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Kalīla wa-Dimna or Kelileh o Demneh (Arabic: كليلة ودمنة; Persian: کلیله و دمنه) is a collection of fables. The book consists of fifteen chapters containing a lot of fables whose heroes are animals. A remarkable animal character is the lion, who plays the role of the king; he has a servant ox Shetrebah, while the two jackals of the title, Kalila and Dimna, appear both as narrators and as protagonists. Its likely origin is the Sanskrit Panchatantra. The book has been translated into many languages, with surviving illustrations in manuscripts from the 13th century onwards.
The two jackals of the title, Kalila and Dimna. Arabic illustration, 1220
The King Dabschelim is visited by the philosopher Bidpai who tells him a collection of stories of anthropomorphised animals with important morals for a King. The stories are in response to requests of parables from Dabschelim and they follow a Russian doll format, with stories interwoven and nested to some depth. There are fifteen main stories, acting as frame stories with many more stories within them. The two jackals, Kalila and Dimna, feature both as narrators of the stories and as protagonists within them. They work in the court of the king, Bankala the lion. Kalila is happy with his lot, whereas Dimna constantly struggles to gain fame. The stories are allegories set in a human social and political context, and in the manner of fables illustrate human life.
Manuscriptsedit
Manuscripts of the text have for many centuries and translated into different languages contained illustrations to accompany the fables.
c.1220 edition (BNF Arabe 3465)edit
This edition of Kalīla wa Dimna is now in the Bibliothèque Nationale de France (BNF Arabe 3465).[7] It dates to the first quarter of the 13th century (usually dated c.1220 CE).[7]
Kalila wa Dimna BNF Arabe 3465, folio 34r. Frontispiece.[8]
Kalila wa Dimna BNF Arabe 3465, folio 20v. King wearing the aqabā' turkī with uninscribed tiraz armbands.[9]
Kalila wa Dimna BNF Arabe 3465, folio 86r. Animal scene
Kalila wa Dimna BNF Arabe 3465, folio 95v. Animal scene
The crows and the owls. Syrian painter, c. 1300–1325
The jackals Kalila and Dimna look on as the snake and the elephant fight. Arabic, 1340
"Barzueh heals the sick". 1346–1347
Hare fools Elephant by showing the moon's reflection. Arabic, 1354
The turtle and the monkey. Persian, Timurid school, c. 1410–1420
A page from a Persian manuscript, dated 1429
The lion eats the bull, as the two jackals look on. Painted in Herat, 1430
The jackals Kalila and Dimna in their den. Herat school, 1431
Fanzah refuses to return to the King. Probably made for Pir Budaq, Baghdad?, c. 1460
"Kalila and Dimna Discussing Dimna's Plans to Become a Confidante of the Lion". 18th century
Armenian translation of The story of seven sages, 1740
Legacyedit
Ibn al-Muqaffa's translation of the Middle Persian manuscript of Kalila and Dimna is considered a masterpiece of Arabic and world literature.[11][12] In 1480, Johannes Gutenberg published Anton von Pforr's German version, Buch der Beispiele der alten Weisen. La Fontaine, in the preface to his second collection of Fables, explicitly acknowledged his debt to "the Indian sage Pilpay".[13] The collection has been adapted in plays,[14][15][16] cartoons,[17] and commentary works.[18][19]
^Hämeen-Anttila, Jaakko (3 November 2021). "Translations of Historical Works from Middle Persian into Arabic". Quaderni di Studi Arabi. 16 (1–2): 42–60. doi:10.1163/2667016X-16010003. ISSN 2667-016X. from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
^"About Kalila wa-Dimna". Kalila. from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
^Kinoshita, Sharon (2008). "Translation, empire, and the worlding of medieval literature: the travels of Kalila wa Dimna". Postcolonial Studies. 11 (4): 371–385. doi:10.1080/13688790802456051.
^"Kalila and Dimna". Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
^. Საქართველოს ილუსტრირებული ისტორია. პალიტრა L. 2015. Archived from the original on 24 October 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
^"Dakabadonebuli Qilila da damana" (PDF). Ilia State University, Georgia. 2012. (PDF) from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
^Stillman, Yedida K. (2003). Arab dress: a short history; from the dawn of Islam to modern times (Rev. 2. ed.). Brill. p. Plate 30. ISBN978-90-04-11373-2.
^"World Digital Library, Kalila and Dimna". from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
^"Kalila wa-Dimna – Wisdom Encoded". 7 October 2018. from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
^"Paul Lunde article in Saudi Aramco World, 1972". from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
^"Kalila wa Dimna play for Children held in Bahrain, 2003". from the original on 5 August 2016.
^"Kalila wa Dimna play for children held in Jerusalem".
^"Kalila wa Dimna play held in Tunisia, 2016". from the original on 1 June 2016.
^"Kalila wa Dimna cartoon series debut on Al-Jazeera kids, 2006". from the original on 30 March 2017.
^""The Wisdom of Kalila wa Dimna" book launch by prominent Palestinian writer, 2016". from the original on 27 April 2016.
^"Signing of a Kalila wa Dimna commentary work by prominent Jordanian writer, 2011". 3 May 2011. from the original on 30 May 2016.
Sourcesedit
Contadini, Anna (1 January 2012). A World of Beasts: A Thirteenth-Century Illustrated Arabic Book on Animals (the Kitāb Na‘t al-Ḥayawān) in the Ibn Bakhtīshū‘ Tradition. Brill. doi:10.1163/9789004222656_005.
External linksedit
Digitised version of 1354 at the Bodleian Libraries
Digitised version of 1310 from Bavarian State Library
Digitised version of 16th/17th century from Bavarian State Library
February 16, 2024
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Arabic April 2019 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Arabic article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 405 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Arabic Wikipedia article at ar Has 79 citations see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated ar Has 79 citations to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Kalila wa Dimna or Kelileh o Demneh Arabic كليلة ودمنة Persian کلیله و دمنه is a collection of fables The book consists of fifteen chapters containing a lot of fables whose heroes are animals A remarkable animal character is the lion who plays the role of the king he has a servant ox Shetrebah while the two jackals of the title Kalila and Dimna appear both as narrators and as protagonists Its likely origin is the Sanskrit Panchatantra The book has been translated into many languages with surviving illustrations in manuscripts from the 13th century onwards The two jackals of the title Kalila and Dimna Arabic illustration 1220AuthorIbn al Muqaffa LanguageArabic Middle PersianGenreBeast fable Contents 1 Origins 2 Synopsis 3 Manuscripts 3 1 c 1220 edition BNF Arabe 3465 3 2 1313 edition BNF Latin 8504 3 3 Other editions 4 Legacy 5 See also 6 References 7 Sources 8 External linksOrigins editFurther information Panchatantra The book is based on the c 200 BC Sanskrit text Pancatantra It was translated into Middle Persian in the sixth century by Borzuya 1 2 3 It was subsequently translated into Arabic in the eighth century by the Persian Ibn al Muqaffa 4 King Vakhtang VI of Kartli made a translation from Persian to Georgian in the 18th century 5 His work later edited by his mentor Sulkhan Saba Orbeliani has been used as a reference while determining the possible original text along with an earlier unfinished translation by King David I of Kakheti 6 Synopsis editThe King Dabschelim is visited by the philosopher Bidpai who tells him a collection of stories of anthropomorphised animals with important morals for a King The stories are in response to requests of parables from Dabschelim and they follow a Russian doll format with stories interwoven and nested to some depth There are fifteen main stories acting as frame stories with many more stories within them The two jackals Kalila and Dimna feature both as narrators of the stories and as protagonists within them They work in the court of the king Bankala the lion Kalila is happy with his lot whereas Dimna constantly struggles to gain fame The stories are allegories set in a human social and political context and in the manner of fables illustrate human life Manuscripts editManuscripts of the text have for many centuries and translated into different languages contained illustrations to accompany the fables c 1220 edition BNF Arabe 3465 edit This edition of Kalila wa Dimna is now in the Bibliotheque Nationale de France BNF Arabe 3465 7 It dates to the first quarter of the 13th century usually dated c 1220 CE 7 nbsp Kalila wa Dimna BNF Arabe 3465 folio 34r Frontispiece 8 nbsp Kalila wa Dimna BNF Arabe 3465 folio 20v King wearing the aqaba turki with uninscribed tiraz armbands 9 nbsp Kalila wa Dimna BNF Arabe 3465 folio 86r Animal scene nbsp Kalila wa Dimna BNF Arabe 3465 folio 95v Animal scene1313 edition BNF Latin 8504 edit French translation of Kalila wa Dimna Raymond de Beziers dated to 1313 CE Now in the Bibliotheque Nationale de France BNF Latin 8504 10 nbsp Kalila wa Dimna BNF Latin 8504 Ruler Philip IV and family nbsp Kalila wa Dimna BNF Latin 8504 Regnal scene nbsp Kalila wa Dimna BNF Latin 8504 folio 23v Animal scene nbsp Kalila wa Dimna BNF Latin 8504 folio 26r Animal scene Other editions edit nbsp Spanish manuscript workshop of Frederick of Castile 1251 1261 nbsp The crows and the owls Syrian painter c 1300 1325 nbsp The jackals Kalila and Dimna look on as the snake and the elephant fight Arabic 1340 nbsp Barzueh heals the sick 1346 1347 nbsp Hare fools Elephant by showing the moon s reflection Arabic 1354 nbsp The turtle and the monkey Persian Timurid school c 1410 1420 nbsp A page from a Persian manuscript dated 1429 nbsp The lion eats the bull as the two jackals look on Painted in Herat 1430 nbsp The jackals Kalila and Dimna in their den Herat school 1431 nbsp Fanzah refuses to return to the King Probably made for Pir Budaq Baghdad c 1460 nbsp Kalila and Dimna Discussing Dimna s Plans to Become a Confidante of the Lion 18th century nbsp Armenian translation of The story of seven sages 1740Legacy editIbn al Muqaffa s translation of the Middle Persian manuscript of Kalila and Dimna is considered a masterpiece of Arabic and world literature 11 12 In 1480 Johannes Gutenberg published Anton von Pforr s German version Buch der Beispiele der alten Weisen La Fontaine in the preface to his second collection of Fables explicitly acknowledged his debt to the Indian sage Pilpay 13 The collection has been adapted in plays 14 15 16 cartoons 17 and commentary works 18 19 See also editHitopadesa Jataka talesReferences edit Hameen Anttila Jaakko 3 November 2021 Translations of Historical Works from Middle Persian into Arabic Quaderni di Studi Arabi 16 1 2 42 60 doi 10 1163 2667016X 16010003 ISSN 2667 016X Archived from the original on 12 January 2024 Retrieved 2 September 2023 About Kalila wa Dimna Kalila Archived from the original on 12 January 2024 Retrieved 2 September 2023 Kinoshita Sharon 2008 Translation empire and the worlding of medieval literature the travels of Kalila wa Dimna Postcolonial Studies 11 4 371 385 doi 10 1080 13688790802456051 Kalila and Dimna Library of Congress Washington D C 20540 USA Archived from the original on 12 January 2024 Retrieved 2 September 2023 Ვახტანგ VI Საქართველოს ილუსტრირებული ისტორია პალიტრა L 2015 Archived from the original on 24 October 2021 Retrieved 3 May 2019 Dakabadonebuli Qilila da damana PDF Ilia State University Georgia 2012 Archived PDF from the original on 12 January 2024 Retrieved 25 January 2023 a b Consultation archivesetmanuscrits bnf fr Contadini 2012 Plate 8 Stillman Yedida K 2003 Arab dress a short history from the dawn of Islam to modern times Rev 2 ed Brill p Plate 30 ISBN 978 90 04 11373 2 Consultation archivesetmanuscrits bnf fr World Digital Library Kalila and Dimna Archived from the original on 12 January 2024 Retrieved 14 March 2019 Kalila wa Dimna Wisdom Encoded 7 October 2018 Archived from the original on 12 January 2024 Retrieved 10 August 2020 Paul Lunde article in Saudi Aramco World 1972 Archived from the original on 12 January 2024 Retrieved 10 August 2020 Kalila wa Dimna play for Children held in Bahrain 2003 Archived from the original on 5 August 2016 Kalila wa Dimna play for children held in Jerusalem Kalila wa Dimna play held in Tunisia 2016 Archived from the original on 1 June 2016 Kalila wa Dimna cartoon series debut on Al Jazeera kids 2006 Archived from the original on 30 March 2017 The Wisdom of Kalila wa Dimna book launch by prominent Palestinian writer 2016 Archived from the original on 27 April 2016 Signing of a Kalila wa Dimna commentary work by prominent Jordanian writer 2011 3 May 2011 Archived from the original on 30 May 2016 Sources editContadini Anna 1 January 2012 A World of Beasts A Thirteenth Century Illustrated Arabic Book on Animals the Kitab Na t al Ḥayawan in the Ibn Bakhtishu Tradition Brill doi 10 1163 9789004222656 005 External links editDigitised version of 1354 at the Bodleian Libraries Digitised version of 1310 from Bavarian State Library Digitised version of 16th 17th century from Bavarian State Library Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kalila wa Dimna amp oldid 1203304146, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
