanmar India s Look East Connectivity projectsRegional projectsIndia s Look East Connectivity projects India s Northeast Connectivity projects BIMSTEC projects Mekong Ganga Cooperation India Myanmar Thailand Trilateral Highway Asian Highway Network India Myanmar barrierReferences Edit Purushothaman Vakkom Kaladan Multi Modal Transit Transport Project to link sea route in Myanmar with Mizoram The Northeast Times Archived from the original on 15 April 2012 Retrieved 11 August 2012 a b c d e Still under construction The Statesman 13 May 2018 India starts construction of 1 600 cr Mizoram Myanmar Kaladan road Business Line 17 April 2018 a b c d 110 km road is final challenge for long delayed India Myanmar Kaladan connectivity project The Print 29 March 2021 Buddhist refugees in Mizoram begin journey back to Myanmar but unconfirmed tales of horror keep them on edge First Post NE Displaced people The Wire Myanmar calling The Telegraph Naing wa Lone Shoon 25 September 2017 Myanmar says bodies of 28 Hindu villagers found in Rakhine State via www reuters com Myanmar New evidence reveals Rohingya armed group massacred scores in Rakhine State www amnesty org Egreteau Renaud 2011 A Passage to Burma India Development and Democratization in Myanmar Contemporary Politics 17 4 467 486 doi 10 1080 13569775 2011 619771 S2CID 153496597 Phukan Papori Kaladan Multi Modal Project In Myanmar Manipur Online Retrieved 11 August 2012 Kaladan Multi Modal Transit Transport Project Arakan Rivers Archived from the original on 29 May 2012 Retrieved 11 August 2012 Dikshit Sandeep India Myanmar transport project hits roadblock The Hindu Retrieved 11 August 2012 a b vessels handed over to Myanmar by India Mizzima 2 June 2017 a b c d e f g h India awards road contract to complete Kaladan project in Myanmar Business Line 9 June 2017 Multi modal project introduction India ramps up Myanmar ties to gain foothold in ASEAN The Myanmar Times 15 May 2018 India s connectivity to Myanmar Delay in Kaladan project Business Standard 2018 a b India planning to set up SEZ in Myanmar s Sittwe The Economic Times 2 August 2016 a b c d Mizoram to get connected with Sittwe port a b c d Road to Mandalay Indian Express June 2018 Multi modal route map Archived from the original on 22 August 2017 Retrieved 12 November 2014 India appoints post operator Irrawaddy Myanmar in China s Push into the Indian Ocean Joshy M Paul March 14 2016 retrieved 20 January 2017 India s north east opened up PowerUpConstruction Com As Smart as Sittwe Going North East by South East First Post 2019 India opens two border crossing points with Myanmar Bangladesh Times of India 1 Oct 2o17 India ramps up Myanmar ties to gain foothold in ASEAN Myanmar Times May 2018 Plea for Motor vehicle agrement sic between India and Myanmar The Economic Times Retrieved 17 February 2017 Thailand Envoy Visits Manipur Northeast Today 28 May 2017 Retrieved 1 June 2017 Thai delegation visits Manipur www easternmirrornagaland com Retrieved 1 June 2017 a b Alexis Rieffel 2010 Myanmar Burma Inside Challenges Outside Interests Brookings Institution Press pp139 ISBN 0815705069 a b 7 500 crore road network to boost North East economy The Hindu 24 February 2017 New Mizoram Myanmar 352 Km national highway all set to boost trade and economy in the region The North East Today 21 August 2017 All you want to know about Delhi to Bangkok Road Trip Myths amp Reality Tripoto 11 September 2015 Retrieved 20 September 2015 Highway pact after car rally www telegraphindia com Archived from the original on 11 August 2016 Myanmar Road Project Hooks 1 8 Billion Baht From Thailand The Irrawaddy 2 February 2017 Retrieved 12 February 2017 a b Google Maps Google Maps Construction of Chikha to Paletwa Highway a priority Mizzima April 2016 Hmawngbuchhuah Mizoram 796891 India Hmawngbuchhuah Mizoram 796891 India Massive push to railway infrastructure under way in Northeast 22 July 2016 Sanctioned in 2000 broad gauge train reaches Mizoram after 16 years 21 March 2016 External links EditDetailed report on Kaladan Project Project Description with Analysis of Positive and Negative Impact MDoner Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kaladan Multi Modal Transit Transport Project amp oldid 1144772883, wikipedia, wiki, book, 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