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Juliusz Słowacki Theatre

October 21, 2023

50°3′50″N 19°56′35″E / 50.06389°N 19.94306°E / 50.06389; 19.94306

Juliusz Słowacki Theatre
Teatr im. Juliusza Słowackiego
Słowacki Theatre in Kraków Old Town District
General information
TypeTheatre and opera house
LocationOld Town, Kraków
Address1 Holy Ghost Square
CountryPoland
Coordinates50°3′50″N 19°56′35″E / 50.06389°N 19.94306°E / 50.06389; 19.94306
OpenedOctober 21, 1893; 129 years ago (1893-10-21)
Design and construction
Architect(s)Jan Zawiejski
Other information
Seating capacity540 seated (excluding foyer)[1]
Website
slowacki.krakow.pl/en
Official nameHistoric Centre of Kraków
TypeCultural
Criteriaiv
Designated1978
Reference no.[1]
UNESCO regionEurope

Juliusz Słowacki Theatre (Polish: Teatr im. Juliusza Słowackiego w Krakowie) is a 19th-century Eclectic theatre-opera house in the heart of Kraków, Poland, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Erected in 1893, it was modeled after some of the best European Baroque and Eclectic theatres such as the Palais Garnier in Paris.[2] The theatre was named after Polish poet Juliusz Słowacki in 1909 and in 1978 was inscribed alongside the Historic Centre of Kraków into the World Heritage Register.[3]

History Edit

Designed by Jan Zawiejski, the theatre was erected on Holy Spirit Square (Plac Św. Ducha) in place of the former 14th century church and monastery of religious order 'Duchacy' or Order of the Holy Ghost (hence the name of the square). The church had been converted into a residential building due to secularization of the Polish male branch of the cloister in 1783. The city council of Kraków decided to demolish it in 1886 in order to make room for a new theatre. The church was dismantled in May 1892 – an event which caused much controversy, notably the emotive declaration of Polish painter Jan Matejko, that he would never exhibit his paintings in Kraków again.

 
Photograph of Słowacki Theatre from 1935

The new theatre opened on 21 October 1893. It was an exquisite example of the Polish Eclectic architecture, the first building in Kraków designed for and equipped with electric light. Initially it was called Municipal Theatre (Teatr Miejski). Only in 1909 did it receive the name of Juliusz Słowacki, a Polish poet and playwright of Romanticism.

Inauguration took place with a program consisting of excerpts from Aleksander Fredro's Zemsta, Juliusz Słowacki's Balladyna and Adam Mickiewicz's Konfederaci Barscy. The theatre staged its first full-length production, Fredro's Śluby Panieńskie, four days later.

During Nazi Germany occupation of Poland, the theatre was run by a German troupe. The last Polish play for the next 6 years was produced in Autumn 1939. The theatre reopened for Polish audience in February 1945.

Since 27 March 1976, the theatre is accompanied by the Small Stage housed in the former electric plant (designed in 1890s, to provide the theatre with its own electricity). In 2000 a third stage was added, the summertime Next to the Pump Stage. A fourth one (Stage in the Gate) opened on 7 November 2003.

Directors Edit

The first director of the Theatre was Tadeusz Pawlikowski (1893–1899), followed by Józef Kotarbiński (1899–1905) and Ludwik Solski (1905–1913). Tadeusz Pawlikowski resumed this position in the years 1913-1915. Playwright Lucjan Rydel became the Theatre's director for one season during 1915-1916. Adam Grzymala-Siedlecki took that role in the years 1916-1918.

After World War I, the theatre was directed by Teofil Trzciński (1918–1926), Zygmunt Nowakowski (1926–1929), once again Trzciński (1929–1932), Juliusz Osterwa (1932–1935) and Karol Frycz (1935–1939). Frycz and Osterwa became the directors again after World War II (Frycz from 1945 to 1946, and Osterwa in 1946-1947). The next directors were Bronisław Dąbrowski (1947–1950) and Henryk Szletyński (1950–1955). Bronisław Dąbrowski was once again appointed as director from 1955 to 1972. Krystyna Skuszanka and Jerzy Krasowski directed the theatre from 1972 to 1981. Andrzej Kijowski's short period of directorship ended the same year with the imposition of martial law in Poland. Mikołaj Grabowski (1982–1985) was followed by Jan Paweł Gawlik (1985–1989), Jan Prochyra (1989–1990), Jerzy Goliński (1990–1992) and Bogdan Hussakowski (1992–1999). Current director of the theatre is Krzysztof Orzechowski.

Cultural significance Edit

The Theatre became the birthplace of the theatrical concept of the Young Poland movement and was closely related to the rediscovery of Romantic drama as well as the premiere productions of plays by Polish national playwright Stanisław Wyspiański.

The significance of the Polish Romantic tradition under the foreign occupation and especially Słowacki's legacy was reflected in the first festival of his plays organized there in 1909. It was at this time that the Theatre adopted the name of Słowacki and became known as Juliusz Słowacki Theatre.

The proposal of a theatre based on a synthesis of the visual arts, acting, music, light and drama is as natural as theatre itself. At the time, however, it was an avant-garde solution that challenged reigning canons.

— Diana Poskuta-Włodek, Culture.pl.[4]

At the Theatre, the audiences could witness actors such as Kazimierz Kamiński, Ludwik Solski, Maksymilian Węgrzyn, Antonina Hoffman, Wanda Siemaszkowa, Stanisława Wysocka and Aleksander Zelwerowicz. Theatre artists like Juliusz Osterwa and Kazmierz Junosza-Stepowski began their careers at the Słowacki Theatre, and Helena Modrzejewska made numerous guest appearances. During the interwar period, the theatre was overshadowed by the Warsaw theatre scene, but still it was considered to be one of the most important stages in Poland. In 1980 the Słowacki Theatre staged the world premiere of Pope John Paul II Our God's Brother (Brat naszego boga), a production whose significance was above all political.

Gallery Edit

  •  

    Słowacki Theatre, front entrance

  •  

    In Kraków Old Town at night

  •  

    Side view

  •  

    Theatre interior

  •  

    Entrance hall

See also Edit

Notes and references Edit

  1. ^ "Teatr im. Juliusza Słowackiego - Duża Scena". Teatrwkrakowie.pl. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  2. ^ "Cracow - Guide - Krakow Old Town - The Slowacki Theatre". www.local-life.com. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
  3. ^ . www.culture.pl. Archived from the original on October 6, 2006. Retrieved July 25, 2011.
  4. ^ Diana Poskuta-Włodek, The Juliusz Slowacki Theatre in Kraków (in) D. Poskuta-Włodek, Co dzień powtarza się gra. Teatr im. Juliusza Slowackiego w Krakowie 1893-1993. Instytut Adama Mickiewicza Culture.pl. Retrieved November 10, 2012.

External links Edit

  • Official website
  • Juliusz Słowacki Theatre at www.krakow-info.com
  • Juliusz Słowacki Theatre at www.krakow.pl

October 21, 2023
juliusz, słowacki, theatre, 06389, 94306, 06389, 94306, teatr, juliusza, słowackiegosłowacki, theatre, kraków, town, districtgeneral, informationtypetheatre, opera, houselocationold, town, krakówaddress1, holy, ghost, squarecountrypolandcoordinates50, 06389, 9. 50 3 50 N 19 56 35 E 50 06389 N 19 94306 E 50 06389 19 94306 Juliusz Slowacki TheatreTeatr im Juliusza SlowackiegoSlowacki Theatre in Krakow Old Town DistrictGeneral informationTypeTheatre and opera houseLocationOld Town KrakowAddress1 Holy Ghost SquareCountryPolandCoordinates50 3 50 N 19 56 35 E 50 06389 N 19 94306 E 50 06389 19 94306OpenedOctober 21 1893 129 years ago 1893 10 21 Design and constructionArchitect s Jan ZawiejskiOther informationSeating capacity540 seated excluding foyer 1 Websiteslowacki wbr krakow wbr pl wbr enUNESCO World Heritage SiteOfficial nameHistoric Centre of KrakowTypeCulturalCriteriaivDesignated1978Reference no 1 UNESCO regionEuropeJuliusz Slowacki Theatre Polish Teatr im Juliusza Slowackiego w Krakowie is a 19th century Eclectic theatre opera house in the heart of Krakow Poland and a UNESCO World Heritage Site Erected in 1893 it was modeled after some of the best European Baroque and Eclectic theatres such as the Palais Garnier in Paris 2 The theatre was named after Polish poet Juliusz Slowacki in 1909 and in 1978 was inscribed alongside the Historic Centre of Krakow into the World Heritage Register 3 Contents 1 History 1 1 Directors 2 Cultural significance 3 Gallery 4 See also 5 Notes and references 6 External linksHistory EditDesigned by Jan Zawiejski the theatre was erected on Holy Spirit Square Plac Sw Ducha in place of the former 14th century church and monastery of religious order Duchacy or Order of the Holy Ghost hence the name of the square The church had been converted into a residential building due to secularization of the Polish male branch of the cloister in 1783 The city council of Krakow decided to demolish it in 1886 in order to make room for a new theatre The church was dismantled in May 1892 an event which caused much controversy notably the emotive declaration of Polish painter Jan Matejko that he would never exhibit his paintings in Krakow again nbsp Photograph of Slowacki Theatre from 1935The new theatre opened on 21 October 1893 It was an exquisite example of the Polish Eclectic architecture the first building in Krakow designed for and equipped with electric light Initially it was called Municipal Theatre Teatr Miejski Only in 1909 did it receive the name of Juliusz Slowacki a Polish poet and playwright of Romanticism Inauguration took place with a program consisting of excerpts from Aleksander Fredro s Zemsta Juliusz Slowacki s Balladyna and Adam Mickiewicz s Konfederaci Barscy The theatre staged its first full length production Fredro s Sluby Panienskie four days later During Nazi Germany occupation of Poland the theatre was run by a German troupe The last Polish play for the next 6 years was produced in Autumn 1939 The theatre reopened for Polish audience in February 1945 Since 27 March 1976 the theatre is accompanied by the Small Stage housed in the former electric plant designed in 1890s to provide the theatre with its own electricity In 2000 a third stage was added the summertime Next to the Pump Stage A fourth one Stage in the Gate opened on 7 November 2003 Directors Edit The first director of the Theatre was Tadeusz Pawlikowski 1893 1899 followed by Jozef Kotarbinski 1899 1905 and Ludwik Solski 1905 1913 Tadeusz Pawlikowski resumed this position in the years 1913 1915 Playwright Lucjan Rydel became the Theatre s director for one season during 1915 1916 Adam Grzymala Siedlecki took that role in the years 1916 1918 After World War I the theatre was directed by Teofil Trzcinski 1918 1926 Zygmunt Nowakowski 1926 1929 once again Trzcinski 1929 1932 Juliusz Osterwa 1932 1935 and Karol Frycz 1935 1939 Frycz and Osterwa became the directors again after World War II Frycz from 1945 to 1946 and Osterwa in 1946 1947 The next directors were Bronislaw Dabrowski 1947 1950 and Henryk Szletynski 1950 1955 Bronislaw Dabrowski was once again appointed as director from 1955 to 1972 Krystyna Skuszanka and Jerzy Krasowski directed the theatre from 1972 to 1981 Andrzej Kijowski s short period of directorship ended the same year with the imposition of martial law in Poland Mikolaj Grabowski 1982 1985 was followed by Jan Pawel Gawlik 1985 1989 Jan Prochyra 1989 1990 Jerzy Golinski 1990 1992 and Bogdan Hussakowski 1992 1999 Current director of the theatre is Krzysztof Orzechowski Cultural significance EditThe Theatre became the birthplace of the theatrical concept of the Young Poland movement and was closely related to the rediscovery of Romantic drama as well as the premiere productions of plays by Polish national playwright Stanislaw Wyspianski The significance of the Polish Romantic tradition under the foreign occupation and especially Slowacki s legacy was reflected in the first festival of his plays organized there in 1909 It was at this time that the Theatre adopted the name of Slowacki and became known as Juliusz Slowacki Theatre The proposal of a theatre based on a synthesis of the visual arts acting music light and drama is as natural as theatre itself At the time however it was an avant garde solution that challenged reigning canons Diana Poskuta Wlodek Culture pl 4 At the Theatre the audiences could witness actors such as Kazimierz Kaminski Ludwik Solski Maksymilian Wegrzyn Antonina Hoffman Wanda Siemaszkowa Stanislawa Wysocka and Aleksander Zelwerowicz Theatre artists like Juliusz Osterwa and Kazmierz Junosza Stepowski began their careers at the Slowacki Theatre and Helena Modrzejewska made numerous guest appearances During the interwar period the theatre was overshadowed by the Warsaw theatre scene but still it was considered to be one of the most important stages in Poland In 1980 the Slowacki Theatre staged the world premiere of Pope John Paul II Our God s Brother Brat naszego boga a production whose significance was above all political Gallery Edit nbsp Slowacki Theatre front entrance nbsp In Krakow Old Town at night nbsp Side view nbsp Theatre interior nbsp Entrance hallSee also EditCulture of Krakow Adam Grzymala SiedleckiNotes and references Edit Teatr im Juliusza Slowackiego Duza Scena Teatrwkrakowie pl Retrieved 2020 05 01 Cracow Guide Krakow Old Town The Slowacki Theatre www local life com Retrieved 4 September 2017 Slowacki Theatre www culture pl Archived from the original on October 6 2006 Retrieved July 25 2011 Diana Poskuta Wlodek The Juliusz Slowacki Theatre in Krakow in D Poskuta Wlodek Co dzien powtarza sie gra Teatr im Juliusza Slowackiego w Krakowie 1893 1993 Instytut Adama Mickiewicza Culture pl Retrieved November 10 2012 External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Juliusz Slowacki Theatre Official website Juliusz Slowacki Theatre at www euarchives org Juliusz Slowacki Theatre at www krakow info com Juliusz Slowacki Theatre at www krakow pl Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Juliusz Slowacki Theatre amp oldid 1179783704, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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