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The Mescaleros

The Mescaleros were the British backing band for British singer, musician and songwriter Joe Strummer, formed in 1999, which issued three albums prior to Strummer's death in 2002.

The Mescaleros
Background information
Genres
Years active1999–2002
LabelsHellcat
Past membersJoe Strummer
Martin Slattery
Scott Shields
Antony Genn
Simon Stafford
Tymon Dogg
John Blackburn
Jimmy Hogarth
Pablo Cook
Luke Bullen
Steve "Smiley" Barnard
Websitewww.myspace.com/themescaleros

Many of the band members were multi-instrumentalists. The original line up consisted of Strummer on vocals and guitar, Antony Genn on guitar, Scott Shields on bass, guitar and drums, Martin Slattery on keyboards and guitar, as well as flute and saxophone on select songs, Pablo Cook on various percussion instruments and Steve Barnard on drums, using his stage moniker "Smiley". Richard Flack was also employed to use effects and instruments.

The name "The Mescaleros" for my new group is something I just stole from a cowboy film I was watching one night. So, um, really, doesn't have any meaning to the direction. But we're moving in a kind of roots reggae, rock thing. I mean, more or less, as if time hadn't passed. But, we're trying to move it into the future as well. Definitely don't wanna stay in the past. Gotta get out of the past! It's a quagmire of treacle.

Joe Strummer, 1999, Hultsfred Festival, Sweden

The Mescaleros rose out of Strummer's work with Pablo Cook and Richard Norris. The three of them originally came together to write the soundtracks for two short films, Tunnel of Love, and Question of Honour. The song "Yalla Yalla" was originally written by this trio, and mixed by Antony Genn. Once Genn was brought on board, a new song "Techno D-Day" was recorded, at which point Strummer, at the behest of Genn, began recording a new record.

The original drummer, Ged Lynch, left the band before recording on Rock Art & the X-Ray Style was complete and Smiley (Robbie Williams' former drummer) was brought in to finish recording. Shields and Slattery were recruited through a number of contacts with the band. Slattery had also appeared on Robbie Williams' Life Thru a Lens album, and Scott Shields was a friend of Slattery's. Oddly enough, in the initial lineup, only Smiley was playing the instrument which he knew best.

Genn reportedly did not have the ability to play sufficient lead guitar, hence Slattery was brought in. He, however, was trained in horns and keyboards and was a multi-instrumentalist. Strummer once joked that Slattery could play a hole in the windshield of the tour bus. Shields had previously been a drummer but was recruited to play bass, and later guitar.

History edit

The Mescaleros' first gig was in Antony Genn's hometown of Sheffield at The Leadmill on 5 June 1999. They toured extensively for the next six months, including playing the Glastonbury Festival, the U.S. and Europe. 2000 saw the band play Big Day Out in Australia and New Zealand, as well as touring Japan.

The band signed with the Californian punk label Hellcat Records, and issued three albums. Following the release of the first, Rock Art and the X-Ray Style, they toured England and North America; sets included several Clash-fan favourites.

Singer-songwriter Tymon Dogg, a longtime friend of Joe Strummer, joined the band in 2000 playing violin and Spanish guitar. He contributed some of the tunes on Global A Go-Go, including "Mondo Bongo".

Honorary Mescaleros include John Blackburn and Jimmy Hogarth, both of whom played bass in place of Scott Shields on the 2000 tour supporting The Who, which was also Tymon Dogg's first tour with the band. Andy Boo, Srummer's guitar tech also appeared in the Mescaleros line up in place of Pablo Cook on percussion at a gig in Finland 1999.[1]

Following the departure of Genn and Smiley, Scott Shields moved to guitar, Simon Stafford was brought on board to play bass, and Luke Bullen was recruited to play drums. Pablo Cook left in August 2001 to join Moby.

Following the release of Global a Go-Go, Joe Strummer and the Mescaleros mounted a 21-date tour of North America, Britain, and Ireland. Once again, these concerts featured Clash material ("London Calling", "Rudie Can't Fail"), as well as classic covers of reggae hits ("The Harder They Come", "A Message to You, Rudy") and regularly closed the show with a nod to Joey Ramone by playing The Ramones' "Blitzkrieg Bop".

Musically, the Mescaleros continued the genre mixing that Strummer was known for during his time with The Clash. Elements of reggae, jazz, funk, hip hop, country, and of course punk rock can be found in the three Mescaleros releases.[1]

The band is also the subject of a documentary by Dick Rude titled Let's Rock Again! which was released on 27 June 2006. The band also appear on many DVDs (see full list below) and have had several of their songs appear in major films such as Black Hawk Down and Mr. & Mrs. Smith. One song, "Johnny Appleseed," was used as the theme song to the HBO series John From Cincinnati.

Joe Strummer & the Mescaleros' last concert was on 22 November 2002, in Liverpool. This show is often overlooked however, in favor of citing the 15 November show at Acton Town Hall. It was this show, which was a benefit for striking fire fighters, that Mick Jones joined Strummer on stage for the first time in nearly twenty years, during the Clash song "Bankrobber." An encore followed with both "White Riot" and "London's Burning". The Last Night London Burned, a 64-page book written by George Binette,[2] showing never before published pictures of Joe Strummer and Mick Jones, and a 26-minute film by Gregg McDonald and Alan Miles, were released as a unique visual record of that last London concert by Joe Strummer & the Mescaleros.[3] Following the conclusion of this tour, the band headed straight for the studio, but Strummer died of a congenital heart defect on 22 December 2002[4] after returning home from walking his dogs.

The band's final album Streetcore was released, after Strumer's death, on 20 October 2003.

The band also made appearances on the Late Show with David Letterman, Late Night with Conan O'Brien, as well as touring on the Hootenany Festival in the summer of 2001.

Various Mescaleros members have performed at numerous tribute concerts in both UK & Europe. Pablo Cook & Smiley together with Mike Peters (the Alarm), Derek Forbes (Simple Minds), Steve Harris (Gary Numan) are members of Los Mondo Bongo, a celebration of the music of Joe Strummer, who together with Ray Gange (DJ) tour whenever possible, performing Mescaleros tunes.

Antony Genn currently fronts The Hours, a band that he and fellow Mescalero Martin Slattery formed in 2004.

In an October 2013 interview with BBC 6 Music, Mick Jones confirmed that in the months prior to Strummer's death, the two were writing new music together. At the time, Jones assumed the new songs would be on an upcoming Mescaleros album. But months later he ran into Strummer at an event, and Strummer informed him that the music was intended for a new Clash album.[5]

Members edit

Discography edit

Joe Strummer & The Mescaleros discography
Studio albums3
Compilation albums5
Music videos8
Singles7
Studio albums
Year Album Information Chart positions
U.K.
[6][7]
U.S
[8]
1999 Rock Art and the X-Ray Style 71
2001 Global A Go-Go
  • Released: 24 July 2001 (2001-07-24)
  • Label: Hellcat Records
68
2003 Streetcore
  • Released: 21 October 2003 (2003-10-21)
  • Label: Hellcat
50 160
Soundtracks, compilations, box sets and live albums
Year Album Information Chart positions
U.K.
[6][7]
U.S
[8]
2007 Joe Strummer: The Future is Unwritten
  • Released: 18 May 2007 (2007-05-18)
  • Label: Hellcat
2012 Joe Strummer & The Mescaleros: The Hellcat Years
  • Released: 21 August 2012 (2012-08-21)
  • Label: Hellcat
58
2012 Live at Acton Town Hall
  • Released: 23 November 2012 (2012-11-23)
  • Label: Hellcat
66
2018 Joe Strummer 001
  • Released: 28 September 2018 (2018-09-28)
  • Label: Ignition
2021 Assembly
  • Released: 2 February 2021 (2021-02-02)
  • Label: BMG
2022 Joe Strummer 002: The Mescaleros Years
  • Released: 16 September 2022 (2022-09-16)
  • Label: BMG
Singles
Year Single Album Chart positions
U.K.
[6][7]
1999 "Yalla Yalla" (Ineligible to chart) Rock Art and the X-Ray Style
1999 "Tony Adams" Rock Art and the X-Ray Style
2001 "Johnny Appleseed" Global A Go-Go 153
2003 "Coma Girl" Streetcore 33
"Redemption Song" / "Arms Aloft" 46
2018 "London is Burning" Joe Strummer 001
2022 "The Road to Rock 'N' Roll (Demo)" Joe Strummer 002: The Mescaleros Years
"Fantastic"

Music videos edit

List of music videos, showing year released and director
Title Year Director
"Yalla Yalla" 1999
"Tony Adams"
"Johnny Appleseed" 2001
"Coma Girl" 2003
"Redemption Song"
"London is Burning" 2018 Kevin Petillo
"Junco Partner (Acoustic)" 2021 Spencer Ramsey
"I Fought the Law (Live)"
"The Road to Rock 'N' Roll (Demo)" 2022

DVDs on which Joe Strummer & The Mescaleros appear:

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b Encoule, Jean (January 2003). "Joe Strummer - 1952-2002". trakMARX.com. Retrieved 17 November 2007. The Mescaleros duly delivered "Rock Art & The X-Ray Style" (1999) & "Global A Go-Go" (2001). The Mescaleros may have changed from tour to tour, but the songs remained the same (Joe even found work for his old busking pal and fiddle-player Tymon Dogg, for the first time since Sandinista). The music was a glorious amalgamation of every aspect of Joe's character: as wide as his vision & as big as his heart. I caught shows on each tour, to see Joe again after so long was just as exhilarating as it had been the first time round. The last time I saw him I'd decided that he was gonna live forever & turn into a gnarled punk/blues/world amalgamation of Bo Diddly, Woody Guthrie & Muddy Waters – a man for all seasons & all generations. A foot soldier of the old guard destined to continue teaching lesser minds the beauty & power of legitimate protest through an art-form: "Let fury have the hour, anger can be power, you know that we can use it".
  2. ^ Binette, George Robert (2003). The Last Night London Burned. London. ISBN 0-9544620-0-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ^ McDonald, Gregg; Alan Miles (2003). "The Last Night London Burned". theclash.org.uk. Retrieved 4 December 2007. A Film by Gregg McDonald and Alan Miles. - An account of Joe Strummer and The Mescaleros (featuring Mick Jones) FBU benefit concert at Acton Town Hall
  4. ^ . ENTERTAINMENT. CNN.com. 23 December 2002. Archived from the original on 17 November 2007. Retrieved 23 November 2007. Strummer, who was the band's guitarist, vocalist and songwriter alongside Mick Jones, died on Sunday at his farmhouse in Somerset, southwestern England.
  5. ^ "The Clash - Mick Jones: 'Secret Joe Strummer Tunes Could Have Sparked The Clash's Comeback'". Contact Music. 4 October 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
  6. ^ a b c "The Official Charts Company - Joe Strummer and the Mescaleros". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
  7. ^ a b c "Chart Log UK: DJ S - The System of Life". Dipl.-Bibl.(FH) Tobias Zywietz, 1994–2009. Retrieved 17 February 2010.
  8. ^ a b "allmusic ((( Joe Strummer > Charts & Awards > Billboard Albums )))". Billboard. Retrieved 20 July 2010.

References edit

Further reading edit

External links edit

  • Home of The Mescaleros
  • Festival of music and film to celebrate the work of Joe Strummer
  • The Joe Strummer Foundation for New Music
  • Richard Flack Music Production

mescaleros, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, cit. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources The Mescaleros news newspapers books scholar JSTOR August 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article relies largely or entirely on a single source Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources Find sources The Mescaleros news newspapers books scholar JSTOR August 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Mescaleros were the British backing band for British singer musician and songwriter Joe Strummer formed in 1999 which issued three albums prior to Strummer s death in 2002 The MescalerosBackground informationGenresAlternative rockpost punkpunk rockfolk rockreggae rockYears active1999 2002LabelsHellcatPast membersJoe StrummerMartin SlatteryScott ShieldsAntony GennSimon StaffordTymon DoggJohn BlackburnJimmy HogarthPablo CookLuke BullenSteve Smiley BarnardWebsitewww myspace com themescalerosMany of the band members were multi instrumentalists The original line up consisted of Strummer on vocals and guitar Antony Genn on guitar Scott Shields on bass guitar and drums Martin Slattery on keyboards and guitar as well as flute and saxophone on select songs Pablo Cook on various percussion instruments and Steve Barnard on drums using his stage moniker Smiley Richard Flack was also employed to use effects and instruments The name The Mescaleros for my new group is something I just stole from a cowboy film I was watching one night So um really doesn t have any meaning to the direction But we re moving in a kind of roots reggae rock thing I mean more or less as if time hadn t passed But we re trying to move it into the future as well Definitely don t wanna stay in the past Gotta get out of the past It s a quagmire of treacle Joe Strummer 1999 Hultsfred Festival Sweden The Mescaleros rose out of Strummer s work with Pablo Cook and Richard Norris The three of them originally came together to write the soundtracks for two short films Tunnel of Love and Question of Honour The song Yalla Yalla was originally written by this trio and mixed by Antony Genn Once Genn was brought on board a new song Techno D Day was recorded at which point Strummer at the behest of Genn began recording a new record The original drummer Ged Lynch left the band before recording on Rock Art amp the X Ray Style was complete and Smiley Robbie Williams former drummer was brought in to finish recording Shields and Slattery were recruited through a number of contacts with the band Slattery had also appeared on Robbie Williams Life Thru a Lens album and Scott Shields was a friend of Slattery s Oddly enough in the initial lineup only Smiley was playing the instrument which he knew best Genn reportedly did not have the ability to play sufficient lead guitar hence Slattery was brought in He however was trained in horns and keyboards and was a multi instrumentalist Strummer once joked that Slattery could play a hole in the windshield of the tour bus Shields had previously been a drummer but was recruited to play bass and later guitar Contents 1 History 2 Members 3 Discography 4 Music videos 5 Notes 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksHistory editThe Mescaleros first gig was in Antony Genn s hometown of Sheffield at The Leadmill on 5 June 1999 They toured extensively for the next six months including playing the Glastonbury Festival the U S and Europe 2000 saw the band play Big Day Out in Australia and New Zealand as well as touring Japan The band signed with the Californian punk label Hellcat Records and issued three albums Following the release of the first Rock Art and the X Ray Style they toured England and North America sets included several Clash fan favourites Singer songwriter Tymon Dogg a longtime friend of Joe Strummer joined the band in 2000 playing violin and Spanish guitar He contributed some of the tunes on Global A Go Go including Mondo Bongo Honorary Mescaleros include John Blackburn and Jimmy Hogarth both of whom played bass in place of Scott Shields on the 2000 tour supporting The Who which was also Tymon Dogg s first tour with the band Andy Boo Srummer s guitar tech also appeared in the Mescaleros line up in place of Pablo Cook on percussion at a gig in Finland 1999 1 Following the departure of Genn and Smiley Scott Shields moved to guitar Simon Stafford was brought on board to play bass and Luke Bullen was recruited to play drums Pablo Cook left in August 2001 to join Moby Following the release of Global a Go Go Joe Strummer and the Mescaleros mounted a 21 date tour of North America Britain and Ireland Once again these concerts featured Clash material London Calling Rudie Can t Fail as well as classic covers of reggae hits The Harder They Come A Message to You Rudy and regularly closed the show with a nod to Joey Ramone by playing The Ramones Blitzkrieg Bop Musically the Mescaleros continued the genre mixing that Strummer was known for during his time with The Clash Elements of reggae jazz funk hip hop country and of course punk rock can be found in the three Mescaleros releases 1 The band is also the subject of a documentary by Dick Rude titled Let s Rock Again which was released on 27 June 2006 The band also appear on many DVDs see full list below and have had several of their songs appear in major films such as Black Hawk Down and Mr amp Mrs Smith One song Johnny Appleseed was used as the theme song to the HBO series John From Cincinnati Joe Strummer amp the Mescaleros last concert was on 22 November 2002 in Liverpool This show is often overlooked however in favor of citing the 15 November show at Acton Town Hall It was this show which was a benefit for striking fire fighters that Mick Jones joined Strummer on stage for the first time in nearly twenty years during the Clash song Bankrobber An encore followed with both White Riot and London s Burning The Last Night London Burned a 64 page book written by George Binette 2 showing never before published pictures of Joe Strummer and Mick Jones and a 26 minute film by Gregg McDonald and Alan Miles were released as a unique visual record of that last London concert by Joe Strummer amp the Mescaleros 3 Following the conclusion of this tour the band headed straight for the studio but Strummer died of a congenital heart defect on 22 December 2002 4 after returning home from walking his dogs The band s final album Streetcore was released after Strumer s death on 20 October 2003 The band also made appearances on the Late Show with David Letterman Late Night with Conan O Brien as well as touring on the Hootenany Festival in the summer of 2001 Various Mescaleros members have performed at numerous tribute concerts in both UK amp Europe Pablo Cook amp Smiley together with Mike Peters the Alarm Derek Forbes Simple Minds Steve Harris Gary Numan are members of Los Mondo Bongo a celebration of the music of Joe Strummer who together with Ray Gange DJ tour whenever possible performing Mescaleros tunes Antony Genn currently fronts The Hours a band that he and fellow Mescalero Martin Slattery formed in 2004 In an October 2013 interview with BBC 6 Music Mick Jones confirmed that in the months prior to Strummer s death the two were writing new music together At the time Jones assumed the new songs would be on an upcoming Mescaleros album But months later he ran into Strummer at an event and Strummer informed him that the music was intended for a new Clash album 5 Members editJoe Strummer lead vocals rhythm guitar Martin Slattery lead guitar keyboards saxophone flute Scott Shields guitar bass guitar Antony Genn guitar 1999 2000 Simon Stafford bass guitar trombone 2001 2002 Tymon Dogg violin Spanish guitar keyboards 2000 2002 John Blackburn bass guitar 2000 Jimmy Hogarth bass guitar 2000 Pablo Cook percussion 1999 2001 Luke Bullen drums 2001 2002 Steve Smiley Barnard drums 1999 2000 Discography editJoe Strummer amp The Mescaleros discographyStudio albums3Compilation albums5Music videos8Singles7Studio albumsYear Album Information Chart positionsU K 6 7 U S 8 1999 Rock Art and the X Ray Style Released 19 October 1999 1999 10 19 Label Mercury Records UK Hellcat Records US 71 2001 Global A Go Go Released 24 July 2001 2001 07 24 Label Hellcat Records 68 2003 Streetcore Released 21 October 2003 2003 10 21 Label Hellcat 50 160Soundtracks compilations box sets and live albumsYear Album Information Chart positionsU K 6 7 U S 8 2007 Joe Strummer The Future is Unwritten Released 18 May 2007 2007 05 18 Label Hellcat 2012 Joe Strummer amp The Mescaleros The Hellcat Years Released 21 August 2012 2012 08 21 Label Hellcat 58 2012 Live at Acton Town Hall Released 23 November 2012 2012 11 23 Label Hellcat 66 2018 Joe Strummer 001 Released 28 September 2018 2018 09 28 Label Ignition 2021 Assembly Released 2 February 2021 2021 02 02 Label BMG 2022 Joe Strummer 002 The Mescaleros Years Released 16 September 2022 2022 09 16 Label BMG SinglesYear Single Album Chart positionsU K 6 7 1999 Yalla Yalla Ineligible to chart Rock Art and the X Ray Style1999 Tony Adams Rock Art and the X Ray Style2001 Johnny Appleseed Global A Go Go 1532003 Coma Girl Streetcore 33 Redemption Song Arms Aloft 462018 London is Burning Joe Strummer 0012022 The Road to Rock N Roll Demo Joe Strummer 002 The Mescaleros Years Fantastic Music videos editList of music videos showing year released and director Title Year Director Yalla Yalla 1999 Tony Adams Johnny Appleseed 2001 Coma Girl 2003 Redemption Song London is Burning 2018 Kevin Petillo Junco Partner Acoustic 2021 Spencer Ramsey I Fought the Law Live The Road to Rock N Roll Demo 2022DVDs on which Joe Strummer amp The Mescaleros appear Joe Strummer The Future is Unwritten Directed by Julien Temple out on DVD September 2007 Viva Joe Strummer Directed by M Parkinson Let s Rock Again Directed by Dick Rude Later with Jools Holland Legends Hootenanny DVD Give Em the Boot Glastonbury the Movie Black Hawk Down soundtrack Le scaphandre et le papillon The Diving Bell and the Butterfly 2007 Notes edit a b Encoule Jean January 2003 Joe Strummer 1952 2002 trakMARX com Retrieved 17 November 2007 The Mescaleros duly delivered Rock Art amp The X Ray Style 1999 amp Global A Go Go 2001 The Mescaleros may have changed from tour to tour but the songs remained the same Joe even found work for his old busking pal and fiddle player Tymon Dogg for the first time since Sandinista The music was a glorious amalgamation of every aspect of Joe s character as wide as his vision amp as big as his heart I caught shows on each tour to see Joe again after so long was just as exhilarating as it had been the first time round The last time I saw him I d decided that he was gonna live forever amp turn into a gnarled punk blues world amalgamation of Bo Diddly Woody Guthrie amp Muddy Waters a man for all seasons amp all generations A foot soldier of the old guard destined to continue teaching lesser minds the beauty amp power of legitimate protest through an art form Let fury have the hour anger can be power you know that we can use it Binette George Robert 2003 The Last Night London Burned London ISBN 0 9544620 0 9 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link McDonald Gregg Alan Miles 2003 The Last Night London Burned theclash org uk Retrieved 4 December 2007 A Film by Gregg McDonald and Alan Miles An account of Joe Strummer and The Mescaleros featuring Mick Jones FBU benefit concert at Acton Town Hall Clash star Joe Strummer dies ENTERTAINMENT CNN com 23 December 2002 Archived from the original on 17 November 2007 Retrieved 23 November 2007 Strummer who was the band s guitarist vocalist and songwriter alongside Mick Jones died on Sunday at his farmhouse in Somerset southwestern England The Clash Mick Jones Secret Joe Strummer Tunes Could Have Sparked The Clash s Comeback Contact Music 4 October 2013 Retrieved 4 October 2013 a b c The Official Charts Company Joe Strummer and the Mescaleros Official Charts Company Retrieved 20 July 2010 a b c Chart Log UK DJ S The System of Life Dipl Bibl FH Tobias Zywietz 1994 2009 Retrieved 17 February 2010 a b allmusic Joe Strummer gt Charts amp Awards gt Billboard Albums Billboard Retrieved 20 July 2010 References editDavie Anthony 2004 Vision of a Homeland The History of Joe Strummer amp the Mescaleros Northampton Effective ISBN 0 9548568 0 5 OCLC 123775358 Further reading editD Ambrosio Antonino 13 October 2004 Let Fury Have the Hour The Punk Rock Politics of Joe Strummer New York Nation Books ISBN 1 56025 625 7 OCLC 56988650 Edited with an Introduction by Antonino D Ambrosio Davie Anthony 2010 Joe Strummer amp the Mescaleros F 54385 Rosieres en Haye France Camion Blanc ISBN 978 2 35779 048 3 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location link Davie Anthony 2004 New and Previously Unpublished Photographs Joe Strummer amp the Mescaleros Northampton Effective ISBN 0 9548568 1 3 OCLC 64898380 DeCurtis Anthony 2003 1952 2002 Joe Strummer A tribute to the late Clash singer and songwriter plus his final remarks on the rise and fall of the legendary punk band Rolling Stone Vol 914 no 27 San Francisco CA Straight Arrow ISSN 0035 791X OCLC 96002520 Matula Theodore December 2003 Joe Strummer 1952 2002 Popular Music and Society Bowling Green Ohio Taylor amp Francis 26 4 523 525 doi 10 1080 0300776032000144968 OCLC 89586252 S2CID 191412037 Salewicz Chris 15 May 2007 Redemption Song The Ballad of Joe Strummer 1st American ed New York Faber and Faber ISBN 978 0 571 21178 4 OCLC 76794852 External links editHome of The Mescaleros Festival of music and film to celebrate the work of Joe Strummer The Joe Strummer Foundation for New Music Richard Flack Music Production Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title The Mescaleros amp oldid 1184724126, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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