Japanese corvette Kaimon

Kaimon (海門, Sea Gate)^[1] was a sail-and-steam corvette of the early Imperial Japanese Navy. Although the name Kaimon translates to "sea gate", the ship was named for Mount Kaimon, although written with different kanji, located in Kagoshima prefecture.

Japanese armed sloop Kaimon 1886-1887
History
Empire of Japan
Name	Kaimon
Ordered	1877 Fiscal Year
Builder	Yokosuka Naval Arsenal, Japan
Laid down	1 September 1877
Launched	28 August 1882
Commissioned	13 March 1884
Stricken	21 May 1905
Fate	Mined off Port Arthur 5 July 1904
General characteristics
Type	Steam corvette
Displacement	1,358 long tons (1,380 t)
Length	64.68 m (212 ft 2 in)
Beam	10.9 m (35 ft 9 in)
Draft	5.2 m (17 ft 1 in)
Propulsion	Horizontally-mounted reciprocating engine, 1,267 hp (945 kW) 4 boilers 1 shaft
Sail plan	bark-rigged sloop
Speed	12 knots (14 mph; 22 km/h)
Range	256 tons coal
Complement	210
Armament	1 × 170 mm (6.7 in) Krupp breech-loading guns 6 × 120 mm (4.7 in) Krupp guns 1 × 80 mm (3.1 in) gun 4 × 25 mm (1 in) quadruple Nordenfelt guns 1 × 11.5 mm (0.45 in) quadruple Nordenfelt guns

Background

Kaimon was a three-masted bark-rigged sloop-of-war with a coal-fired double expansion reciprocating steam engine with four boilers driving a single screw.^[2] She was laid down at the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal on 1 September 1877, launched on 28 August 1882 and commissioned on 13 March 1884.^[3] Her construction required over six years, due to numerous technical issues and problems with funding.

The design of Kaimon was almost identical to the corvette Tenryū, completed a year later at the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal. Both ships were designed by French foreign advisors to the early Meiji government in the employ of the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal.^[2] During her launching ceremony, a flock of white doves (the traditional messengers of the war god Hachiman) was released, setting a precedent for all future launchings of Japanese warships. Her first captain was Lieutenant Commander Tsuboi Kōzō.

Operational history

Kaimon saw combat service in the First Sino-Japanese War, at the landings of Japanese forces at Chemulpo in Korea, and subsequently at the Battle of Yalu River under the command of Lieutenant Commander Sakurai Kikunozo. She also served with the Japanese task force that supported the invasion of Taiwan in 1895.

On 21 March 1898, Kaimon was re-designated as a third-class coastal defense ship, and was used for coastal survey and patrol duties.

During the Russo-Japanese War, Kaimon was assigned to patrol duties between the Korean Peninsula and Tsushima Strait. She was also used as a transport.^[2] She struck a naval mine on 5 July 1904, off Port Arthur (38°50′N 121°50′E / 38.833°N 121.833°E / 38.833; 121.833), and sunk with the loss of her captain and 22 crewmen. She was struck from the navy list on 21 May 1905.

Notes

1. Nelson, Andrew N. (1967). Japanese–English Character Dictionary. Tuttle. ISBN 0-8048-0408-7.
2. Chesneau, All the World’s Fighting Ships, p. 232.
3. Nishida, Ships of the Imperial Japanese Navy

References

• Corbett, Sir Julian. Maritime Operations in The Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905. (1994) Originally classified, and in two volumes, ISBN 1-55750-129-7
• Chesneau, Roger and Eugene M. Kolesnik (editors), All The World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905, Conway Maritime Press, 1979 reprinted 2002, ISBN 0-85177-133-5
• Jentsura, Hansgeorg (1976). Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-893-X.
• Lengerer, Hans (September 2020). "The 1882 Coup d'État in Korea and the Second Expansion of the Imperial Japanese Navy: A Contribution to the Pre-History of the Chinese-Japanese War 1894–95". Warship International. LVII (3): 185–196. ISSN 0043-0374.
• Lengerer, Hans (December 2020). "The 1884 Coup d'État in Korea — Revision and Acceleration of the Expansion of the IJN: A Contribution to the Pre-History of the Chinese-Japanese War 1894–95". Warship International. LVII (4): 289–302. ISSN 0043-0374.