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Julius Pokorny

February 15, 2024

Julius Pokorny (12 June 1887 – 8 April 1970) was an Austrian-Czech linguist and scholar of the Celtic languages, particularly Irish, and a supporter of Irish nationalism. He held academic posts in Austrian and German universities.

Julius Pokorny
Born12 June 1887
Prague
Died8 April 1970(1970-04-08) (aged 82)
Zürich
NationalityAustrian-Czech[1]
Academic background
EducationUniversity of Vienna
Academic work
InstitutionsUniversity of Vienna
Friedrich Wilhelm University
University of Bern
University of Zurich
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich

Early life and education edit

Julius Pokorny was born on 12 June 1887 in Prague, Bohemia, under the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was educated at the Piarist School in Prague and the Benedictine Abbey school in Kremsmünster, Austria. From 1905 until 1911, he studied at the University of Vienna, graduating in law and philology, and he taught there from 1913 to 1920.[2]

Career edit

During World War I, Pokorny was involved in pro-German propagandist activities, inciting the Irish against England. He is known to have met and corresponded with Roger Casement, an activist for Irish independence who was executed in 1916.[3][4] Pokorny also served in the war as a reservist in the Austrian (Cisleithanian) Army starting in 1916.[5]

In 1920, he succeeded Kuno Meyer as Chair of Celtic Philology at Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin. Although baptised Catholic at birth and being sympathetic to German nationalism, he was suspended in 1933 under the Nazi Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, because of his Jewish ancestry. He was reinstated later that year under the exemption for those who had worn the uniform of Germany or its allies in World War I, which had been insisted on by President Paul von Hindenburg before he signed the bill into law. In 1935, he was dismissed under the provisions of the racist Nuremberg Laws; this led to his replacement as the Berlin Chair for Celtic studies by Ludwig Mühlhausen [de].[6] He continued to live more or less openly in Berlin until at least 1939, but lived a shadowy existence there from around 1940. He escaped to Switzerland in 1943,[7] where he taught for a few years at the University of Bern and at the University of Zurich until his retirement in 1959.

In 1954, he received an honorary professorship at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, where he taught part-time in 1956 and again from 1960 to 1965. He was awarded honorary degrees by the University of Wales at Swansea in 1965 and Edinburgh University in 1967.

Death edit

He died in Zürich in 1970, almost three weeks after being hit by a tram not far from his home.

Scholarship edit

He was the editor of the journal of philological studies Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie from 1921 until forced out by the Nazis in 1939,[citation needed] and was responsible for reviving it in 1954. He continued to edit it until his death in 1970. He is the author of the Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary; 1959), which was a central text in its time. He also published several collections of Irish writing in German translation, and a thoroughly pro-nationalist[citation needed] history of Ireland in 1916, which appeared in English translation in 1933.[8]

Pokorny was a dedicated supporter of the Pan-Illyrian theory and located the Illyrian civilisation's Urheimat between the Weser and the Vistula and east from that region where migration began around 2400 BC.[9] Pokorny suggested that Illyrian elements were to be found in much of continental Europe and also in Britain and Ireland. His Illyromania derived in part from archaeological Germanomania and was supported by contemporary place-names specialists such as Max Vasmer (1928, 1929)[10] and Hans Krahe (1929, 1935, 1940).[11]

Works edit

Books
  • Der Ursprung der Arthursage. Vienna: Anthropologische Gesellschaft, 1909.
  • A Concise Old Irish Grammar and Reader. Halle an der Saale: Max Niemeyer; Dublin: Hodges/Figgis, 1914.
  • Irland. Gotha: F.A. Perthes, 1916 (Perthes' kleine Völker- und Länderkunde 1).
    • English translation: A History of Ireland, trans. Séana D King. London: Longmans; NY: Green and Co., 1933.
  • Die älteste Lyrik der grünen Insel. Halle: M. Niemeyer, 1923.
  • A Historical Reader of Old Irish: Texts, Paradigms, Notes, and a Complete Glossary. Halle: M. Niemeyer (reprint: New York: AMS, 1985).
  • Altirische Grammatik. Berlin–Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter, 1925.
  • Alois Walde, Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen, 3 vols. Edited and supplemented by Julius Pokorny. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1927–1932 (reprint: 1973, ISBN 3-11-004556-7).
  • Zur Urgeschichte der Kelten und Illyrier. Halle: M. Niemeyer, 1938.
  • Altkeltische Dichtungen: Aus dem Irisch-Gälischen und Cymrischen übertragen und eingeleitet. Bern: A. Francke, 1944.
  • with Vittore Pisani, Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft: Indogermanistik. Keltologie. Bern: A. Francke, 1953.
  • Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 2 vols. Tübingen–Bern–Munich: A. Francke, 1957/1969 (1st edn.), 2005 (5th edn.). ISBN 3772009476
Articles
  • "Der Gral in Irland und die mythischen Grundlagen der Gralsage", Mitteilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien 62 (1912): 1–15.
  • "Erschienene Schriften: Rudolf Thurneysen, Zu irischen Handschriften und Literaturdenkmälern", Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie (ZCP) 9 (1913): 184–6.
  • "Die englische Herrschaft in Irland", Petermanns Mitteilungen 62 (1916): 361–65, 409–12.
  • "Der irische Aufstand von 1798", Irische Blätter 4 (1916): 331–340.
  • "Rasse und Volk in Irland", Irische Blätter 7 (1917): 524–528.
  • "Beiträge zur ältesten Geschichte Irlands. 1. Die Fir Bolg, die Urbevölkerung Irlands", ZCP 11 (1916–17): 189–204.
  • "Beiträge zur ältesten Geschichte Irlands. 2. Der gae bolga und die nördliche, nicht-iberische Urbevölkerung der Britischen Inseln", ZCP 12 (1918): 195–231.
  • "Beiträge zur ältesten Geschichte Irlands. 3. Érainn, Dárin(n)e und die Iverni und Darini des Ptolemäus", ZCP 12 (1918): 323–357.
  • "Zu Morands Fürstenspiegel", ZCP 13 (1921): 43–6.
  • "Das nichtindogermanische Substrat im Irischen", ZCP 16 (1927): 95–144, 231–66, 363–94; 17 (1928): 373–88; 18 (1930): 233–48.
  • "Substrattheorie und Urheimat der Indogermanen", Mitteilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien 66 (1936): 69–91.
  • "Zum nichtindogermanischen Substrat im Inselkeltischen", Die Sprache 1 (1949): 235–45.
  • "Die Geographie Irland bei Ptolemaios", ZCP 24 (1954): 94–120.
  • "Keltische Urgeschichte und Sprachwissenschaft", Die Sprache 5 (1959): 152–64.
  • "The Pre-Celtic Inhabitants of Ireland", Celtica 5 (1960): 229–40.

See also edit

References edit

Citations
  1. ^ Mees, Bernard (1996), "Linguistics and Nationalism: Henry d'Arbois de Jubainville and Cultural Hegemony", Melbourne Historical Journal 25, p. 55 (46–64): "Austrian-Czech Celticist".
  2. ^ Ó Dochartaigh (2004), pp. 21–26.
  3. ^ Ó Dochartaigh (2004), pp. 41.
  4. ^ Doerries, Reinhard R., Prelude to the Easter Rising: Sir Roger Casement in Imperial Germany, Frank Cass, London & Portland 2000, p. 189
  5. ^ Ó Dochartaigh (2004), p. 40.
  6. ^ Hemprich. "Institutsgeschichte". Universität Bonn Abteilung für Keltologie. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
  7. ^ Keogh p. 103
  8. ^ Pokorny, Julius, Irland, 1916; Pokorny, Julius, A History of Ireland, 1933.
  9. ^ Pokorny, J. (1936) "Substrattheorie und Urheimat der Indogermanen", p. 213
  10. ^ Vasmer, Max. 1928 "Beitrage zur alten Geographie der Gebiete zwischen Elbe und Weichsel" Zeitschrift für slawische Philologie 5.360–370.
  11. ^ Krahe, Hans. Lexikon altillyrischer Personennamen (Dictionary of Old Illyrian personal names) (1929).
Bibliography

Further reading edit

  • Ó Dochartaigh, Pól (2003). "Julius Pokorny: An Outsider". In Wallace, Ian (ed.). Fractured Biographies. Rodopi. ISBN 978-90-420-0966-0.

External links edit

  • Mentioned in James Joyce's Ulysses

February 15, 2024
julius, pokorny, june, 1887, april, 1970, austrian, czech, linguist, scholar, celtic, languages, particularly, irish, supporter, irish, nationalism, held, academic, posts, austrian, german, universities, born12, june, 1887praguedied8, april, 1970, 1970, aged, . Julius Pokorny 12 June 1887 8 April 1970 was an Austrian Czech linguist and scholar of the Celtic languages particularly Irish and a supporter of Irish nationalism He held academic posts in Austrian and German universities Julius PokornyBorn12 June 1887PragueDied8 April 1970 1970 04 08 aged 82 ZurichNationalityAustrian Czech 1 Academic backgroundEducationUniversity of ViennaAcademic workInstitutionsUniversity of ViennaFriedrich Wilhelm UniversityUniversity of BernUniversity of ZurichLudwig Maximilian University of Munich Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Career 3 Death 4 Scholarship 5 Works 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksEarly life and education editJulius Pokorny was born on 12 June 1887 in Prague Bohemia under the Austro Hungarian Empire He was educated at the Piarist School in Prague and the Benedictine Abbey school in Kremsmunster Austria From 1905 until 1911 he studied at the University of Vienna graduating in law and philology and he taught there from 1913 to 1920 2 Career editDuring World War I Pokorny was involved in pro German propagandist activities inciting the Irish against England He is known to have met and corresponded with Roger Casement an activist for Irish independence who was executed in 1916 3 4 Pokorny also served in the war as a reservist in the Austrian Cisleithanian Army starting in 1916 5 In 1920 he succeeded Kuno Meyer as Chair of Celtic Philology at Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin Although baptised Catholic at birth and being sympathetic to German nationalism he was suspended in 1933 under the Nazi Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service because of his Jewish ancestry He was reinstated later that year under the exemption for those who had worn the uniform of Germany or its allies in World War I which had been insisted on by President Paul von Hindenburg before he signed the bill into law In 1935 he was dismissed under the provisions of the racist Nuremberg Laws this led to his replacement as the Berlin Chair for Celtic studies by Ludwig Muhlhausen de 6 He continued to live more or less openly in Berlin until at least 1939 but lived a shadowy existence there from around 1940 He escaped to Switzerland in 1943 7 where he taught for a few years at the University of Bern and at the University of Zurich until his retirement in 1959 In 1954 he received an honorary professorship at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich where he taught part time in 1956 and again from 1960 to 1965 He was awarded honorary degrees by the University of Wales at Swansea in 1965 and Edinburgh University in 1967 Death editHe died in Zurich in 1970 almost three weeks after being hit by a tram not far from his home Scholarship editHe was the editor of the journal of philological studies Zeitschrift fur celtische Philologie from 1921 until forced out by the Nazis in 1939 citation needed and was responsible for reviving it in 1954 He continued to edit it until his death in 1970 He is the author of the Indogermanisches etymologisches Worterbuch Indo European Etymological Dictionary 1959 which was a central text in its time He also published several collections of Irish writing in German translation and a thoroughly pro nationalist citation needed history of Ireland in 1916 which appeared in English translation in 1933 8 Pokorny was a dedicated supporter of the Pan Illyrian theory and located the Illyrian civilisation s Urheimat between the Weser and the Vistula and east from that region where migration began around 2400 BC 9 Pokorny suggested that Illyrian elements were to be found in much of continental Europe and also in Britain and Ireland His Illyromania derived in part from archaeological Germanomania and was supported by contemporary place names specialists such as Max Vasmer 1928 1929 10 and Hans Krahe 1929 1935 1940 11 Works editBooksDer Ursprung der Arthursage Vienna Anthropologische Gesellschaft 1909 A Concise Old Irish Grammar and Reader Halle an der Saale Max Niemeyer Dublin Hodges Figgis 1914 Irland Gotha F A Perthes 1916 Perthes kleine Volker und Landerkunde 1 English translation A History of Ireland trans Seana D King London Longmans NY Green and Co 1933 Die alteste Lyrik der grunen Insel Halle M Niemeyer 1923 A Historical Reader of Old Irish Texts Paradigms Notes and a Complete Glossary Halle M Niemeyer reprint New York AMS 1985 Altirische Grammatik Berlin Leipzig Walter de Gruyter 1925 Alois Walde Vergleichendes Worterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen 3 vols Edited and supplemented by Julius Pokorny Berlin de Gruyter 1927 1932 reprint 1973 ISBN 3 11 004556 7 Zur Urgeschichte der Kelten und Illyrier Halle M Niemeyer 1938 Altkeltische Dichtungen Aus dem Irisch Galischen und Cymrischen ubertragen und eingeleitet Bern A Francke 1944 with Vittore Pisani Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft Indogermanistik Keltologie Bern A Francke 1953 Indogermanisches etymologisches Worterbuch 2 vols Tubingen Bern Munich A Francke 1957 1969 1st edn 2005 5th edn ISBN 3772009476Articles Der Gral in Irland und die mythischen Grundlagen der Gralsage Mitteilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien 62 1912 1 15 Erschienene Schriften Rudolf Thurneysen Zu irischen Handschriften und Literaturdenkmalern Zeitschrift fur celtische Philologie ZCP 9 1913 184 6 Die englische Herrschaft in Irland Petermanns Mitteilungen 62 1916 361 65 409 12 Der irische Aufstand von 1798 Irische Blatter 4 1916 331 340 Rasse und Volk in Irland Irische Blatter 7 1917 524 528 Beitrage zur altesten Geschichte Irlands 1 Die Fir Bolg die Urbevolkerung Irlands ZCP 11 1916 17 189 204 Beitrage zur altesten Geschichte Irlands 2 Der gae bolga und die nordliche nicht iberische Urbevolkerung der Britischen Inseln ZCP 12 1918 195 231 Beitrage zur altesten Geschichte Irlands 3 Erainn Darin n e und die Iverni und Darini des Ptolemaus ZCP 12 1918 323 357 Zu Morands Furstenspiegel ZCP 13 1921 43 6 Das nichtindogermanische Substrat im Irischen ZCP 16 1927 95 144 231 66 363 94 17 1928 373 88 18 1930 233 48 Substrattheorie und Urheimat der Indogermanen Mitteilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien 66 1936 69 91 Zum nichtindogermanischen Substrat im Inselkeltischen Die Sprache 1 1949 235 45 Die Geographie Irland bei Ptolemaios ZCP 24 1954 94 120 Keltische Urgeschichte und Sprachwissenschaft Die Sprache 5 1959 152 64 The Pre Celtic Inhabitants of Ireland Celtica 5 1960 229 40 See also editGustaf Kossinna Pan Illyrian theoriesReferences editCitations Mees Bernard 1996 Linguistics and Nationalism Henry d Arbois de Jubainville and Cultural Hegemony Melbourne Historical Journal 25 p 55 46 64 Austrian Czech Celticist o Dochartaigh 2004 pp 21 26 o Dochartaigh 2004 pp 41 Doerries Reinhard R Prelude to the Easter Rising Sir Roger Casement in Imperial Germany Frank Cass London amp Portland 2000 p 189 o Dochartaigh 2004 p 40 Hemprich Institutsgeschichte Universitat Bonn Abteilung fur Keltologie Retrieved 9 July 2019 Keogh p 103 Pokorny Julius Irland 1916 Pokorny Julius A History of Ireland 1933 Pokorny J 1936 Substrattheorie und Urheimat der Indogermanen p 213 Vasmer Max 1928 Beitrage zur alten Geographie der Gebiete zwischen Elbe und Weichsel Zeitschrift fur slawische Philologie 5 360 370 Krahe Hans Lexikon altillyrischer Personennamen Dictionary of Old Illyrian personal names 1929 Bibliographyo Dochartaigh Pol 2004 Julius Pokorny 1887 1970 Germans Celts and Nationalism Dublin Four Courts Press ISBN 1 85182 769 2 Keogh Dermot 1998 Jews in Twentieth Century Ireland Refugees Anti Semitism and the Holocaust Cork Cork University Press ISBN 978 1 85918 150 8 Further reading edito Dochartaigh Pol 2003 Julius Pokorny An Outsider In Wallace Ian ed Fractured Biographies Rodopi ISBN 978 90 420 0966 0 External links editBibliography of the Scientific Publications of Julius Pokorny Book announcement for Pol o Dochartaigh Julius Pokorny 1887 1970 Germans Celts and nationalism Mentioned in James Joyce s Ulysses Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Julius Pokorny amp oldid 1202873931, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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