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Friction drum

January 06, 2023

A friction drum is a musical instrument found in various forms in Africa, Asia, Europe and South America. In Europe it emerged in the 16th century and was associated with specific religious and ceremonial occasions.

Friction drum
Other nameszambomba
Classification
Spanish friction drum
Friction Drum
A friction drum being played.
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Construction

A friction drum is a percussion instrument consisting of a single membrane stretched over a sound box, whose sound is produced by the player causing the membrane to vibrate by friction. The sound box may be a pot or jug or some open-ended hollow object. To produce the friction, the membrane may be directly rubbed with the fingers or through the use of a cloth, or a stick or cord which is attached to the centre of the membrane and then rubbed or moved with a hand, sponge or cloth, generally wet. The membrane may be depressed with the thumb while playing to vary the pitch. When a cord is used the instrument may be referred to as a "string drum" or "lion's roar."

In some friction drums, the friction is obtained by spinning the drum around a pivot.

Use in Western European classical music

The composer Orlando Gibbons (1583–1625) wrote a keyboard fantasia in which he quotes the Dutch melody De Rommelpot. In modern times the friction drum has been used by several Western composers. Edgard Varèse used it in Hyperprism (1924) and Ionisation (1933). Alexander Goehr specifies a "lion's roar" in his Romanza for cello and orchestra (1968). Carl Orff used a whirled friction drum in A Midsummer Night's Dream (1934–52) and Benjamin Britten, in his Children's Crusade, (1969) calls for a string drum to be struck with drumsticks and bowed by means of the stretched string.

Depictions in Western European paintings

The Rommelpot features in several paintings by Dutch painters, including Two Boys and a Girl Making Music by Jan Miense Molenaer (1629, National Gallery, London) and The Fight Between Carnival and Lent by Pieter Brueghel (1559, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna).

Regional use in folk music

  • Belgium: rommelpot.
  • Brazil: cuíca, primarily used in Rio de Janeiro-style Carnival samba. A stick is attached to the centre of the membrane and protrudes into the inside of the sound box, which is an open-ended cylinder. The player reaches inside the sound box from the other end to rub the stick.
  • Denmark: rummelpot or rumlepot. In some parts of Denmark, e.g. Southern Jutland, traditionally groups of masked children go from house to house on New Year's Eve singing songs to the rhythmic accompaniment of the rummelpot and receiving æbleskiver, sweets or fruits in return.
  • France: tambour à friction, and local names (brau, bramadèra, brama-topin, petador, pinhaton in the South). Tambour à cordes is used for a string drum, not be confused with the tambourin à cordes, a stringed instrument.
  • Germany: Brummtopf or Rummelpott, in Berlin and old Prussia Waldteufel. On New Year's Eve there is a tradition in North Germany in which groups of masked children with homemade instruments, including the Rummelpott, go from house to house singing special Rummelpott songs in Low German, receiving sweets or fruits in return. Adults go out later that evening and typically receive shots of schnapps.
  • Hungary: köcsögduda (jughorn or jugpipe), especially used in zither orchestras. Leather or parchment is tightened over the top of a large terracotta or wooden jug. A reed or length of horsehair is fastened to the cover and rubbed with a wet hand.
  • Italy: caccavella or putipù; also known by many other names. The body may be an earthenware pot, a wooden tub or a tin can, with a length of bamboo pierced through an animal skin membrane and rubbed.
  • Malta: ir-rabbaba or iz-zafzafa. The instrument consists of a tin, wood or clay body with a stretched membrane of cat, goat or rabbit skin which has a stick tied in the centre. The stick is rubbed with a wet sponge.
  • Netherlands: foekepot or rommelpot. The syllable “foek” is probably meant to be onomatopoeic. It is rubbed with a rosined stick. In some parts of the Netherlands, e.g. on the island of IJsselmonde, it was tradition, until the 1950s, to go from house to house on New Year's Eve singing songs to the rhythmic accompaniment of the rommelpot. This tradition is still maintained in North Holland on the feast of St. Martin. In Brabant rommelpot can also refer to the dance which is accompanied by the instrument.
  • Poland: burczybas.
  • Portugal: sarronca.
  • Romania: buhai (similar to the Ukrainian buhay), made of a wooden tub or bucket open at both ends with an animal skin tightened over the top and pierced in the middle for a horsehair "ox tail". This is rubbed with a wet hand. It is traditionally used in the New Year's ritual plugușorul ("the little plough"), where it reproduces the sound of oxen mooing when pulling the plough.
  • Russia: gusachyok or gusyok (Russian: Гусачок or гусёк). The top of a clay pot is covered with skin of bull. It is rubbed with a rosined stick.
  • Slovenia: lončeni bas (pottery bass), also called gudalo or vugaš. The instrument is a clay pot, generally between 20 and 40 cm tall, covered with skin or parchment and with a resin-coated hardwood stick of similar length tied in the center.
  • Spain: zambomba. This friction drum can be made from a variety of materials and rubbed either with a rod or with rope. It is particularly associated with Christmas, when it used to accompany the singing of carols.
  • Ukraine: buhay (Ukrainian: бугай) (also known as bugai, buhai, berebenytsia, bika, buga, bochka). This instrument was traditionally used as part of New Year's and Christmas rituals. It is included in Ukrainian folk orchestras.
  • Venezuela: The furro is used in aguinaldos, parrandas and Zulian traditional music such as gaita, these can also be known as furruco, and mandullo.
  • Colombia: zambumbia.
  • Mexico: arcusa, bote del diablo or tigrera.
  • Cuba: ékue.

See also

References

  • The New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians; edited by Stanley Sadie; 1980; ISBN 1-56159-174-2
  • Music in the Renaissance; by Gustave Reese; London 1954
  • Anna Borg-Cardona, 'The Maltese Friction Drum' Journal of the American Musical Instrument Society, vol. XXVII, (2002), pp. 174–210.

External links

  • Mexican friction drum
  • (in English and French) & (Occitan) Description of the traditional petadou used in the County of Nice.
  • Polish friction drum (burczybas)

January 06, 2023
friction, drum, this, article, includes, list, references, related, reading, external, links, sources, remain, unclear, because, lacks, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, april, 2021, learn, when, re. This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations April 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message A friction drum is a musical instrument found in various forms in Africa Asia Europe and South America In Europe it emerged in the 16th century and was associated with specific religious and ceremonial occasions Friction drumOther nameszambombaClassificationMembranophoneSpanish friction drum Friction Drum source source A friction drum being played Problems playing this file See media help Contents 1 Construction 2 Use in Western European classical music 3 Depictions in Western European paintings 4 Regional use in folk music 5 See also 5 1 References 6 External linksConstruction EditA friction drum is a percussion instrument consisting of a single membrane stretched over a sound box whose sound is produced by the player causing the membrane to vibrate by friction The sound box may be a pot or jug or some open ended hollow object To produce the friction the membrane may be directly rubbed with the fingers or through the use of a cloth or a stick or cord which is attached to the centre of the membrane and then rubbed or moved with a hand sponge or cloth generally wet The membrane may be depressed with the thumb while playing to vary the pitch When a cord is used the instrument may be referred to as a string drum or lion s roar In some friction drums the friction is obtained by spinning the drum around a pivot Use in Western European classical music EditThe composer Orlando Gibbons 1583 1625 wrote a keyboard fantasia in which he quotes the Dutch melody De Rommelpot In modern times the friction drum has been used by several Western composers Edgard Varese used it in Hyperprism 1924 and Ionisation 1933 Alexander Goehr specifies a lion s roar in his Romanza for cello and orchestra 1968 Carl Orff used a whirled friction drum in A Midsummer Night s Dream 1934 52 and Benjamin Britten in his Children s Crusade 1969 calls for a string drum to be struck with drumsticks and bowed by means of the stretched string Depictions in Western European paintings EditThe Rommelpot features in several paintings by Dutch painters including Two Boys and a Girl Making Music by Jan Miense Molenaer 1629 National Gallery London and The Fight Between Carnival and Lent by Pieter Brueghel 1559 Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna Regional use in folk music EditBelgium rommelpot Brazil cuica primarily used in Rio de Janeiro style Carnival samba A stick is attached to the centre of the membrane and protrudes into the inside of the sound box which is an open ended cylinder The player reaches inside the sound box from the other end to rub the stick Denmark rummelpot or rumlepot In some parts of Denmark e g Southern Jutland traditionally groups of masked children go from house to house on New Year s Eve singing songs to the rhythmic accompaniment of the rummelpot and receiving aebleskiver sweets or fruits in return France tambour a friction and local names brau bramadera brama topin petador pinhaton in the South Tambour a cordes is used for a string drum not be confused with the tambourin a cordes a stringed instrument Germany Brummtopf or Rummelpott in Berlin and old Prussia Waldteufel On New Year s Eve there is a tradition in North Germany in which groups of masked children with homemade instruments including the Rummelpott go from house to house singing special Rummelpott songs in Low German receiving sweets or fruits in return Adults go out later that evening and typically receive shots of schnapps Hungary kocsogduda jughorn or jugpipe especially used in zither orchestras Leather or parchment is tightened over the top of a large terracotta or wooden jug A reed or length of horsehair is fastened to the cover and rubbed with a wet hand Italy caccavella or putipu also known by many other names The body may be an earthenware pot a wooden tub or a tin can with a length of bamboo pierced through an animal skin membrane and rubbed Malta ir rabbaba or iz zafzafa The instrument consists of a tin wood or clay body with a stretched membrane of cat goat or rabbit skin which has a stick tied in the centre The stick is rubbed with a wet sponge Netherlands foekepot or rommelpot The syllable foek is probably meant to be onomatopoeic It is rubbed with a rosined stick In some parts of the Netherlands e g on the island of IJsselmonde it was tradition until the 1950s to go from house to house on New Year s Eve singing songs to the rhythmic accompaniment of the rommelpot This tradition is still maintained in North Holland on the feast of St Martin In Brabant rommelpot can also refer to the dance which is accompanied by the instrument Poland burczybas Portugal sarronca Romania buhai similar to the Ukrainian buhay made of a wooden tub or bucket open at both ends with an animal skin tightened over the top and pierced in the middle for a horsehair ox tail This is rubbed with a wet hand It is traditionally used in the New Year s ritual plugușorul the little plough where it reproduces the sound of oxen mooing when pulling the plough Russia gusachyok or gusyok Russian Gusachok or gusyok The top of a clay pot is covered with skin of bull It is rubbed with a rosined stick Slovenia lonceni bas pottery bass also called gudalo or vugas The instrument is a clay pot generally between 20 and 40 cm tall covered with skin or parchment and with a resin coated hardwood stick of similar length tied in the center Spain zambomba This friction drum can be made from a variety of materials and rubbed either with a rod or with rope It is particularly associated with Christmas when it used to accompany the singing of carols Ukraine buhay Ukrainian bugaj also known as bugai buhai berebenytsia bika buga bochka This instrument was traditionally used as part of New Year s and Christmas rituals It is included in Ukrainian folk orchestras Venezuela The furro is used in aguinaldos parrandas and Zulian traditional music such as gaita these can also be known as furruco and mandullo Colombia zambumbia Mexico arcusa bote del diablo or tigrera Cuba ekue See also EditCuicaReferences Edit The New Grove Dictionary of Music amp Musicians edited by Stanley Sadie 1980 ISBN 1 56159 174 2 Music in the Renaissance by Gustave Reese London 1954 Anna Borg Cardona The Maltese Friction Drum Journal of the American Musical Instrument Society vol XXVII 2002 pp 174 210 External links EditMexican friction drum in English and French amp Occitan Description of the traditional petadou used in the County of Nice Polish friction drum burczybas Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Friction drum amp oldid 1078230548, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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