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John Browning

John Moses Browning (January 23, 1855[1] – November 26, 1926) was an American firearm designer who developed many varieties of military and civilian firearms, cartridges, and gun mechanisms – many of which are still in use around the world.[2] He made his first firearm at age 13 in his father's gun shop and was awarded the first of his 128 firearm patents on October 7, 1879, at the age of 24.[3] He is regarded as one of the most successful firearms designers of the 19th and 20th centuries and pioneered the development of modern repeating, semi-automatic, and automatic firearms.[4]

John Moses Browning
Browning, c. 1915
Born(1855-01-23)January 23, 1855
DiedNovember 26, 1926(1926-11-26) (aged 71)
Liège, Belgium
Occupation(s)Gunsmith, founder of Browning Arms Company
SpouseRachel Theresa Child
Children10, including Val A. Browning
Parent
AwardsJohn Scott Medal (1905)
Order of Léopold (1914)
Signature

Browning influenced nearly all categories of firearms design, especially the autoloading of ammunition. He invented, or made significant improvements to, single-shot, lever-action, and pump-action rifles and shotguns. He developed the first reliable and compact autoloading pistols by inventing the telescoping bolt, then integrating the bolt and barrel shroud into what is known as the pistol slide. Browning's telescoping bolt design is now found on nearly every modern semi-automatic pistol, as well as several modern fully automatic weapons. He also developed the first gas-operated firearm, the Colt–Browning Model 1895 machine gun – a system that surpassed mechanical recoil operation to become the standard for most high-power self-loading firearm designs worldwide. He also made significant contributions to automatic cannon development.

Browning's most successful designs include the M1911 pistol, the water-cooled M1917, the air-cooled M1919, and heavy M2 machine guns, the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle, and the Browning Auto-5 – the first semi-automatic shotgun. Some of these arms are still manufactured, often with only minor changes in detail and cosmetics to those assembled by Browning or his licensees. The Browning-designed M1911 and Hi-Power are some of the most copied firearms in the world.[5][6]

Life and works Edit

 
Browning Brothers gun shop, Ogden, Utah Territory, 1882. From left to right: Thomas Samuel Browning, George Emmett Browning, John Moses Browning, Matthew Sandefur Browning, Jonathan Edmund Browning, and Frank Rushton

Browning's father Jonathan—who was among the thousands of pioneers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints who made an exodus from Nauvoo, Illinois, to Utah—established a gunsmith shop in Ogden in 1852. As was common in the Latter-day Saint community at the time, Jonathan Browning was a polygamist, having taken three wives. He fathered 22 children, including John Moses Browning, and raised two stepdaughters with his wife Elizabeth Caroline Clark.[7]

John Moses worked in his father's Ogden shop from the age of seven, where he was taught basic engineering and manufacturing principles, and encouraged to experiment with new concepts. There he developed his first rifle, a single-shot falling block action design, then, in 1878, in partnership with his younger brother, co-founded John Moses and Matthew Sandefur Browning Company, later renamed Browning Arms Company, and began to produce this and other non-military firearms. By 1882, the company employed John and Matthew's half-brothers Jonathan (1859–1939), Thomas (1860–1943), William (1862–1919), and George (1866–1948).

Like his father, Browning was a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and served a two-year mission in Georgia beginning on March 28, 1887.[8]

He married Rachel Theresa Child (September 14, 1860 – September 30, 1934) on April 10, 1879, in Ogden, Weber County, Utah Territory, and the couple had 10 children, two of whom died in infancy.[9]

Firearm designs Edit

 
Browning with an Auto-5

Production examples of the Browning Model 1878 Single Shot Rifle caught the attention of the Winchester Repeating Arms Company,[10] who dispatched a representative to evaluate the competition. Winchester bought the design for $8,000 and moved production to their Connecticut factory. From 1883, Browning worked in partnership with Winchester and designed a series of rifles and shotguns, most notably the lever action Winchester Model 1887 and the Model 1897 pump shotgun, the falling-block single-shot Model 1885, and the lever-action Model 1886, Model 1892, Model 1894, Model 1895 rifles. After falling out with Winchester, Browning designed the long recoil operated semi-automatic Remington Model 8 rifle. Many of the models are still in production today in some form; over six million Model 1894s had been produced as of 1983, more than any other sporting rifle in history.[11]

Winchester manufactured several popular small arms designed by John M. Browning. For decades in the late 19th century-early 20th century, Browning designs and Winchester firearms were synonymous and the collaboration was highly successful. This came to an end when Browning proposed a new long recoil operated semi-automatic shotgun design, a prototype finished in 1898, to Winchester management, which ultimately became the Browning Auto-5 shotgun. As was the custom of the time, Browning's earlier designs had been sold exclusively to Winchester for a single fee payment. With this new product, Browning and his brother Matthew sought royalties based upon unit sales, rather than a single front-end fee payment. If the new shotgun became highly successful, the Browning company stood to make substantially more income. Winchester management, which had agreed to royalties for an earlier Browning shotgun design that was never manufactured, now refused to accede to the Brownings' terms. Remington Arms also was approached but the president of the company died of a heart attack while the Brownings were waiting to offer him the gun. Remington would later produce a copy of the Auto-5 as the Model 11 which was used by the US Military and was also sold to the civilian market.[12]

Having recently successfully negotiated firearm licenses with Fabrique Nationale de Herstal of Belgium (FN), Browning took the new shotgun design to FN; the offer was accepted and FN manufactured the new shotgun, honoring its inventor, as the Browning Auto-5. The Browning Auto-5 was continuously manufactured as a highly popular shotgun throughout the 20th century. In response, Winchester shifted reliance away from John Browning designs when it adopted a shotgun design of Thomas Crossley Johnson for the new Winchester Model 1911 SL, (Johnson had to work around Browning's patents of what became the Auto-5[citation needed]) and the new Model 1912 pump shotgun, which was based in small part upon design features of the earlier Browning-designed Winchester Model 1897 shotgun. This shift marked the end of an era of Winchester-Browning collaboration.

Later work and life Edit

 
Browning in his later years

John Browning was known as a dedicated and tireless innovator and experimenter who sought breakthrough consumer-oriented features and performance and reliability improvements in small arms designs. He did not retire in his later years but dedicated his entire adult life – literally to his last day – to these pursuits. On November 26, 1926, while working at the bench on a self-loading pistol design for Fabrique Nationale de Herstal (FN) in Liège, he died of heart failure in the design shop of his son Val A. Browning. Even the 9 mm semi-automatic pistol he was working on when he died had great design merit and was eventually completed in 1935 by Belgian designer Dieudonné Saive. Released as the Fabrique Nationale GP35, it was more popularly known as the successful Browning Hi-Power pistol, a favorite of sportsmen and gun collectors as well as many military and law enforcement agencies around the world.

The premium-priced Browning Superposed shotgun, an over-under shotgun design, was his last completed firearm design. It was marketed originally with twin triggers; a single trigger modification was later completed by his son, Val Browning. Commercially introduced in 1931 by FN, Browning Superposed shotguns, and their more affordable cousins, the Browning Citori made in Asia, continue to be manufactured into the 21st century and come with varying grades of fine hand engraving and premium quality wood.

Throughout his life, Browning designed a vast array of military and civilian small arms for his own company, as well as for Winchester, Colt, Remington, Savage, Stevens, and Fabrique Nationale de Herstal of Belgium. Browning firearms have been made, both licensed and unlicensed, by hundreds of factories around the world. Browning Arms Company was established in 1927, the year after Browning's death on November 26, 1926, in Liège, Belgium. In 1977, FN Herstal acquired the company.

Legacy Edit

The M1895 Machine Gun saw action in the Spanish–American War with the United States Marine Corps. The Colt M1911, Browning 1917/19, and the BAR saw action with US forces in World War I, World War II, and the Korean War. The M1911 went on to serve as the U.S.'s standard military side arm until 1986; a variant is still used by special operations units of the United States Marine Corps and the design remains very popular among civilian shooters and some police departments. The Browning Hi-Power has had a similarly lengthy period of military service outside the United States and remains the standard sidearm of the Australian and Canadian armed forces. The .50 caliber M2 Browning machine gun – the enduring "Ma Deuce" – was developed in 1918, entered service with the US Armed Forces in 1921, and has remained in active service for over a century with militaries across the world in a variety of roles. The 37mm M4 autocannon was initially designed by Browning in 1921 and entered service in 1938; it was used both in aircraft and on U.S. Navy PT boats during World War II.

Products Edit

Several of Browning's designs are still in production today. Some of his most notable designs include:

Cartridges Edit

Firearms Edit

Pistols Edit

Shotguns Edit

Rifles Edit

Machine guns Edit

Selected patents Edit

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ Pelley, Doug (July 2004). "Pictures of Headstones: John M. Browning". Dapcom. from the original on February 5, 2007. Retrieved January 23, 2007.
  2. ^ Borth, Christy (1945). Masters of Mass Production. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Company. pp. 152, 156–9. OCLC 609185692.
  3. ^ Rattenbury, Richard C. "John Moses Browning". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. from the original on July 26, 2008. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
  4. ^ (PDF). The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. November 18, 1989. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 20, 2012. By 1900, over 75% of the repeating sporting arms on the United States market, both lever and pump, were of John's invention
  5. ^ "The World's Most Copied Pistol". September 2022.
  6. ^ "Best Pistol Ever: What Makes the 1911 So Good?". May 23, 2013.
  7. ^ Browning.com September 5, 2018, at the Wayback Machine "In Honor of the Parents of 'the Father of Modern Firearms'". Retrieved September 5, 2018.
  8. ^ "Early Mormon Missionaries: John Moses Browning".
  9. ^ Browning September 22, 2018, at the Wayback Machine "Honoring 'The Father of the Browning Company'", Browning.com. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
  10. ^ "NRA Museums".
  11. ^ Wallack, LR. "Sixty Million Guns". 1983. In Gun Digest Treasury, Harold A. Murtz, editor, DBI Books. 1994 p.190 ISBN 0873491564
  12. ^ Gorenstein, Nathan (2021). The Guns of John Moses Browning. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9781982129217.

General sources Edit

  • Browning, John, and Curt Gentry (1964). John M. Browning, American Gunmaker. New York: Doubleday. OCLC 1329440.

External links Edit

  • M-1911 Pistol History

john, browning, other, people, named, disambiguation, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspape. For other people named John Browning see John Browning disambiguation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources John Browning news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message John Moses Browning January 23 1855 1 November 26 1926 was an American firearm designer who developed many varieties of military and civilian firearms cartridges and gun mechanisms many of which are still in use around the world 2 He made his first firearm at age 13 in his father s gun shop and was awarded the first of his 128 firearm patents on October 7 1879 at the age of 24 3 He is regarded as one of the most successful firearms designers of the 19th and 20th centuries and pioneered the development of modern repeating semi automatic and automatic firearms 4 John Moses BrowningBrowning c 1915Born 1855 01 23 January 23 1855Ogden Utah Territory U S DiedNovember 26 1926 1926 11 26 aged 71 Liege BelgiumOccupation s Gunsmith founder of Browning Arms CompanySpouseRachel Theresa ChildChildren10 including Val A BrowningParentJonathan Browning father AwardsJohn Scott Medal 1905 Order of Leopold 1914 SignatureBrowning influenced nearly all categories of firearms design especially the autoloading of ammunition He invented or made significant improvements to single shot lever action and pump action rifles and shotguns He developed the first reliable and compact autoloading pistols by inventing the telescoping bolt then integrating the bolt and barrel shroud into what is known as the pistol slide Browning s telescoping bolt design is now found on nearly every modern semi automatic pistol as well as several modern fully automatic weapons He also developed the first gas operated firearm the Colt Browning Model 1895 machine gun a system that surpassed mechanical recoil operation to become the standard for most high power self loading firearm designs worldwide He also made significant contributions to automatic cannon development Browning s most successful designs include the M1911 pistol the water cooled M1917 the air cooled M1919 and heavy M2 machine guns the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle and the Browning Auto 5 the first semi automatic shotgun Some of these arms are still manufactured often with only minor changes in detail and cosmetics to those assembled by Browning or his licensees The Browning designed M1911 and Hi Power are some of the most copied firearms in the world 5 6 Contents 1 Life and works 1 1 Firearm designs 1 2 Later work and life 1 3 Legacy 2 Products 2 1 Cartridges 2 2 Firearms 2 3 Pistols 2 4 Shotguns 2 5 Rifles 2 6 Machine guns 3 Selected patents 4 See also 5 References 6 General sources 7 External linksLife and works Edit nbsp Browning Brothers gun shop Ogden Utah Territory 1882 From left to right Thomas Samuel Browning George Emmett Browning John Moses Browning Matthew Sandefur Browning Jonathan Edmund Browning and Frank RushtonBrowning s father Jonathan who was among the thousands of pioneers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints who made an exodus from Nauvoo Illinois to Utah established a gunsmith shop in Ogden in 1852 As was common in the Latter day Saint community at the time Jonathan Browning was a polygamist having taken three wives He fathered 22 children including John Moses Browning and raised two stepdaughters with his wife Elizabeth Caroline Clark 7 John Moses worked in his father s Ogden shop from the age of seven where he was taught basic engineering and manufacturing principles and encouraged to experiment with new concepts There he developed his first rifle a single shot falling block action design then in 1878 in partnership with his younger brother co founded John Moses and Matthew Sandefur Browning Company later renamed Browning Arms Company and began to produce this and other non military firearms By 1882 the company employed John and Matthew s half brothers Jonathan 1859 1939 Thomas 1860 1943 William 1862 1919 and George 1866 1948 Like his father Browning was a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints and served a two year mission in Georgia beginning on March 28 1887 8 He married Rachel Theresa Child September 14 1860 September 30 1934 on April 10 1879 in Ogden Weber County Utah Territory and the couple had 10 children two of whom died in infancy 9 Firearm designs Edit nbsp Browning with an Auto 5Production examples of the Browning Model 1878 Single Shot Rifle caught the attention of the Winchester Repeating Arms Company 10 who dispatched a representative to evaluate the competition Winchester bought the design for 8 000 and moved production to their Connecticut factory From 1883 Browning worked in partnership with Winchester and designed a series of rifles and shotguns most notably the lever action Winchester Model 1887 and the Model 1897 pump shotgun the falling block single shot Model 1885 and the lever action Model 1886 Model 1892 Model 1894 Model 1895 rifles After falling out with Winchester Browning designed the long recoil operated semi automatic Remington Model 8 rifle Many of the models are still in production today in some form over six million Model 1894s had been produced as of 1983 more than any other sporting rifle in history 11 Winchester manufactured several popular small arms designed by John M Browning For decades in the late 19th century early 20th century Browning designs and Winchester firearms were synonymous and the collaboration was highly successful This came to an end when Browning proposed a new long recoil operated semi automatic shotgun design a prototype finished in 1898 to Winchester management which ultimately became the Browning Auto 5 shotgun As was the custom of the time Browning s earlier designs had been sold exclusively to Winchester for a single fee payment With this new product Browning and his brother Matthew sought royalties based upon unit sales rather than a single front end fee payment If the new shotgun became highly successful the Browning company stood to make substantially more income Winchester management which had agreed to royalties for an earlier Browning shotgun design that was never manufactured now refused to accede to the Brownings terms Remington Arms also was approached but the president of the company died of a heart attack while the Brownings were waiting to offer him the gun Remington would later produce a copy of the Auto 5 as the Model 11 which was used by the US Military and was also sold to the civilian market 12 Having recently successfully negotiated firearm licenses with Fabrique Nationale de Herstal of Belgium FN Browning took the new shotgun design to FN the offer was accepted and FN manufactured the new shotgun honoring its inventor as the Browning Auto 5 The Browning Auto 5 was continuously manufactured as a highly popular shotgun throughout the 20th century In response Winchester shifted reliance away from John Browning designs when it adopted a shotgun design of Thomas Crossley Johnson for the new Winchester Model 1911 SL Johnson had to work around Browning s patents of what became the Auto 5 citation needed and the new Model 1912 pump shotgun which was based in small part upon design features of the earlier Browning designed Winchester Model 1897 shotgun This shift marked the end of an era of Winchester Browning collaboration Later work and life Edit nbsp Browning in his later yearsJohn Browning was known as a dedicated and tireless innovator and experimenter who sought breakthrough consumer oriented features and performance and reliability improvements in small arms designs He did not retire in his later years but dedicated his entire adult life literally to his last day to these pursuits On November 26 1926 while working at the bench on a self loading pistol design for Fabrique Nationale de Herstal FN in Liege he died of heart failure in the design shop of his son Val A Browning Even the 9 mm semi automatic pistol he was working on when he died had great design merit and was eventually completed in 1935 by Belgian designer Dieudonne Saive Released as the Fabrique Nationale GP35 it was more popularly known as the successful Browning Hi Power pistol a favorite of sportsmen and gun collectors as well as many military and law enforcement agencies around the world The premium priced Browning Superposed shotgun an over under shotgun design was his last completed firearm design It was marketed originally with twin triggers a single trigger modification was later completed by his son Val Browning Commercially introduced in 1931 by FN Browning Superposed shotguns and their more affordable cousins the Browning Citori made in Asia continue to be manufactured into the 21st century and come with varying grades of fine hand engraving and premium quality wood Throughout his life Browning designed a vast array of military and civilian small arms for his own company as well as for Winchester Colt Remington Savage Stevens and Fabrique Nationale de Herstal of Belgium Browning firearms have been made both licensed and unlicensed by hundreds of factories around the world Browning Arms Company was established in 1927 the year after Browning s death on November 26 1926 in Liege Belgium In 1977 FN Herstal acquired the company Legacy Edit The M1895 Machine Gun saw action in the Spanish American War with the United States Marine Corps The Colt M1911 Browning 1917 19 and the BAR saw action with US forces in World War I World War II and the Korean War The M1911 went on to serve as the U S s standard military side arm until 1986 a variant is still used by special operations units of the United States Marine Corps and the design remains very popular among civilian shooters and some police departments The Browning Hi Power has had a similarly lengthy period of military service outside the United States and remains the standard sidearm of the Australian and Canadian armed forces The 50 caliber M2 Browning machine gun the enduring Ma Deuce was developed in 1918 entered service with the US Armed Forces in 1921 and has remained in active service for over a century with militaries across the world in a variety of roles The 37mm M4 autocannon was initially designed by Browning in 1921 and entered service in 1938 it was used both in aircraft and on U S Navy PT boats during World War II Products EditSeveral of Browning s designs are still in production today Some of his most notable designs include Cartridges Edit 25 ACP 32 ACP 38 ACP 380 ACP 45 ACP 50 BMG 9mm Browning Long Firearms Edit Pistols Edit FN M1899 M1900 32 ACP Colt Model 1900 38 ACP Colt Model 1902 38 ACP Colt Model 1903 Pocket Hammer 38 ACP FN Model 1903 9mm Browning Long Colt Model 1903 Pocket Hammerless 32 ACP FN Model 1906 Vest Pocket 25 ACP Colt Model 1908 Vest Pocket 25 ACP Colt Model 1908 Pocket Hammerless 380 ACP FN Model 1910 32 ACP 380 ACP FN model 1922 32 ACP and 380 ACP U S M1911 pistol 45 ACP Browning Hi Power 9mm Parabellum Colt Woodsman pistol 22 LR Shotguns Edit Savage Model 720 long recoil semi automatic shotgun Ithaca Model 37 pump action repeating shotgun Stevens Model 520 620 pump action repeating shotgun Winchester Model 1887 lever action repeating shotgun Winchester Model 1893 pump action repeating shotgun Winchester Model 1897 pump action repeating shotgun Winchester Model 1912 pump action repeating shotgun Browning Auto 5 long recoil semi automatic shotgun Browning Superposed over under shotgun Remington Model 17 pump action repeating shotgunRifles Edit Winchester Model 1885 falling block single shot rifle Winchester Model 1886 lever action repeating rifle Winchester Model 1890 slide action repeating rifle 22 LR Winchester Model 1892 lever action repeating rifle Winchester Model 1894 lever action repeating rifle Winchester Model 1895 lever action repeating rifle Winchester Model 1900 bolt action single shot rifle 22 LR Remington Model 8 semi auto rifle Browning 22 Semi Auto rifle 22 LR Remington Model 24 semi auto rifle 22 LR FN Trombone pump action rifle 22 LR U S M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle BAR Machine guns Edit U S M1895 air cooled gas operated machine gun U S M1917 water cooled recoil operated machine gun U S M1919 air cooled recoil operated machine gun U S M2 50 caliber heavy machine gun U S M4 37mm Automatic GunSelected patents EditU S Patent 220 271 Winchester 1885 single shot rifle Browning s first patent U S Patent 306 577 Winchester 1886 and Model 71 lever action rifles U S Patent 336 287 Winchester Model 1887 1901 lever action shotgun U S Patent 385 238 Winchester 1890 pump action rifle U S Patent 441 390 Winchester 1893 and 1897 pump action shotguns U S Patent 465 339 Winchester 1892 lever action rifle U S Patent 524 702 Winchester 1894 lever action rifle U S Patent 544 657 Colt Browning Model 1895 machine gun U S Patent 549 345 Winchester 1895 lever action rifle U S Patent 580 924 Colt 1900 automatic pistol U S Patent 632 094 Winchester 1900 bolt action single shot 22 rifle U S Patent 689 283 Browning Auto 5 shotgun also Remington Model 11 and Savage 720 U S Patent 659 786 Remington Model 8 semi automatic rifle U S Patent 678 937 M1917 Browning machine gun U S Patent 747 585 Colt Model 1903 Pocket Hammerless automatic pistol U S Patent 781 765 U S Patent 864 609 Stevens 520 pump action shotgun U S Patent 808 003 Colt Model 1905 in 45 ACP predecessor to the M1911 U S Patent 947 478 FN Model 1906 and Colt Model 1908 Vest Pocket in 25 ACP U S Patent 984 519 Colt 1911 U S Patent 1 065 341 Browning 22 Semi Auto rifle and Remington model 24 U S Patent 1 143 170 Remington Model 17 and Ithaca 37 pump action shotguns U S Patent 1 276 716 Colt Woodsman U S Patent 1 293 022 Browning Automatic Rifle Model of 1918 U S Patent 1 424 553 FN Trombone pump action 22 caliber repeater Rare in USA U S Patent 1 525 065 37 mm automatic cannons M1 and M4 U S Patent 1 578 638 Browning Superposed over under shotgun U S Patent 1 618 510 FN and Browning Hi Power pistol U S Patent 1 628 226 M2 Browning machine gun in 50 BMGSee also EditBrowning Arms Company John Moses Browning House Charles Petter Sig Holding SIG SauerReferences Edit Pelley Doug July 2004 Pictures of Headstones John M Browning Dapcom Archived from the original on February 5 2007 Retrieved January 23 2007 Borth Christy 1945 Masters of Mass Production Indianapolis Bobbs Merrill Company pp 152 156 9 OCLC 609185692 Rattenbury Richard C John Moses Browning Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc Archived from the original on July 26 2008 Retrieved September 22 2018 Browning Firearms Collection PDF The American Society of Mechanical Engineers November 18 1989 Archived from the original PDF on November 20 2012 By 1900 over 75 of the repeating sporting arms on the United States market both lever and pump were of John s invention The World s Most Copied Pistol September 2022 Best Pistol Ever What Makes the 1911 So Good May 23 2013 Browning com Archived September 5 2018 at the Wayback Machine In Honor of the Parents of the Father of Modern Firearms Retrieved September 5 2018 Early Mormon Missionaries John Moses Browning Browning Archived September 22 2018 at the Wayback Machine Honoring The Father of the Browning Company Browning com Retrieved September 22 2018 NRA Museums Wallack LR Sixty Million Guns 1983 In Gun Digest Treasury Harold A Murtz editor DBI Books 1994 p 190 ISBN 0873491564 Gorenstein Nathan 2021 The Guns of John Moses Browning Simon amp Schuster ISBN 9781982129217 General sources EditBrowning John and Curt Gentry 1964 John M Browning American Gunmaker New York Doubleday OCLC 1329440 External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to John Browning The Ogden Union Station Browning Museum M 1911 Pistol History 1911 Pistol Photo Reference Site Past Items Sold at Auction Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title John Browning amp oldid 1178171098, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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