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The ancient Thracian city of Kabile was one of the most important and largest towns in Thrace and its architectural remains are impressive, many of them preserved and restored.[1][2][3]
The territory of the ancient city and the surrounding area was proclaimed a territory of national importance and an archaeological reserve in 1965.
Many of the finds are housed in the on-site museum.
Kabile village is located 3 km northwest of Yambol. Zaychi vrah, the last hill of the Sredna Gora mountain range, can be found 1.5 km north of Kabile. The road from Yambol to the village of Zhelyu Voyvoda (in the Sliven Province) passes through Kabile, as well as the road from Yambol to the village of Drazhevo.
Ancient Kabyle was at an important crossroads through antiquity. From here the road from Aenus (Thrace) (today's Enez) led to Hemus (Stara Planina) and the lower Danube, as well as the diagonal road (Via Diagonalis) from Byzantium through Serdica (Sofia) to the middle Danube.
History
Roman Fort
Inside of Fort gate
Large (Military) baths
Early History
The site was inhabited since the 2nd millennium BC and traces of a Neolithic culture have been unearthed. Ceramics discovered from the 10th to the 6th century BC prove that the site was inhabited during the early Iron Age as well.[5]
In 341 BC the town was founded or refounded by Philip II of Macedon, who fortified it; subsequently, the town became a polis. It was under the rule of Alexander the Great and Lysimachus until 280 BC, when in 279 BC it briefly fell under the control of King Cavarus of the Celtic Kingdom of Tylis[6] and the city minted coins on behalf of Cavarus. In about 277 BC it came under the control of the Thracian Odrysian kingdom and was one of the kings' residences. The so-called "great inscription" of Seuthopolis testifies to the importance of Kabyle in these times.
The city was a major trade and military centre between the 3rd and the 2nd c. BC. However, its activities later waned due to aggressive campaigns by Philip V of Macedon.[6]
Roman History
In 71 BC it became part of the Roman Empire after being conquered by Marcus Lucullus and after 45 BC it was included in the Roman province of Thracia. Part of the site was occupied by a fort, one of the largest in the region. From discovered inscriptions, the cohort II Lucensium, from Abritus and consisting of nominally 480 foot soldiers and 120 cavalry, was stationed in the fort from 136 (under Hadrian) to 192 AD and built the associated thermae in 166 to 169.[7] After their move to Germania (Sapareva Banya)[8] they were replaced by the cohort I Atoitorum from 192 AD.
The city was badly damaged by in the Gothic Wars in 267-9. Nevertheless the city and the fort were soon rebuilt, as many towns in the region were under Diocletian, and in 293 it became a city again. A castellum of 5 hectares replaced the earlier military camp, a new fort wall was built with square towers, and the city wall and the large 3rd c. thermae of the fort were restored. The large and elaborate tribunorum for about 12 officers and dating from the early 270s was excavated in 2017 and a recently translated inscription shows another larger cohort (milliaria) with about 800 foot soldiers was present.[9] New large public buildings were built and Kabyle became one of the most important cities of Thracia following the reforms of Emperor Diocletian.[10]
Christianity became widespread in the area as early as the 4th century AD, and Kabyle became a bishopric with a large basilica.
In 378 Kabyle was seized by the Goths under Fritigernus. In the 5th century repeated barbarian raids forced the inhabitants to retreat inside the fort. The fort wall was doubled in the most vulnerable places and the thermae were used as residences and many other houses were built. The town was finally destroyed in about 587 by the Avars and only partially settled afterwards.
In the 9th century the surrounding region was fully integrated into the Bulgarian Empire and a small Bulgarian settlement was established over the ancient ruins.
The Site
Civilian baths
The ancient city has been partially excavated and work is continuing. Recently the principia of the Roman fort have been discovered.[11]
The Hellenistic city had defensive walls from the last quarter of the 4th c. BC, an agora and temples to Jupiter Dolichenus, the Thracian Horseman, Asclepius and Hygia. It has an acropolis with a sanctuary and relief of Cybele, its namesake and patron deity, carved into the rock.
The military fort occupied part of the city from Roman times, including the later barracks (one for cavalry) and large thermal baths.
Smaller thermal baths lie inside the civilian town dating initially from the early 1st c. BC and were at first associated with a palaestra.
The large christian basilica and smaller later one inside the fort have been partially restored.
Cavalry Barracks
The Large Basilica
The bishop's basilica was built in the 340's as one of the earliest examples of one with a courtyard in the region. It was damaged in 377-8 in the invasions. It was rebuilt and enlarged in the early 5th c. and became the 2nd biggest in Thracia, complete with mosaic floors, until its destruction in 587. It was partially rebuilt again until abandonment in the early 7th c.
Economy
Most of Kabile's population works in Yambol. The economy is based on agriculture. There is also a factory for sweets.
Religion
The population is mostly Christian Orthodox. There are a few churches.
^"National Archaeological Site Kabile (Village of Kabile)".
^Fol, Aleksandar. The Thracian Royal city of Kabyle. - In: Settlement Life in Ancient Thrace. IIIrd International Symposium "Cabyle", 17–21 May 1993 Jambol. Jambol, 53-55.
^"The Thracian Royal City of Cabyle" in A. Poulter (ed.), Ancient Bulgaria: Papers presented to the International Symposium on the Ancient History and Archaeology of Bulgaria, University of Nottingham, 1983, pp. 233–238.
^Velkov, V. 1982 Cabyle. Topography, research, sources. In: Cabyle, vol. I. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia: 7-17. /in Bulg./
^ abAn Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 893
^"Intact Roman Inscription from Marcus Aurelius' Rule Found in Ancient Thracian City Kabyle in Southeast Bulgaria". 5 July 2018.
^"Archaeologists Find Roman Military Officers' Residence (Tribunorium) in Ancient Thracian City Kabile near Bulgaria's Yambol". 14 November 2017.
^"Archaeologists Find Unknown Late Antiquity Quarter Showing Ancient Thracian City Kabyle Flourished in Late Roman Period". 24 October 2016.
^"Intact Roman Inscription from Marcus Aurelius' Rule Found in Ancient Thracian City Kabyle in Southeast Bulgaria". 5 July 2018.
April 27, 2023
kabile, this, article, expanded, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, bulgarian, july, 2018, click, show, important, translation, instructions, view, machine, translated, version, bulgarian, article, machine, translation, like, deepl, google, . This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Bulgarian July 2018 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Bulgarian article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 258 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Bulgarian Wikipedia article at bg Kabile dreven grad see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated bg Kabile dreven grad to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Kabile Bulgarian Kabile Cabyle is a village in southeastern Bulgaria part of the Tundzha municipality Yambol Province KabileKabileLocation of KabileCoordinates 42 32 N 26 29 E 42 533 N 26 483 E 42 533 26 483 Coordinates 42 32 N 26 29 E 42 533 N 26 483 E 42 533 26 483Country BulgariaProvinces Oblast YambolElevation129 m 423 ft Time zoneUTC 2 EET Summer DST UTC 3 EEST Postal Code8629Area code s 04712 359 4712The ancient Thracian city of Kabile was one of the most important and largest towns in Thrace and its architectural remains are impressive many of them preserved and restored 1 2 3 The territory of the ancient city and the surrounding area was proclaimed a territory of national importance and an archaeological reserve in 1965 Many of the finds are housed in the on site museum Contents 1 Geography 2 History 2 1 Early History 2 2 Roman History 3 The Site 3 1 The Large Basilica 4 Economy 5 Religion 6 Social institutions 7 Honour 8 NotesGeography EditKabile village is located 3 km northwest of Yambol Zaychi vrah the last hill of the Sredna Gora mountain range can be found 1 5 km north of Kabile The road from Yambol to the village of Zhelyu Voyvoda in the Sliven Province passes through Kabile as well as the road from Yambol to the village of Drazhevo The name of the city originates from Cybele 4 Ancient Kabyle was at an important crossroads through antiquity From here the road from Aenus Thrace today s Enez led to Hemus Stara Planina and the lower Danube as well as the diagonal road Via Diagonalis from Byzantium through Serdica Sofia to the middle Danube History Edit Roman Fort Inside of Fort gate Large Military baths Early History Edit The site was inhabited since the 2nd millennium BC and traces of a Neolithic culture have been unearthed Ceramics discovered from the 10th to the 6th century BC prove that the site was inhabited during the early Iron Age as well 5 In 341 BC the town was founded or refounded by Philip II of Macedon who fortified it subsequently the town became a polis It was under the rule of Alexander the Great and Lysimachus until 280 BC when in 279 BC it briefly fell under the control of King Cavarus of the Celtic Kingdom of Tylis 6 and the city minted coins on behalf of Cavarus In about 277 BC it came under the control of the Thracian Odrysian kingdom and was one of the kings residences The so called great inscription of Seuthopolis testifies to the importance of Kabyle in these times The city was a major trade and military centre between the 3rd and the 2nd c BC However its activities later waned due to aggressive campaigns by Philip V of Macedon 6 Roman History Edit In 71 BC it became part of the Roman Empire after being conquered by Marcus Lucullus and after 45 BC it was included in the Roman province of Thracia Part of the site was occupied by a fort one of the largest in the region From discovered inscriptions the cohort II Lucensium from Abritus and consisting of nominally 480 foot soldiers and 120 cavalry was stationed in the fort from 136 under Hadrian to 192 AD and built the associated thermae in 166 to 169 7 After their move to Germania Sapareva Banya 8 they were replaced by the cohort I Atoitorum from 192 AD The city was badly damaged by in the Gothic Wars in 267 9 Nevertheless the city and the fort were soon rebuilt as many towns in the region were under Diocletian and in 293 it became a city again A castellum of 5 hectares replaced the earlier military camp a new fort wall was built with square towers and the city wall and the large 3rd c thermae of the fort were restored The large and elaborate tribunorum for about 12 officers and dating from the early 270s was excavated in 2017 and a recently translated inscription shows another larger cohort milliaria with about 800 foot soldiers was present 9 New large public buildings were built and Kabyle became one of the most important cities of Thracia following the reforms of Emperor Diocletian 10 Christianity became widespread in the area as early as the 4th century AD and Kabyle became a bishopric with a large basilica In 378 Kabyle was seized by the Goths under Fritigernus In the 5th century repeated barbarian raids forced the inhabitants to retreat inside the fort The fort wall was doubled in the most vulnerable places and the thermae were used as residences and many other houses were built The town was finally destroyed in about 587 by the Avars and only partially settled afterwards In the 9th century the surrounding region was fully integrated into the Bulgarian Empire and a small Bulgarian settlement was established over the ancient ruins The Site Edit Civilian baths The ancient city has been partially excavated and work is continuing Recently the principia of the Roman fort have been discovered 11 The Hellenistic city had defensive walls from the last quarter of the 4th c BC an agora and temples to Jupiter Dolichenus the Thracian Horseman Asclepius and Hygia It has an acropolis with a sanctuary and relief of Cybele its namesake and patron deity carved into the rock The military fort occupied part of the city from Roman times including the later barracks one for cavalry and large thermal baths Smaller thermal baths lie inside the civilian town dating initially from the early 1st c BC and were at first associated with a palaestra The large christian basilica and smaller later one inside the fort have been partially restored Cavalry Barracks The Large Basilica Edit The bishop s basilica was built in the 340 s as one of the earliest examples of one with a courtyard in the region It was damaged in 377 8 in the invasions It was rebuilt and enlarged in the early 5th c and became the 2nd biggest in Thracia complete with mosaic floors until its destruction in 587 It was partially rebuilt again until abandonment in the early 7th c Economy EditMost of Kabile s population works in Yambol The economy is based on agriculture There is also a factory for sweets Religion EditThe population is mostly Christian Orthodox There are a few churches Social institutions EditMunicipality library club Napredak Progress stadium Primary school named after Hr Smirnenski Kindergarten Post office Police station Internet cafeHonour EditKabile Island off Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands Antarctica is named after Kabile Notes Edit National Archaeological Site Kabile Village of Kabile Fol Aleksandar The Thracian Royal city of Kabyle In Settlement Life in Ancient Thrace IIIrd International Symposium Cabyle 17 21 May 1993 Jambol Jambol 53 55 The Thracian Royal City of Cabyle in A Poulter ed Ancient Bulgaria Papers presented to the International Symposium on the Ancient History and Archaeology of Bulgaria University of Nottingham 1983 pp 233 238 Velkov V 1982 Cabyle Topography research sources In Cabyle vol I Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia 7 17 in Bulg Velkov V 3 1977 ISBN 90 256 0790 X a b An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen 2005 page 893 Intact Roman Inscription from Marcus Aurelius Rule Found in Ancient Thracian City Kabyle in Southeast Bulgaria 5 July 2018 Germania Germaneia Sapareva Banya Bulgaria Archaeologists Find Roman Military Officers Residence Tribunorium in Ancient Thracian City Kabile near Bulgaria s Yambol 14 November 2017 Archaeologists Find Unknown Late Antiquity Quarter Showing Ancient Thracian City Kabyle Flourished in Late Roman Period 24 October 2016 Intact Roman Inscription from Marcus Aurelius Rule Found in Ancient Thracian City Kabyle in Southeast Bulgaria 5 July 2018 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kabile amp oldid 1139736811, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
