HQ-12 prototypes, known as the KS-1 before being incorporated into the PLA service, were developed in the early 1980s. The developer was the state-owned Jiangnan Space Industry, also known as Base 061.[2] The first successful test-firing of the missile prototype was conducted in 1989, and the development was concluded in 1994.[1] Before its completion, the missile was showcased at Paris Airshow in 1991.[2] It was showcased again at the Zhuhai Airshow in 1998.[1] However, none of these showcases resulted in mass production due to the lack of People's Liberation Army (PLA) orders and foreign interests.[2]
The development of the improved variant KS-1A was concluded in the late 1990s, and the finished product was presented in 2001 by China Precision Machinery Import-Export Corporation. The new system included a cross-country chassis and a new multifunction radar. In 2005, Malaysia signed a memorandum of understanding to purchase KS-1A.[1][2] Testing of the KS-1A was also undertaken by the Chinese PLA, and the system with new military designation HQ-12 was showcased at the 80th-anniversary exhibition of the PLA, indicating its military service. In 2009, the HQ-12 participated in the parade celebrating the 60th anniversary of China.[2]
The KS-1A and improved variants were eventually exported to Myanmar, Turkmenistan, Thailand and Cambodia. 2016, the HQ-22, the further development of the HQ-12 system was revealed at Airshow China 2016.[1]
Designedit
A H-200 radar on display in 2007
The HQ-12, or KS-1, was the first Chinese air defense system equipped with a phased-array radar. The radar system was constantly improved with each new variant of the missile system. A typical HQ-12 battery includes one passive phased-array radar (PPAR) panel, four launchers fitted with two missiles per launcher, and 16 additional missiles on reload trucks, command-and-control station, and generator units.[1]
The first KS-1 variant used SJ-212 engagement radar, derived from the Russian 30N6E1, which is capable of tracking 50 targets at a range of up to 27 kilometers. The KS-1A has two options: HT-233 with 50 kilometers range and H-200 multifunction radar with 70 kilometers range. KS-1C kept the H-200 radar from KS-1A but replaced rail launchers with canister-launched missiles.[1] Overall, the KS-1 is a rough equivalent of American MIM-23 Hawk, the precursor to the Patriot missile system.[1]
Although the performance of the original KS-1 is obsolete, the HQ-12 (KS-1A) is a more reliable and capable platform primarily designed to destroy aircraft, UAVs, and helicopters. It can also serve as missile defense platform, engaging ballistic and cruise missiles with speeds exceeding Mach 3.[2]
Operational historyedit
The People's Liberation Army (PLA) used KS-1A as the basis for the HQ-12 missile system due to the KS-1A having better performance than the original KS-1.[1][2]
Variantsedit
Myanmar produced KS-1M missile mounted on truck chassis displayed in 2016
KS-1
The initial version with the SJ-202 engagement radar, and the missile seeker has a traditional parabolic antenna and can guide up to two missiles against one target. The range is >40 km.
KS-1A
The new HT-233 radar has a range of 50 km, and engagement altitude is 24 km.[3] It can also use H-200 radar with 70 km range and 27km engagement altitude.
Chinese military designation. HQ-12 is based on KS-1A with H-200 radar.
KS-1M
Myanmar's locally made variant of Chinese HQ-12 with TOT under licence. It was unveiled with one battery at the Armed Force Day Parade in 2017. Two surface-to-air missiles are fitted on each locally-made Miltruk chassis. The name of the missile is GYD-1B and also looks a little bit fatter than the Chinese version.[citation needed] But, the maximum range of the missile is unknown. According to the local media, the maximum range of KS-1M is equal to the range of KS-1C's missile.[citation needed]
HQ-22
The HQ-22 (export designation FK-3) is the second-generation variant of the HQ-12, has a range of up to 170km and an effective altitude from 50 m to 27 km. It has a considerably longer range than HQ-12 and serves as an affordable alternative to produce than the HQ-9.[5][6]
^ abcdefghi"HQ-12". missiledefenseadvocacy. 20 June 2018.
^ abcdefg"Anti-aircraft missile system HQ-12 (KS-1A)". Missilery Info.
^"Thai Army Boosts Air Defense Missile Capability".
^"Thai Army Boosts Air Defense Missile Capability". AIN Online.
^"China Shows New Fighters, Missiles and Drones". AIN Online.
^"China to show latest generation of surface-to-air missile weapon system FK-3 at DSA 2014 2004146 | DSA 2014 Official Show Daily News Coverage Report | Defence and security military army exhibition 2014".
^The Military Balance 2021. 255: International Institute for Strategic Studies.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
^"Trade Registers". SIPRI. from the original on 14 April 2010. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
^ ab. Archived from the original on 2006-10-21. Retrieved 2006-12-09.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to HQ-12.
December 14, 2023
kaishan, chinese, 凯山一号, military, designation, simplified, chinese, 红旗, traditional, chinese, 紅旗, pinyin, hóng, yāo, banner, first, chinese, surface, missile, adopt, phased, array, radar, mobile, launcher, display, military, museum, chinese, people, revolution. The KS 1 or Kaishan 1 Chinese 凯山一号 military designation HQ 12 simplified Chinese 红旗 12 traditional Chinese 紅旗 12 pinyin Hong Qi Yao er lit Red Banner 12 is the first Chinese surface to air missile to adopt a phased array radar 1 HQ 12 KS 1A A KS 1A mobile SAM launcher on display at the Military Museum of the Chinese People s Revolution in BeijingTypeSurface to air missilePlace of originChinaService historyIn service2007 presentUsed bySee OperatorsSpecificationsMass900 kg 2 000 lb Length5 644 mm 222 2 in Diameter400 mm 16 in Wingspan1 200 mm 47 in Warhead100 kg 220 lb DetonationmechanismImpact proximityEngineRocket motorPropellantSolid fuelOperationalrange5 km 3 1 mi to 50 km 31 mi Flight altitude500 m 1 600 ft to 25 km 16 mi Maximum speed1 200 m s 3 900 ft s GuidancesystemSemi active radar homing radio command guidanceLaunchplatform6x6 Contents 1 Development 2 Design 3 Operational history 4 Variants 5 Operators 6 Specifications KS 1 7 Gallery 8 See also 9 References 10 External linksDevelopment editHQ 12 prototypes known as the KS 1 before being incorporated into the PLA service were developed in the early 1980s The developer was the state owned Jiangnan Space Industry also known as Base 061 2 The first successful test firing of the missile prototype was conducted in 1989 and the development was concluded in 1994 1 Before its completion the missile was showcased at Paris Airshow in 1991 2 It was showcased again at the Zhuhai Airshow in 1998 1 However none of these showcases resulted in mass production due to the lack of People s Liberation Army PLA orders and foreign interests 2 The development of the improved variant KS 1A was concluded in the late 1990s and the finished product was presented in 2001 by China Precision Machinery Import Export Corporation The new system included a cross country chassis and a new multifunction radar In 2005 Malaysia signed a memorandum of understanding to purchase KS 1A 1 2 Testing of the KS 1A was also undertaken by the Chinese PLA and the system with new military designation HQ 12 was showcased at the 80th anniversary exhibition of the PLA indicating its military service In 2009 the HQ 12 participated in the parade celebrating the 60th anniversary of China 2 The KS 1A and improved variants were eventually exported to Myanmar Turkmenistan Thailand and Cambodia 2016 the HQ 22 the further development of the HQ 12 system was revealed at Airshow China 2016 1 Design edit nbsp A H 200 radar on display in 2007The HQ 12 or KS 1 was the first Chinese air defense system equipped with a phased array radar The radar system was constantly improved with each new variant of the missile system A typical HQ 12 battery includes one passive phased array radar PPAR panel four launchers fitted with two missiles per launcher and 16 additional missiles on reload trucks command and control station and generator units 1 The first KS 1 variant used SJ 212 engagement radar derived from the Russian 30N6E1 which is capable of tracking 50 targets at a range of up to 27 kilometers The KS 1A has two options HT 233 with 50 kilometers range and H 200 multifunction radar with 70 kilometers range KS 1C kept the H 200 radar from KS 1A but replaced rail launchers with canister launched missiles 1 Overall the KS 1 is a rough equivalent of American MIM 23 Hawk the precursor to the Patriot missile system 1 Although the performance of the original KS 1 is obsolete the HQ 12 KS 1A is a more reliable and capable platform primarily designed to destroy aircraft UAVs and helicopters It can also serve as missile defense platform engaging ballistic and cruise missiles with speeds exceeding Mach 3 2 Operational history editThe People s Liberation Army PLA used KS 1A as the basis for the HQ 12 missile system due to the KS 1A having better performance than the original KS 1 1 2 Variants edit nbsp Myanmar produced KS 1M missile mounted on truck chassis displayed in 2016KS 1 The initial version with the SJ 202 engagement radar and the missile seeker has a traditional parabolic antenna and can guide up to two missiles against one target The range is gt 40 km KS 1A The new HT 233 radar has a range of 50 km and engagement altitude is 24 km 3 It can also use H 200 radar with 70 km range and 27km engagement altitude KS 1C Developed by the China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation CASIC Featuring canister launched missiles 4 HQ 12 Chinese military designation HQ 12 is based on KS 1A with H 200 radar KS 1M Myanmar s locally made variant of Chinese HQ 12 with TOT under licence It was unveiled with one battery at the Armed Force Day Parade in 2017 Two surface to air missiles are fitted on each locally made Miltruk chassis The name of the missile is GYD 1B and also looks a little bit fatter than the Chinese version citation needed But the maximum range of the missile is unknown According to the local media the maximum range of KS 1M is equal to the range of KS 1C s missile citation needed HQ 22 The HQ 22 export designation FK 3 is the second generation variant of the HQ 12 has a range of up to 170km and an effective altitude from 50 m to 27 km It has a considerably longer range than HQ 12 and serves as an affordable alternative to produce than the HQ 9 5 6 Operators edit nbsp Map with KS 1 operators in blue nbsp People s Republic of ChinaPeople s Liberation Army Air Force 150 as of 2020 7 nbsp MyanmarMyanmar Army Seven batteries of KS 1A and locally made KS 1M 8 nbsp ThailandRoyal Thai Air Force KS 1C in service 2016 Specifications KS 1 editWeight 900 kg Warhead gt 100 kg Length 5 6 m Diameter 0 4 m Speed 1 200 m s Maneuverability gt 20 g Maximum target speed 750 m s Maximum target maneuverability gt 5 g Maximum range gt 50 km 9 Minimum range 100 m Maximum altitude gt 25 km 9 Minimum altitude lt 500 mGallery edit nbsp KS 1M medium range air defense system of Myanmar Army at the 71st Armed Force Day Parade 2016 nbsp GYD 1B KS 1M missile of Myanmar Army nbsp GYD 1B KS 1M missile production facility of Myanmar Army nbsp HQ 12 as seen after the military parade held in Beijing on September 3 2015 to commemorate 70 years since the end of WWII See also editAkash Type 3 Chu SAM NASAMS Barak 8 QRSAM VL SRSAMReferences edit a b c d e f g h i HQ 12 missiledefenseadvocacy 20 June 2018 a b c d e f g Anti aircraft missile system HQ 12 KS 1A Missilery Info Thai Army Boosts Air Defense Missile Capability Thai Army Boosts Air Defense Missile Capability AIN Online China Shows New Fighters Missiles and Drones AIN Online China to show latest generation of surface to air missile weapon system FK 3 at DSA 2014 2004146 DSA 2014 Official Show Daily News Coverage Report Defence and security military army exhibition 2014 The Military Balance 2021 255 International Institute for Strategic Studies a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location link Trade Registers SIPRI Archived from the original on 14 April 2010 Retrieved 20 March 2011 a b Chinese Defence Today KS 1 Surface to Air Missile Archived from the original on 2006 10 21 Retrieved 2006 12 09 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to HQ 12 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title HQ 12 amp oldid 1175752143, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
