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John O'Connell Bligh

John O'Connell Bligh (3 March 1834 – 12 October 1880) was a Native Police officer in the British colonies of New South Wales and Queensland. He achieved the rank of Commandant of this colonial paramilitary force from 1861 to 1864. Bligh is probably best known for an incident in Maryborough, where he shot a number of Aboriginal Australians along the main street and into the adjoining Mary River. After retiring from the Native Police, Bligh became a police magistrate in the towns of Gayndah and Gympie.

John O'Connell Bligh

Early life edit

John O'Connell Bligh was born in 1834 in Buckinghamshire, England. He was a grandson of Vice-Admiral William Bligh, the former Governor of New South Wales and central figure of the mutiny on the Bounty and the Rum Rebellion. Bligh was also a nephew of former Lieutenant Governor, Sir Maurice Charles O'Connell.[1] He emigrated to Australia probably around 1850 and lived with his brother Richard John Bligh who had been Commissioner for Crown Lands and head of the Border Police at Warialda since 1847.[2] John was appointed Registrar of the Small Debts Court at Warialda in 1852.[3]

Lieutenant in Native Police edit

Bligh was appointed by the New South Wales Government to the position of sub-Lieutenant in the Native Police on 7 April 1853.[4] He was nineteen years old. Bligh seems to have been posted to the Wide Bay region on a regular basis early on in his career.

Capture of John 'Gilburri' Fahy edit

He captured a runaway convict named John Gilburri Fahy who had been living with the local Wide Bay aboriginals for over twelve years.[5] In order to arrest Gilburri, Bligh and his troopers handcuffed all the station Aboriginal workers at Barambah pastoral station around a large gum tree overnight to prevent him from receiving any information that the Native Police were nearby.[6] Fahy was sent to Cockatoo Island prison but was soon assigned to be an interpreter on the exploratory journey of A.C. Gregory.[7]

Further Native Police operations edit

In 1854 and 1855, Bligh was transferred to the 8th Division of the Native Police based at the Yabba barracks in the Conondale Range and at Maryborough. The funding of the Native Police at this stage was uncertain and Bligh had trouble with equipment supplies and the mutinous conduct of some of his Aboriginal troopers. Corporal Donald threatened to hit and handcuff him. Ten days later, Bligh reported that Donald died of dysentery.[8] During this period, he pursued a group of Aboriginal people who had committed "depredations" in the Mary Valley to the coast and massacred them at Teewah Beach.[9]

In October 1855, Bligh was sent to the Clarence River area to take charge of the section there as a 2nd Lieutenant. In June 1857, he was appointed to 1st Lieutenant of the Native Police by Commandant Edric Norfolk Vaux Morisset. Bligh was stationed mostly in the Wide Bay-Burnett region or on missions involving the recruitment of troopers for the force around the Clarence River districts. In 1859, he was involved in dispersing Aboriginals attending the Bunya festival in the Conondale Range. The Aboriginals fled to nearby Manumbar where the proprietor noticed that "the fear of Bligh acts like a hangman's whip" over them.[10]

The Governor General of New South Wales appointed John O'Connell Bligh of the Native Police to be a Magistrate for New South Wales on 30 August 1858.[11]

Maryborough incident edit

In early 1860, Bligh and his troopers, then stationed at Coopers Plain barracks just to the south-west of Maryborough, chased a number of Aboriginals into the town. In broad daylight and in front of the citizens of Maryborough, these Aboriginals were shot down. Several were killed and an unknown number were wounded. At one stage, Bligh requisitioned a boat in order to shoot two Aboriginals who had fled into the Mary River.[12] A meeting was held in the courthouse to collect money for a gift of appreciation to give to Bligh. At a ceremony later organised by the high profile Maryborough people, Bligh was given a ceremonial sword as a reward for his actions.[13] However, his actions divided the town, with the Maryborough Chronicle describing it as "one of the most disgraceful acts ever perpetrated by any community, a blot so foul and deep-stained as will leave on this otherwise fair portion of God’s earth the brand of eternal infamy". The Moreton Bay Courier listed the names of individual Aborigines who had been killed, including Darkey (who was shot down in the street and later roasted) and Young Snatchem (who was driven into the river before Bligh "shot the defenceless, tired, unresisting wretch, in the back").[14]

On 8 July 1861 Lieut John O'Connell Bligh was examined regarding the above incident by the Select Committee on the Native Police Force and the Condition of the Aborigines generally. The Select Committee also questioned other witnesses regarding Bligh's actions in the same incident. The Select Committee asked his opinion of suggested restructure or disbandment of the Force.[15][16]

Commandant of the Native Police edit

After the retirement of E.N.V. Morisset, John O'Connell Bligh was appointed Commandant of the Native Police in July 1861.[17] His first major duty as Commandant involved organising the severe reprisals for the Cullin-la-ringo massacre where, in October 1861, Aboriginals around the Nogoa River killed nineteen settlers. Bligh travelled to the area and personally oversaw the operations. Colonists in the Nogoa region such as Charles Boydell Dutton described how these operations consisted of orders to Native Police officers to "disperse blacks wherever they found them." Bligh himself dispersed members of peaceful tribes working for the colonists and galloped his horse over an Aboriginal woman causing her extensive injuries.[18]

Bligh was the commanding officer of the force as the British expanded into the Northern parts of Eastern Australia into areas such as Bowen, Peak Downs and Mackay. The Native Police under Bligh were instrumental in enforcing colonial rule over the Aboriginals in these areas. For much of the time Bligh administered the force from the barracks at Murrays Lagoon near Rockhampton. It was here in late 1863 that he received a kick to the face from a horse that caused severe facial and head injuries.[19]

Police Magistrate edit

The reorganisation of the Queensland Police force in early 1864 saw the position of Commandant of the Native Police abolished and the force came under the direct auspices of the new Queensland Police Commissioner, David Thompson Seymour. Bligh was retired from the force and took up a police magistrate position at Gayndah.[20] While in this position, Bligh was involved in a controversy that led to his temporary suspension. A local vagrant by the name of Tim Shea who presented ill to the police station was arrested and sentenced by Bligh to six months jail. Mr. Shea died while being transported on an open dray to Maryborough, with multiple bruisings and his tongue bitten through later being observed on his body. Bligh was to be transferred to Clermont for his actions but his powerful family connections in Brisbane prevented this.[21] He later transferred to the gold mining towns of Gympie and Kilkivan.[22]

Death and legacy edit

Bligh remained as a police magistrate in Gympie until his death in 1880 at the relatively young age of 46. As a result of the kick to the face from the horse in Rockhampton, Bligh lost the sight in one eye and had chronic insomnia issues.[23] He died of an overdose of chloral hydrate at his home in Gympie.[24]

Bligh was widower when he died and had several children. A daughter, Lucy, later married Bligh's nephew, John Bligh Nutting, who had also served in Queensland as an officer in the Native Police.[25]

Bligh Street in Gympie is likely to have been named after him and given both Gympie and the site of the Yabba Native Police barracks are nearby, the Bligh Street in Kilkivan is also very likely to have been named in his honour.[26]

References edit

  1. ^ "D. D. Gazette". The Darling Downs Gazette And General Advertiser. Vol. XX, no. 4087. Queensland, Australia. 18 December 1880. p. 3. Retrieved 26 August 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
  2. ^ Stubbins, Ted. "Warialda's Richard Bligh bridge: the history". Warialda Standard. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
  3. ^ "Index page". New South Wales Government Gazette. No. INDEX 18520101–18521231. New South Wales, Australia. 31 December 1852. p. iii. Retrieved 21 September 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  4. ^ "NATIVE POLICE". New South Wales Government Gazette. No. 38. New South Wales, Australia. 8 April 1853. p. 655. Retrieved 21 September 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  5. ^ "DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE". The Moreton Bay Courier. Vol. IX, no. 445. Queensland, Australia. 23 December 1854. p. 2. Retrieved 21 September 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  6. ^ "MARYBOROUGH'S EARLIEST DAYS". Maryborough Chronicle, Wide Bay and Burnett Advertiser. No. 10, 733. Queensland, Australia. 5 June 1907. p. 3. Retrieved 21 September 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  7. ^ "THE Moreton Bay Courier". The Moreton Bay Courier. Vol. X, no. 477. Queensland, Australia. 4 August 1855. p. 2. Retrieved 21 September 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  8. ^ Skinner, L.E. (1975). Police of the Pastoral Frontier. St Lucia: UQP. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
  9. ^ Brown, Elaine Rosemary (2000), Cooloola Coast : Noosa to Fraser Island : the Aboriginal and settlers histories of a unique environment, University of Queensland Press, ISBN 978-0-7022-3129-2
  10. ^ "THE NATIVE POLICE". The Courier (Brisbane). Vol. XV, no. 1039. Queensland, Australia. 4 June 1861. p. 2. Retrieved 21 September 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  11. ^ "MAGISTRATES". New South Wales Government Gazette. No. 133. New South Wales, Australia. 31 August 1858. p. 1413. Retrieved 27 July 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
  12. ^ Cryle, Denis (1989). The Press in Colonial Queensland. St Lucia: UQP.
  13. ^ "MARYBOROUGH". The Moreton Bay Courier. Vol. XIV, no. 830. Queensland, Australia. 21 February 1860. p. 4. Retrieved 21 September 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  14. ^ "TO LIEUT. JOHN O'CONNELL BLIGH. NATIVE POLICE". Maryborough Chronicle, Wide Bay and Burnett Advertiser (Qld. : 1860 - 1947). 21 March 1861. p. 2. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  15. ^ "Native Police Force. Report" (PDF). Queensland Legislative Assembly. 1861. p. 153. (PDF) from the original on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020 – via Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies.
  16. ^ Queensland. Parliament. Legislative Assembly. Select Committee on Native Police Force and the Condition of the Aborigines Generally (1861), Report from the Select Committee on the Native Police Force and the Condition of the Aborigines Generally together with the proceedings of the Committee and minutes of evidence, Fairfax and Belbridge, p. 153, retrieved 8 August 2020
  17. ^ "WEEKLY EPITOME". The Courier (Brisbane). Vol. XVI, no. 1077. Queensland, Australia. 20 July 1861. p. 2. Retrieved 21 September 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  18. ^ "CRUELTY TO THE BLACKS.—THE MURDER OP MR. WILLS AND HIS PEOPLE". The Sydney Morning Herald. Vol. XLV, no. 7382. New South Wales, Australia. 3 February 1862. p. 8. Retrieved 19 October 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
  19. ^ "ROCKHAMPTON". Maryborough Chronicle, Wide Bay and Burnett Advertiser. Vol. III, no. 155. Queensland, Australia. 5 November 1863. p. 2. Retrieved 21 September 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  20. ^ "None". Maryborough Chronicle, Wide Bay and Burnett Advertiser. Vol. IV, no. 165. Queensland, Australia. 14 January 1864. p. 2. Retrieved 21 September 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  21. ^ "THE TIM SHEA TRAGEDY". Maryborough Chronicle, Wide Bay and Burnett Advertiser. Vol. VII, no. 454. Queensland, Australia. 2 March 1867. p. 3. Retrieved 28 October 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  22. ^ "Gympie Mining Report". The Brisbane Courier. Vol. XXXIII, no. 3, 477. Queensland, Australia. 10 July 1878. p. 5. Retrieved 21 September 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  23. ^ "The Brisbane Courier". The Brisbane Courier. Vol. XXXV, no. 4, 233. Queensland, Australia. 14 December 1880. p. 2. Retrieved 21 September 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  24. ^ "LOCAL AND GENERAL NEWS". Gympie Times And Mary River Mining Gazette. Vol. XII, no. 1346. Queensland, Australia. 15 December 1880. p. 3. Retrieved 21 September 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  25. ^ "Family Notices". The Brisbane Courier. Vol. LV, no. 12, 628. Queensland, Australia. 2 July 1898. p. 4. Retrieved 26 August 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
  26. ^ "Under the Peak". Maryborough Chronicle, Wide Bay and Burnett Advertiser. No. 4, 187. Queensland, Australia. 25 December 1886. p. 7. Retrieved 21 September 2017 – via National Library of Australia.

External links edit

john, connell, bligh, march, 1834, october, 1880, native, police, officer, british, colonies, south, wales, queensland, achieved, rank, commandant, this, colonial, paramilitary, force, from, 1861, 1864, bligh, probably, best, known, incident, maryborough, wher. John O Connell Bligh 3 March 1834 12 October 1880 was a Native Police officer in the British colonies of New South Wales and Queensland He achieved the rank of Commandant of this colonial paramilitary force from 1861 to 1864 Bligh is probably best known for an incident in Maryborough where he shot a number of Aboriginal Australians along the main street and into the adjoining Mary River After retiring from the Native Police Bligh became a police magistrate in the towns of Gayndah and Gympie John O Connell Bligh Contents 1 Early life 2 Lieutenant in Native Police 3 Capture of John Gilburri Fahy 4 Further Native Police operations 5 Maryborough incident 6 Commandant of the Native Police 7 Police Magistrate 8 Death and legacy 9 References 10 External linksEarly life editJohn O Connell Bligh was born in 1834 in Buckinghamshire England He was a grandson of Vice Admiral William Bligh the former Governor of New South Wales and central figure of the mutiny on the Bounty and the Rum Rebellion Bligh was also a nephew of former Lieutenant Governor Sir Maurice Charles O Connell 1 He emigrated to Australia probably around 1850 and lived with his brother Richard John Bligh who had been Commissioner for Crown Lands and head of the Border Police at Warialda since 1847 2 John was appointed Registrar of the Small Debts Court at Warialda in 1852 3 Lieutenant in Native Police editBligh was appointed by the New South Wales Government to the position of sub Lieutenant in the Native Police on 7 April 1853 4 He was nineteen years old Bligh seems to have been posted to the Wide Bay region on a regular basis early on in his career Capture of John Gilburri Fahy editHe captured a runaway convict named John Gilburri Fahy who had been living with the local Wide Bay aboriginals for over twelve years 5 In order to arrest Gilburri Bligh and his troopers handcuffed all the station Aboriginal workers at Barambah pastoral station around a large gum tree overnight to prevent him from receiving any information that the Native Police were nearby 6 Fahy was sent to Cockatoo Island prison but was soon assigned to be an interpreter on the exploratory journey of A C Gregory 7 Further Native Police operations editIn 1854 and 1855 Bligh was transferred to the 8th Division of the Native Police based at the Yabba barracks in the Conondale Range and at Maryborough The funding of the Native Police at this stage was uncertain and Bligh had trouble with equipment supplies and the mutinous conduct of some of his Aboriginal troopers Corporal Donald threatened to hit and handcuff him Ten days later Bligh reported that Donald died of dysentery 8 During this period he pursued a group of Aboriginal people who had committed depredations in the Mary Valley to the coast and massacred them at Teewah Beach 9 In October 1855 Bligh was sent to the Clarence River area to take charge of the section there as a 2nd Lieutenant In June 1857 he was appointed to 1st Lieutenant of the Native Police by Commandant Edric Norfolk Vaux Morisset Bligh was stationed mostly in the Wide Bay Burnett region or on missions involving the recruitment of troopers for the force around the Clarence River districts In 1859 he was involved in dispersing Aboriginals attending the Bunya festival in the Conondale Range The Aboriginals fled to nearby Manumbar where the proprietor noticed that the fear of Bligh acts like a hangman s whip over them 10 The Governor General of New South Wales appointed John O Connell Bligh of the Native Police to be a Magistrate for New South Wales on 30 August 1858 11 Maryborough incident editIn early 1860 Bligh and his troopers then stationed at Coopers Plain barracks just to the south west of Maryborough chased a number of Aboriginals into the town In broad daylight and in front of the citizens of Maryborough these Aboriginals were shot down Several were killed and an unknown number were wounded At one stage Bligh requisitioned a boat in order to shoot two Aboriginals who had fled into the Mary River 12 A meeting was held in the courthouse to collect money for a gift of appreciation to give to Bligh At a ceremony later organised by the high profile Maryborough people Bligh was given a ceremonial sword as a reward for his actions 13 However his actions divided the town with the Maryborough Chronicle describing it as one of the most disgraceful acts ever perpetrated by any community a blot so foul and deep stained as will leave on this otherwise fair portion of God s earth the brand of eternal infamy The Moreton Bay Courier listed the names of individual Aborigines who had been killed including Darkey who was shot down in the street and later roasted and Young Snatchem who was driven into the river before Bligh shot the defenceless tired unresisting wretch in the back 14 On 8 July 1861 Lieut John O Connell Bligh was examined regarding the above incident by the Select Committee on the Native Police Force and the Condition of the Aborigines generally The Select Committee also questioned other witnesses regarding Bligh s actions in the same incident The Select Committee asked his opinion of suggested restructure or disbandment of the Force 15 16 Commandant of the Native Police editAfter the retirement of E N V Morisset John O Connell Bligh was appointed Commandant of the Native Police in July 1861 17 His first major duty as Commandant involved organising the severe reprisals for the Cullin la ringo massacre where in October 1861 Aboriginals around the Nogoa River killed nineteen settlers Bligh travelled to the area and personally oversaw the operations Colonists in the Nogoa region such as Charles Boydell Dutton described how these operations consisted of orders to Native Police officers to disperse blacks wherever they found them Bligh himself dispersed members of peaceful tribes working for the colonists and galloped his horse over an Aboriginal woman causing her extensive injuries 18 Bligh was the commanding officer of the force as the British expanded into the Northern parts of Eastern Australia into areas such as Bowen Peak Downs and Mackay The Native Police under Bligh were instrumental in enforcing colonial rule over the Aboriginals in these areas For much of the time Bligh administered the force from the barracks at Murrays Lagoon near Rockhampton It was here in late 1863 that he received a kick to the face from a horse that caused severe facial and head injuries 19 Police Magistrate editThe reorganisation of the Queensland Police force in early 1864 saw the position of Commandant of the Native Police abolished and the force came under the direct auspices of the new Queensland Police Commissioner David Thompson Seymour Bligh was retired from the force and took up a police magistrate position at Gayndah 20 While in this position Bligh was involved in a controversy that led to his temporary suspension A local vagrant by the name of Tim Shea who presented ill to the police station was arrested and sentenced by Bligh to six months jail Mr Shea died while being transported on an open dray to Maryborough with multiple bruisings and his tongue bitten through later being observed on his body Bligh was to be transferred to Clermont for his actions but his powerful family connections in Brisbane prevented this 21 He later transferred to the gold mining towns of Gympie and Kilkivan 22 Death and legacy editBligh remained as a police magistrate in Gympie until his death in 1880 at the relatively young age of 46 As a result of the kick to the face from the horse in Rockhampton Bligh lost the sight in one eye and had chronic insomnia issues 23 He died of an overdose of chloral hydrate at his home in Gympie 24 Bligh was widower when he died and had several children A daughter Lucy later married Bligh s nephew John Bligh Nutting who had also served in Queensland as an officer in the Native Police 25 Bligh Street in Gympie is likely to have been named after him and given both Gympie and the site of the Yabba Native Police barracks are nearby the Bligh Street in Kilkivan is also very likely to have been named in his honour 26 References edit D D Gazette The Darling Downs Gazette And General Advertiser Vol XX no 4087 Queensland Australia 18 December 1880 p 3 Retrieved 26 August 2023 via National Library of Australia Stubbins Ted Warialda s Richard Bligh bridge the history Warialda Standard Retrieved 21 September 2017 Index page New South Wales Government Gazette No INDEX 18520101 18521231 New South Wales Australia 31 December 1852 p iii Retrieved 21 September 2017 via National Library of Australia NATIVE POLICE New South Wales Government Gazette No 38 New South Wales Australia 8 April 1853 p 655 Retrieved 21 September 2017 via National Library of Australia DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE The Moreton Bay Courier Vol IX no 445 Queensland Australia 23 December 1854 p 2 Retrieved 21 September 2017 via National Library of Australia MARYBOROUGH S EARLIEST DAYS Maryborough Chronicle Wide Bay and Burnett Advertiser No 10 733 Queensland Australia 5 June 1907 p 3 Retrieved 21 September 2017 via National Library of Australia THE Moreton Bay Courier The Moreton Bay Courier Vol X no 477 Queensland Australia 4 August 1855 p 2 Retrieved 21 September 2017 via National Library of Australia Skinner L E 1975 Police of the Pastoral Frontier St Lucia UQP Retrieved 21 September 2017 Brown Elaine Rosemary 2000 Cooloola Coast Noosa to Fraser Island the Aboriginal and settlers histories of a unique environment University of Queensland Press ISBN 978 0 7022 3129 2 THE NATIVE POLICE The Courier Brisbane Vol XV no 1039 Queensland Australia 4 June 1861 p 2 Retrieved 21 September 2017 via National Library of Australia MAGISTRATES New South Wales Government Gazette No 133 New South Wales Australia 31 August 1858 p 1413 Retrieved 27 July 2020 via National Library of Australia Cryle Denis 1989 The Press in Colonial Queensland St Lucia UQP MARYBOROUGH The Moreton Bay Courier Vol XIV no 830 Queensland Australia 21 February 1860 p 4 Retrieved 21 September 2017 via National Library of Australia TO LIEUT JOHN O CONNELL BLIGH NATIVE POLICE Maryborough Chronicle Wide Bay and Burnett Advertiser Qld 1860 1947 21 March 1861 p 2 Retrieved 22 April 2021 Native Police Force Report PDF Queensland Legislative Assembly 1861 p 153 Archived PDF from the original on 19 July 2020 Retrieved 26 July 2020 via Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Queensland Parliament Legislative Assembly Select Committee on Native Police Force and the Condition of the Aborigines Generally 1861 Report from the Select Committee on the Native Police Force and the Condition of the Aborigines Generally together with the proceedings of the Committee and minutes of evidence Fairfax and Belbridge p 153 retrieved 8 August 2020 WEEKLY EPITOME The Courier Brisbane Vol XVI no 1077 Queensland Australia 20 July 1861 p 2 Retrieved 21 September 2017 via National Library of Australia CRUELTY TO THE BLACKS THE MURDER OP MR WILLS AND HIS PEOPLE The Sydney Morning Herald Vol XLV no 7382 New South Wales Australia 3 February 1862 p 8 Retrieved 19 October 2020 via National Library of Australia ROCKHAMPTON Maryborough Chronicle Wide Bay and Burnett Advertiser Vol III no 155 Queensland Australia 5 November 1863 p 2 Retrieved 21 September 2017 via National Library of Australia None Maryborough Chronicle Wide Bay and Burnett Advertiser Vol IV no 165 Queensland Australia 14 January 1864 p 2 Retrieved 21 September 2017 via National Library of Australia THE TIM SHEA TRAGEDY Maryborough Chronicle Wide Bay and Burnett Advertiser Vol VII no 454 Queensland Australia 2 March 1867 p 3 Retrieved 28 October 2017 via National Library of Australia Gympie Mining Report The Brisbane Courier Vol XXXIII no 3 477 Queensland Australia 10 July 1878 p 5 Retrieved 21 September 2017 via National Library of Australia The Brisbane Courier The Brisbane Courier Vol XXXV no 4 233 Queensland Australia 14 December 1880 p 2 Retrieved 21 September 2017 via National Library of Australia LOCAL AND GENERAL NEWS Gympie Times And Mary River Mining Gazette Vol XII no 1346 Queensland Australia 15 December 1880 p 3 Retrieved 21 September 2017 via National Library of Australia Family Notices The Brisbane Courier Vol LV no 12 628 Queensland Australia 2 July 1898 p 4 Retrieved 26 August 2023 via National Library of Australia Under the Peak Maryborough Chronicle Wide Bay and Burnett Advertiser No 4 187 Queensland Australia 25 December 1886 p 7 Retrieved 21 September 2017 via National Library of Australia External links edithttps aiatsis gov au sites default files catalogue resources 92123 pdf Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title John O 27Connell Bligh amp oldid 1213900771, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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