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Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich

January 01, 1970

The Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich (S6MF) or Sentinel-6A is a radar altimeter satellite developed in partnership between several European and American organizations. It is part of the Jason satellite series and is named after Michael Freilich. S6MF includes synthetic-aperture radar altimetry techniques to improve ocean topography measurements, in addition to rivers and lakes.[2] The spacecraft entered service in mid 2021 and is expected to operate for 5.5 years.

Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich
Illustration of the Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich spacecraft in orbit above Earth with its deployable solar panels extended
NamesSentinel-6A
Jason-CS A
Mission typeOceanography mission
OperatorEUMETSAT / NASA
COSPAR ID2020-086A
SATCAT no.46984
Websitewww.eumetsat.int/sentinel-6
Mission duration5.5 years (planned)
3 years, 5 months and 29 days (in progress)
Spacecraft properties
BusSentinel-6
ManufacturerAirbus Defence and Space
Launch mass1,192 kg (2,628 lb)
Dimensions5.13 x 4.17 x 2.34 metres
Power891 watts
Start of mission
Launch date21 November 2020,
17:17:08 UTC
RocketFalcon 9 Block 5
Launch siteVandenberg, SLC-4E
ContractorSpaceX
Entered service21 June 2021 [1]
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric orbit
RegimeLow Earth orbit
Altitude1,336 km (830 mi)
Inclination66.0°
Repeat interval10 days
Instruments
  • Radar altimeter
  • Advanced Microwave Radiometer (AMR-C)
  • GNSS Precise Orbit Determination (POD) Receiver
  • DORIS Receiver
  • Laser Reflector Array (LRA)
  • Radio-occultation instrument

Logo of the Sentinel-6 programme
← Sentinel-5
Sentinel-7 →
 
← Jason-3
Sentinel-6B (2025) →

Spacecraft edit

 
Inside SpaceX's Payload Processing Facility at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, the U.S.-European Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich ocean-monitoring satellite is being encapsulated in the SpaceX Falcon 9 payload fairing on 3 November 2020. (NASA)

The Sentinel-6 program includes two identical satellites, to be launched five years apart, Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich, which launched on 21 November 2020,[3] and Sentinel-6B, which will launch in 2025.[4] These satellites will measure sea level change from space, which have been measured without interruption since 1992.[5][6]

Formerly called Sentinel-6A and Jason-CS A (Jason Continuity of Service-A), it was renamed in honor of the former director of NASA Earth Science Division, Michael Freilich, who was instrumental in advancing space-based ocean measurements. It follows the most recent U.S.-European sea level observation satellite, Jason-3, which launched in 2016, and is currently providing high-precision and timely observations of the topography of the global ocean.[7]

Context edit

Since the launch of TOPEX/Poseidon on 10 August 1992, high-precision satellite altimeters have been essential to monitor how the ocean stores and redistributes heat, water, and carbon in the climate system. The two satellites, Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich and Sentinel-6B, will extend this legacy through to at least 2030, which will provide a nearly forty-year record of sea level rise as well as changes in ocean currents.[4][8]

Partnership edit

The Sentinel-6 was developed by European Space Agency (ESA) in the context of the European Copernicus Programme led by the European Commission, the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), NASA, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), with funding support from the European Commission and technical support from France's National Centre for Space Studies (CNES, Centre national d'études spatiales).[9]

The Sentinel-6 mission is part of the Copernicus programme initiative, the main objective of the Sentinel-6 mission is to measure sea surface topography with high accuracy and reliability to support ocean forecasting systems, environmental monitoring and climate monitoring.[10]

The mission definition is driven by the need for continuity in provision of TOPEX/Poseidon mission and Jason satellite series (Jason-1, OSTM/Jason-2, and Jason-3) with improvements in instrument performance and coverage.[11] ESA, NASA, and EUMETSAT will provide mission management and system engineering support. EUMETSAT and NASA will be responsible for long-term archives of altimetry data products. All partners will be involved with the selection of science investigators.[11]

Responsibilities of partners edit

Launch

ESA

  • has responsibility for the development of the first satellite and the ground prototype processors, and for procurement of the second satellite on behalf of EUMETSAT and the European Commission
  • has responsibility for conducting the Launch and Early Operations Phase (LEOP) of both satellites
  • supports flight operations performed by EUMETSAT

EUMETSAT

  • has responsibility for ground segment development and coordination at system level, including for operations preparation
  • has responsibility for conducting operations of the two satellites after LEOP performed by ESA
  • has responsibility for conducting operations of the European part of the ground segment, including processing of altimeter data and delivery of product services to European users

NASA

  • has responsibility for the development and delivery of the U.S. payload instruments, the microwave radiometer and the GNSS radio occultation receiver
  • provides launch services for both satellites
  • provides ground segment development support and will contribute to operations and data processing on the U.S. side, including processing of GNSS radio occultation data
  • with NOAA, shares responsibility for the distribution of products to research and operational users in the U.S.

NOAA

  • provides a U.S. ground station for tracking and command of the satellite and data downlinks
  • with NASA, shares responsibility for the distribution of products to research and operational users in the U.S.

CNES

  • has responsibility for processing higher-level products (L2P, L3)
  • has responsibility for providing precise orbit determination and support for Doris and altimeter operations [12]

Instruments edit

References edit

  1. ^ "New sea-level monitoring satellite goes live". ESA. 21 June 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  2. ^ Donlon, Craig J.; Cullen, Robert; Giulicchi, Luisella; Vuilleumier, Pierrik; Francis, C. Richard; Kuschnerus, Mieke; Simpson, William; Bouridah, Abderrazak; Caleno, Mauro; Bertoni, Roberta; Rancaño, Jesus (1 June 2021). "The Copernicus Sentinel-6 mission: Enhanced continuity of satellite sea level measurements from space". Remote Sensing of Environment. 258: 112395. Bibcode:2021RSEnv.258k2395D. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2021.112395. ISSN 0034-4257. S2CID 233566650.
  3. ^ Howell, Elizabeth (20 November 2020). "SpaceX will launch the Sentinel-6 ocean-mapping satellite Saturday". SPACE.com. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  4. ^ a b . sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov. NASA. August 2020. Archived from the original on 8 April 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2020.   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  5. ^ "A Decade of Global Sea Level Measurements: Jason-2 Marks Tenth Year in Orbit". nesdis.noaa.gov. NOAA. 20 June 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2021.   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  6. ^ B., Mark (8 September 2020). "NASA Sentinel 6 Michael Freilich to Launch in November 2020". Science Times.
  7. ^ "NASA TV to Air Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich Launch, Prelaunch Activities". NASA. 13 November 2020. Retrieved 22 November 2020.   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  8. ^ "Upcoming Satellite Mission will Improve Hurricane Forecasts and Climate Science, NOAA Expert Says". NOAA. 14 August 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2021.   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  9. ^ Greicius, Tony (19 November 2020). "Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich Satellite Prepared for Launch". NASA. Retrieved 21 November 2020.   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  10. ^ "Copernicus Sentinel-6: Testing Complete for New International Ocean Satellite". SciTechDaily. 15 June 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  11. ^ a b "Sentinel-6 Overview". ESA. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  12. ^ a b "Sentinel-6". EUMETSAT. 19 May 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2021.

January 01, 1970
sentinel, michael, freilich, s6mf, sentinel, radar, altimeter, satellite, developed, partnership, between, several, european, american, organizations, part, jason, satellite, series, named, after, michael, freilich, s6mf, includes, synthetic, aperture, radar, . The Sentinel 6 Michael Freilich S6MF or Sentinel 6A is a radar altimeter satellite developed in partnership between several European and American organizations It is part of the Jason satellite series and is named after Michael Freilich S6MF includes synthetic aperture radar altimetry techniques to improve ocean topography measurements in addition to rivers and lakes 2 The spacecraft entered service in mid 2021 and is expected to operate for 5 5 years Sentinel 6 Michael FreilichIllustration of the Sentinel 6 Michael Freilich spacecraft in orbit above Earth with its deployable solar panels extendedNamesSentinel 6AJason CS AMission typeOceanography missionOperatorEUMETSAT NASACOSPAR ID2020 086ASATCAT no 46984Websitewww wbr eumetsat wbr int wbr sentinel 6Mission duration5 5 years planned 3 years 5 months and 29 days in progress Spacecraft propertiesBusSentinel 6ManufacturerAirbus Defence and SpaceLaunch mass1 192 kg 2 628 lb Dimensions5 13 x 4 17 x 2 34 metresPower891 wattsStart of missionLaunch date21 November 2020 17 17 08 UTCRocketFalcon 9 Block 5Launch siteVandenberg SLC 4EContractorSpaceXEntered service21 June 2021 1 Orbital parametersReference systemGeocentric orbitRegimeLow Earth orbitAltitude1 336 km 830 mi Inclination66 0 Repeat interval10 daysInstrumentsRadar altimeterAdvanced Microwave Radiometer AMR C GNSS Precise Orbit Determination POD ReceiverDORIS ReceiverLaser Reflector Array LRA Radio occultation instrumentLogo of the Sentinel 6 programme Sentinel programme Sentinel 5Sentinel 7 Copernicus programme Jason 3Sentinel 6B 2025 Contents 1 Spacecraft 2 Context 3 Partnership 3 1 Responsibilities of partners 4 Instruments 5 ReferencesSpacecraft edit nbsp Inside SpaceX s Payload Processing Facility at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California the U S European Sentinel 6 Michael Freilich ocean monitoring satellite is being encapsulated in the SpaceX Falcon 9 payload fairing on 3 November 2020 NASA The Sentinel 6 program includes two identical satellites to be launched five years apart Sentinel 6 Michael Freilich which launched on 21 November 2020 3 and Sentinel 6B which will launch in 2025 4 These satellites will measure sea level change from space which have been measured without interruption since 1992 5 6 Formerly called Sentinel 6A and Jason CS A Jason Continuity of Service A it was renamed in honor of the former director of NASA Earth Science Division Michael Freilich who was instrumental in advancing space based ocean measurements It follows the most recent U S European sea level observation satellite Jason 3 which launched in 2016 and is currently providing high precision and timely observations of the topography of the global ocean 7 Context editSince the launch of TOPEX Poseidon on 10 August 1992 high precision satellite altimeters have been essential to monitor how the ocean stores and redistributes heat water and carbon in the climate system The two satellites Sentinel 6 Michael Freilich and Sentinel 6B will extend this legacy through to at least 2030 which will provide a nearly forty year record of sea level rise as well as changes in ocean currents 4 8 Partnership editThe Sentinel 6 was developed by European Space Agency ESA in the context of the European Copernicus Programme led by the European Commission the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites EUMETSAT NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA with funding support from the European Commission and technical support from France s National Centre for Space Studies CNES Centre national d etudes spatiales 9 The Sentinel 6 mission is part of the Copernicus programme initiative the main objective of the Sentinel 6 mission is to measure sea surface topography with high accuracy and reliability to support ocean forecasting systems environmental monitoring and climate monitoring 10 The mission definition is driven by the need for continuity in provision of TOPEX Poseidon mission and Jason satellite series Jason 1 OSTM Jason 2 and Jason 3 with improvements in instrument performance and coverage 11 ESA NASA and EUMETSAT will provide mission management and system engineering support EUMETSAT and NASA will be responsible for long term archives of altimetry data products All partners will be involved with the selection of science investigators 11 Responsibilities of partners edit source source source source source source source Launch ESA has responsibility for the development of the first satellite and the ground prototype processors and for procurement of the second satellite on behalf of EUMETSAT and the European Commission has responsibility for conducting the Launch and Early Operations Phase LEOP of both satellites supports flight operations performed by EUMETSAT EUMETSAT has responsibility for ground segment development and coordination at system level including for operations preparation has responsibility for conducting operations of the two satellites after LEOP performed by ESA has responsibility for conducting operations of the European part of the ground segment including processing of altimeter data and delivery of product services to European users NASA has responsibility for the development and delivery of the U S payload instruments the microwave radiometer and the GNSS radio occultation receiver provides launch services for both satellites provides ground segment development support and will contribute to operations and data processing on the U S side including processing of GNSS radio occultation data with NOAA shares responsibility for the distribution of products to research and operational users in the U S NOAA provides a U S ground station for tracking and command of the satellite and data downlinks with NASA shares responsibility for the distribution of products to research and operational users in the U S CNES has responsibility for processing higher level products L2P L3 has responsibility for providing precise orbit determination and support for Doris and altimeter operations 12 Instruments editPOSEIDON4 a radar altimeter developed by ESA based on the Sentinel 3 SRAL instrument but with a design adopted to allow an interleaved mode combining a synthetic aperture radar High Resolution HR mode and a low resolution LR mode based on pulse limited altimetry Advanced Microwave Radiometer AMR C provided by NASA Global Navigation Satellite System Precise Orbit Determination GNSS POD receiver developed by ESA and derived from the GNSS Receiver on Sentinel 3 Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite DORIS Receiver identical to the one used on Jason 3 and Sentinel 3 Laser Reflector Array LRA used for satellite laser ranging identical to the one used on Jason 3 provided by NASA GNSS Radio Occultation GNSS RO based on a Tri G receiver provided by NASA 12 References edit nbsp Spaceflight portal New sea level monitoring satellite goes live ESA 21 June 2021 Retrieved 23 June 2021 Donlon Craig J Cullen Robert Giulicchi Luisella Vuilleumier Pierrik Francis C Richard Kuschnerus Mieke Simpson William Bouridah Abderrazak Caleno Mauro Bertoni Roberta Rancano Jesus 1 June 2021 The Copernicus Sentinel 6 mission Enhanced continuity of satellite sea level measurements from space Remote Sensing of Environment 258 112395 Bibcode 2021RSEnv 258k2395D doi 10 1016 j rse 2021 112395 ISSN 0034 4257 S2CID 233566650 Howell Elizabeth 20 November 2020 SpaceX will launch the Sentinel 6 ocean mapping satellite Saturday SPACE com Retrieved 21 November 2020 a b Jason CS Sentinel 6 Summary sealevel jpl nasa gov NASA August 2020 Archived from the original on 8 April 2017 Retrieved 2 November 2020 nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain A Decade of Global Sea Level Measurements Jason 2 Marks Tenth Year in Orbit nesdis noaa gov NOAA 20 June 2018 Retrieved 26 May 2021 nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain B Mark 8 September 2020 NASA Sentinel 6 Michael Freilich to Launch in November 2020 Science Times NASA TV to Air Sentinel 6 Michael Freilich Launch Prelaunch Activities NASA 13 November 2020 Retrieved 22 November 2020 nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Upcoming Satellite Mission will Improve Hurricane Forecasts and Climate Science NOAA Expert Says NOAA 14 August 2020 Retrieved 26 May 2021 nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Greicius Tony 19 November 2020 Sentinel 6 Michael Freilich Satellite Prepared for Launch NASA Retrieved 21 November 2020 nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Copernicus Sentinel 6 Testing Complete for New International Ocean Satellite SciTechDaily 15 June 2020 Retrieved 26 May 2021 a b Sentinel 6 Overview ESA Retrieved 29 October 2019 a b Sentinel 6 EUMETSAT 19 May 2020 Retrieved 26 May 2021 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sentinel 6 Michael Freilich amp oldid 1202378212, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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