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Jaba', Haifa

May 09, 2024

This article is about the former Palestinian village in Haifa Sub-district. For other uses, see Jaba.

Jaba' (Arabic: جبع), also known as Gaba, or Geba, in historical writings, was a Palestinian Arab village in the Haifa Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War on July 24, 1948, as part of Operation Shoter. It was located 18.5 km south of Haifa, near Carmel, and ca. 3.25 kilometers (2.02 mi) east of the Mediterranean Sea.

Jaba'
Dscheba,[1] Jeba[2]
Tomb of Shaykh Amir,[3] Jaba, in 2013
Etymology: Hill[4]
1870s map
1940s map
modern map
1940s with modern overlay map
A series of historical maps of the area around Jaba', Haifa (click the buttons)
Jaba'
Location within Mandatory Palestine
Coordinates: 32°39′15″N 34°57′47″E / 32.65417°N 34.96306°E / 32.65417; 34.96306
Palestine grid146/228
Geopolitical entityMandatory Palestine
SubdistrictHaifa
Date of depopulation24–26 July 1948[7]
Area
[6]
 • Total7,012 dunams (7.012 km2 or 2.707 sq mi)
Population
 (1945)
 • Total1,140[5][6]
Cause(s) of depopulationMilitary assault by Yishuv forces
Current LocalitiesGeva Karmel[8][9]

History edit

Classic era edit

Disputed identification edit

Emil Schürer, writing in 1891, identifies this site with a village featuring prominently in the writings of the Jewish historian, Josephus.[10] In the late 1st century BCE, Herod the Great had built a village for his veteran cavalry, and, according to E. Schürer, called this town the city of horsemen.[11][12]

Archaeologist Benjamin Mazar, disputing Schürer in 1957, thought that Gaba of the Horsemen (Geba), mentioned by Josephus in The Jewish War 3.3.1, ought to be identified with the ruin Ḫirbet el-Ḥârithîye (now Sha'ar HaAmakim), since in relation to Simonias, it better fits Josephus' description of Gaba / Gibea (Greek: Γάβα) in Vita § 24 being distant from Simonias 60 stadia (about 11 km.), in addition to the fact that in relation to Besara (Beit She'arin), Gaba / Gibea (Ḫirbet el-Ḥârithîye) stood at a distance of only 20 stadia (about 4 km.) from Besara, also in agreement with Josephus.[13][14][15]

Ottoman era edit

Jaba' was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, like all of Palestine. During the 16th and 17th centuries, Jaba' belonged to the Turabay Emirate (1517-1683), which encompassed also the Jezreel Valley, Haifa, Jenin, Beit She'an Valley, northern Jabal Nablus, Bilad al-Ruha/Ramot Menashe, and the northern part of the Sharon plain.[16][17]

In the 1596 tax registers, it was part of the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Jabal Atlit, part of the larger Sanjak of Lajjun. It had a population of 18 households, all Muslims. The inhabitants paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 7,800 akçe.[18][19]

In 1859, the English Consul Rogers found the population to be 150 souls, with 18 feddans of cultivation.[2]

In 1873, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) visited and found: “There are two closed rock tombs in the ledge south of the village, and a third with a courtyard 14 feet square, sunk 2 feet ; two doors lead into chambers. One has three loculi, one on each wall ; the other has two loculi and a recess 5 feet 6 inches, with two parallel graves under one arcosolium placed like kokim with the feet to the chamber. This is therefore a transitional example. (Compare Sheikh Bureik)

There are several caves north of the village, and another tomb at the head of the valley forming the recess in which the village stands."[20]

In 1882, the SWP described it: "A small village in a recess on the hill-slope close to the plain ; the houses principally of stone. It has a good olive-yard on the west below the village, in which yard the Survey Camp was placed. The water-supply is from a well on the north-west, which has a wheel and troughs. The place seems ancient, having rock-cut tombs and caves.[2]

Jaba' had an elementary school for boys, which was founded by the Ottomans in 1885.[21]

 
An illustration of a lead weight (62x55mm, 212.2 gram) found in 1981 at Tel Shush, with Greek inscription of the city "Gabe", identified as "Geva' Parashim.

British Mandate era edit

In the British Mandate of Palestine period, in the 1922 census of Palestine Jaba had a population of 523; all Muslims,[22] increasing in the 1931 census to 762; 2 Christians and the rest Muslim, in a total of 158 houses.[23]

In the 1945 statistics this had increased to 1,140, all Muslims[5] with a total of 7,012 dunams of land.[6] Of this, 450 dunums were plantations or irrigable land, 4,255 were for cereals,[24] while 60 dunams were classified built-up, (urban), land.[25]

The site has several ancient ruins, including mosaics and tombs.[21]

 
Jaba' 1938 1:20,000
 
Jaba' 1945 1:250,000

1948, aftermath edit

Jaba was in the territory allotted to the Jewish state under the 1947 UN Partition Plan.[26] During the war the militia from the village fired on Jewish vehicles along the essential coast road.[27] In early June 1948, an Israel Defense Forces (IDF) report shows that Ja'ba, together with Ijzim and Ayn Ghazal, were asking the IDF, "to open negotiation for surrender." Nothing resulted from the request.[28] On 14 July, before the Second truce of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Israeli cabinet discussed the three villages in "The Little Triangle". Ben-Gurion said that there was no need to hurry:

"these villages are in our pocket [...] We can act against them also after the [reinstitution of the] truce. This will be a police action... They are not regarded as enemy forces as their area is ours [i.e., in Israel] and they are inhabitants of the state...[and] these villages do not represent a military danger."[29]

The second truce, beginning on the 18 July, was not violated by the villagers.[30]

According to Meron Benvenisti, IDF actions over course of the Second Truce were concentrated on "cleansing" small clusters of Arab villages located in "strategic" areas.[31] Ja'ba was depopulated along with two other villages (Ijzim and 'Ayn Ghazal) located on the western slopes of the Carmel mountains between July 24 and 26.[31] A week after the start of the truce, Israel undertook Operation Shoter ("Operation Policeman"), with the aim of conquering the "Little Triangle" villages.[32] The operation was executed by a combination of brigades from the Israel Defense Forces and the military police.[31] On July 25, street fighting was reported from Ayn Ghazal and Ja'ba. On the morning of the next day, the villages were found deserted.[32]

In September, 1948, when the UN demanded the right of the villagers to return, the Israelis said that the village had fired upon Jewish vehicles along a coast road, and therefore denied their return.[33]

Following the war the area was incorporated into the State of Israel. The moshav of Geva Carmel was established around one kilometer northwest of the old village site, on village land.[8]

In 1992 the village site was described: "Piles of stone rubble can be seen on the site. A shrine still standing on an elevated part of it. Pine forests grow on the land in the vicinity, which is fenced in by barbed wire. Around the village are the remains of tombs. Parts of the site is used by Israelis as grazing land."[21]

References edit

  1. ^ Mülinen, 1908, p.283
  2. ^ a b c Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP, II, p. 42
  3. ^ Sheikh ’Ameir, Sheikh ’Ameir; from personal name, according to Palmer, 1881, p. 152
  4. ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 147
  5. ^ a b Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 14
  6. ^ a b c Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 48
  7. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xviii, village #168. Also gives cause of depopulation
  8. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, pp. 166, 188
  9. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #120
  10. ^ Josephus, Wars of the Jews (ii.xviii.§1); Life of Josephus, p. 77.
  11. ^ Schürer (1891), §23 (The Hellenistic Towns), pp. 127–128.
  12. ^ Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews (xv.viii.§5); Wars of the Jews (iii.iii.§1); called Geba by Pliny, Natural History (v.19.75). see: Josephus (1927). "The Jewish War". doi:10.4159/DLCL.josephus-jewish_war.1927. Retrieved 10 August 2016. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)  – via digital Loeb Classical Library (subscription required) .
  13. ^ Mazar (1957), p. 19; HUCA xxiv (1952/3), pp. 75–81; Avi-Yonah (1940), p. 38
  14. ^ Cf. Josephus, Vita § 24
  15. ^ Dvorjetski (2009)
  16. ^ al-Bakhīt, Muḥammad ʻAdnān; al-Ḥamūd, Nūfān Rajā (1989). "Daftar mufaṣṣal nāḥiyat Marj Banī ʻĀmir wa-tawābiʻihā wa-lawāḥiqihā allatī kānat fī taṣarruf al-Amīr Ṭarah Bāy sanat 945 ah". www.worldcat.org. Amman: Jordanian University. pp. 1–35. Retrieved 2023-05-15.
  17. ^ Marom, Roy; Marom, Tepper; Adams, Matthew, J (2023). "Lajjun: Forgotten Provincial Capital in Ottoman Palestine". Levant. 55 (2): 218–241. doi:10.1080/00758914.2023.2202484. S2CID 258602184.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 158
  19. ^ According to the estimate of Khalidi, there were 99 persons in the village. Khalidi, 1992, p. 165
  20. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 54
  21. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 166
  22. ^ Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Haifa, p. 33
  23. ^ Mills, 1932, p. 92
  24. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 90
  25. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 140
  26. ^ . United Nations. Archived from the original on January 24, 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
  27. ^ Morris, 2004, pp. 438
  28. ^ Morris, 2004, p. 96, note #172, logbook entry, IDF, for 9. June.p. 146
  29. ^ Morris, 2004, pp. 438- 439, note #146, p. 457
  30. ^ Morris, 2004, p. 441, note #169, pp. 458- 459 citing the investigating "Central Truce Supervision Board", chaired by US Brigadier General W.E. Riley. This board also found that the IDF assault on the villages had been a violation of the truce.
  31. ^ a b c Benvenisti, 2000, p. 152.
  32. ^ a b Morris, 2004, p. 439
  33. ^ Morris, 2004, p. 441 notes #170, 171, p. 459

Bibliography edit

  • Avi-Yonah, M. (1940). Map of Roman Palestine. London: Oxford University Press. OCLC 977670060.
  • Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
  • Benveniśtî, M. (2000). Sacred landscape: the buried history of the Holy Land since 1948 (Illustrated ed.). University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21154-5.
  • Buhl, Frants, (1896): Geographie des alten Palästina. p. 210 ff
  • Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1882). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 2. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. (p. 251)
  • Dauphin, C. (1998). La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations. BAR International Series 726 (in French). Vol. III : Catalogue. Oxford: Archeopress. ISBN 0-860549-05-4.
  • Dvorjetski, Esti (2009), "Between the Valley of Zebulun and the Valley of Jezreel: the Historical Geography of Geva-Geba-Gaba-Jaba'", Excavations of the Hellenistic site in Kibbutz Sha'ar-Ha'Amakim (Gaba) 1984-1998, Haifa: Zinman Institute of Archaeology: University of Haifa, ISBN 9789659041879, OCLC 750741899
  • Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945.
  • Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
  • Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
  • Khalidi, W. (1992). All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948. Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
  • Mazar (Maisler), B. (1957). Beth She'arim - Report on the Excavations during 1936–40 (in Hebrew). Vol. 1 (The Catacombs I–IV). Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. p. 19.
  • Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
  • Morris, B. (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6. (pp. 96, 177, 245, 247, 299, 438-41, 457, 458)
  • Mülinen, Egbert Friedrich von 1908, Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Karmels "Separateabdruck aus der Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palëstina-Vereins Band XXX (1907) Seite 117-207 und Band XXXI (1908) Seite 1-258."
  • Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Schürer, E. (1891). Geschichte des jüdischen Volkes im Zeitalter Jesu Christi [A History of the Jewish People in the Time of Jesus Christ]. Geschichte de jüdischen Volkes im Zeitalter Jesu Christi.English. Vol. 1. Translated by Miss Taylor. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.

External links edit

May 09, 2024
jaba, haifa, this, article, about, former, palestinian, village, haifa, district, other, uses, jaba, jaba, arabic, جبع, also, known, gaba, geba, historical, writings, palestinian, arab, village, haifa, subdistrict, depopulated, during, 1948, arab, israeli, jul. This article is about the former Palestinian village in Haifa Sub district For other uses see Jaba Jaba Arabic جبع also known as Gaba or Geba in historical writings was a Palestinian Arab village in the Haifa Subdistrict It was depopulated during the 1948 Arab Israeli War on July 24 1948 as part of Operation Shoter It was located 18 5 km south of Haifa near Carmel and ca 3 25 kilometers 2 02 mi east of the Mediterranean Sea Jaba Dscheba 1 Jeba 2 Tomb of Shaykh Amir 3 Jaba in 2013Etymology Hill 4 1870s map 1940s map modern map 1940s with modern overlay mapA series of historical maps of the area around Jaba Haifa click the buttons Jaba Location within Mandatory PalestineCoordinates 32 39 15 N 34 57 47 E 32 65417 N 34 96306 E 32 65417 34 96306Palestine grid146 228Geopolitical entityMandatory PalestineSubdistrictHaifaDate of depopulation24 26 July 1948 7 Area 6 Total7 012 dunams 7 012 km2 or 2 707 sq mi Population 1945 Total1 140 5 6 Cause s of depopulationMilitary assault by Yishuv forcesCurrent LocalitiesGeva Karmel 8 9 Contents 1 History 1 1 Classic era 1 1 1 Disputed identification 1 2 Ottoman era 1 3 British Mandate era 1 4 1948 aftermath 2 References 3 Bibliography 4 External linksHistory editClassic era edit Disputed identification edit Emil Schurer writing in 1891 identifies this site with a village featuring prominently in the writings of the Jewish historian Josephus 10 In the late 1st century BCE Herod the Great had built a village for his veteran cavalry and according to E Schurer called this town the city of horsemen 11 12 Archaeologist Benjamin Mazar disputing Schurer in 1957 thought that Gaba of the Horsemen Geba mentioned by Josephus in The Jewish War 3 3 1 ought to be identified with the ruin Ḫirbet el Ḥarithiye now Sha ar HaAmakim since in relation to Simonias it better fits Josephus description of Gaba Gibea Greek Gaba in Vita 24 being distant from Simonias 60 stadia about 11 km in addition to the fact that in relation to Besara Beit She arin Gaba Gibea Ḫirbet el Ḥarithiye stood at a distance of only 20 stadia about 4 km from Besara also in agreement with Josephus 13 14 15 Ottoman era edit Jaba was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 like all of Palestine During the 16th and 17th centuries Jaba belonged to the Turabay Emirate 1517 1683 which encompassed also the Jezreel Valley Haifa Jenin Beit She an Valley northern Jabal Nablus Bilad al Ruha Ramot Menashe and the northern part of the Sharon plain 16 17 In the 1596 tax registers it was part of the nahiya subdistrict of Jabal Atlit part of the larger Sanjak of Lajjun It had a population of 18 households all Muslims The inhabitants paid a fixed tax rate of 25 on agricultural products including wheat barley summer crops goats and beehives in addition to occasional revenues a total of 7 800 akce 18 19 In 1859 the English Consul Rogers found the population to be 150 souls with 18 feddans of cultivation 2 In 1873 the PEF s Survey of Western Palestine SWP visited and found There are two closed rock tombs in the ledge south of the village and a third with a courtyard 14 feet square sunk 2 feet two doors lead into chambers One has three loculi one on each wall the other has two loculi and a recess 5 feet 6 inches with two parallel graves under one arcosolium placed like kokim with the feet to the chamber This is therefore a transitional example Compare Sheikh Bureik There are several caves north of the village and another tomb at the head of the valley forming the recess in which the village stands 20 In 1882 the SWP described it A small village in a recess on the hill slope close to the plain the houses principally of stone It has a good olive yard on the west below the village in which yard the Survey Camp was placed The water supply is from a well on the north west which has a wheel and troughs The place seems ancient having rock cut tombs and caves 2 Jaba had an elementary school for boys which was founded by the Ottomans in 1885 21 nbsp An illustration of a lead weight 62x55mm 212 2 gram found in 1981 at Tel Shush with Greek inscription of the city Gabe identified as Geva Parashim British Mandate era edit In the British Mandate of Palestine period in the 1922 census of Palestine Jaba had a population of 523 all Muslims 22 increasing in the 1931 census to 762 2 Christians and the rest Muslim in a total of 158 houses 23 In the 1945 statistics this had increased to 1 140 all Muslims 5 with a total of 7 012 dunams of land 6 Of this 450 dunums were plantations or irrigable land 4 255 were for cereals 24 while 60 dunams were classified built up urban land 25 The site has several ancient ruins including mosaics and tombs 21 nbsp Jaba 1938 1 20 000 nbsp Jaba 1945 1 250 000 1948 aftermath editJaba was in the territory allotted to the Jewish state under the 1947 UN Partition Plan 26 During the war the militia from the village fired on Jewish vehicles along the essential coast road 27 In early June 1948 an Israel Defense Forces IDF report shows that Ja ba together with Ijzim and Ayn Ghazal were asking the IDF to open negotiation for surrender Nothing resulted from the request 28 On 14 July before the Second truce of the 1948 Arab Israeli War the Israeli cabinet discussed the three villages in The Little Triangle Ben Gurion said that there was no need to hurry these villages are in our pocket We can act against them also after the reinstitution of the truce This will be a police action They are not regarded as enemy forces as their area is ours i e in Israel and they are inhabitants of the state and these villages do not represent a military danger 29 The second truce beginning on the 18 July was not violated by the villagers 30 According to Meron Benvenisti IDF actions over course of the Second Truce were concentrated on cleansing small clusters of Arab villages located in strategic areas 31 Ja ba was depopulated along with two other villages Ijzim and Ayn Ghazal located on the western slopes of the Carmel mountains between July 24 and 26 31 A week after the start of the truce Israel undertook Operation Shoter Operation Policeman with the aim of conquering the Little Triangle villages 32 The operation was executed by a combination of brigades from the Israel Defense Forces and the military police 31 On July 25 street fighting was reported from Ayn Ghazal and Ja ba On the morning of the next day the villages were found deserted 32 In September 1948 when the UN demanded the right of the villagers to return the Israelis said that the village had fired upon Jewish vehicles along a coast road and therefore denied their return 33 Following the war the area was incorporated into the State of Israel The moshav of Geva Carmel was established around one kilometer northwest of the old village site on village land 8 In 1992 the village site was described Piles of stone rubble can be seen on the site A shrine still standing on an elevated part of it Pine forests grow on the land in the vicinity which is fenced in by barbed wire Around the village are the remains of tombs Parts of the site is used by Israelis as grazing land 21 References edit Mulinen 1908 p 283 a b c Conder and Kitchener 1882 SWP II p 42 Sheikh Ameir Sheikh Ameir from personal name according to Palmer 1881 p 152 Palmer 1881 p 147 a b Government of Palestine Department of Statistics 1945 p 14 a b c Government of Palestine Department of Statistics Village Statistics April 1945 Quoted in Hadawi 1970 p 48 Morris 2004 p xviii village 168 Also gives cause of depopulation a b Khalidi 1992 pp 166 188 Morris 2004 p xxii settlement 120 Josephus Wars of the Jews ii xviii 1 Life of Josephus p 77 Schurer 1891 23 The Hellenistic Towns pp 127 128 Josephus Antiquities of the Jews xv viii 5 Wars of the Jews iii iii 1 called Geba by Pliny Natural History v 19 75 see Josephus 1927 The Jewish War doi 10 4159 DLCL josephus jewish war 1927 Retrieved 10 August 2016 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help via digital Loeb Classical Library subscription required Mazar 1957 p 19 HUCA xxiv 1952 3 pp 75 81 Avi Yonah 1940 p 38 Cf Josephus Vita 24 Dvorjetski 2009 al Bakhit Muḥammad ʻAdnan al Ḥamud Nufan Raja 1989 Daftar mufaṣṣal naḥiyat Marj Bani ʻAmir wa tawabiʻiha wa lawaḥiqiha allati kanat fi taṣarruf al Amir Ṭarah Bay sanat 945 ah www worldcat org Amman Jordanian University pp 1 35 Retrieved 2023 05 15 Marom Roy Marom Tepper Adams Matthew J 2023 Lajjun Forgotten Provincial Capital in Ottoman Palestine Levant 55 2 218 241 doi 10 1080 00758914 2023 2202484 S2CID 258602184 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Hutteroth and Abdulfattah 1977 p 158 According to the estimate of Khalidi there were 99 persons in the village Khalidi 1992 p 165 Conder and Kitchener 1882 SWP II p 54 a b c Khalidi 1992 p 166 Barron 1923 Table XI Sub district of Haifa p 33 Mills 1932 p 92 Government of Palestine Department of Statistics Village Statistics April 1945 Quoted in Hadawi 1970 p 90 Government of Palestine Department of Statistics Village Statistics April 1945 Quoted in Hadawi 1970 p 140 Map of UN Partition Plan United Nations Archived from the original on January 24 2009 Retrieved 2009 02 09 Morris 2004 pp 438 Morris 2004 p 96 note 172 logbook entry IDF for 9 June p 146 Morris 2004 pp 438 439 note 146 p 457 Morris 2004 p 441 note 169 pp 458 459 citing the investigating Central Truce Supervision Board chaired by US Brigadier General W E Riley This board also found that the IDF assault on the villages had been a violation of the truce a b c Benvenisti 2000 p 152 a b Morris 2004 p 439 Morris 2004 p 441 notes 170 171 p 459Bibliography editAvi Yonah M 1940 Map of Roman Palestine London Oxford University Press OCLC 977670060 Barron J B ed 1923 Palestine Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 Government of Palestine Benvenisti M 2000 Sacred landscape the buried history of the Holy Land since 1948 Illustrated ed University of California Press ISBN 0 520 21154 5 Buhl Frants 1896 Geographie des alten Palastina p 210 ff Conder C R Kitchener H H 1882 The Survey of Western Palestine Memoirs of the Topography Orography Hydrography and Archaeology Vol 2 London Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund p 251 Dauphin C 1998 La Palestine byzantine Peuplement et Populations BAR International Series 726 in French Vol III Catalogue Oxford Archeopress ISBN 0 860549 05 4 Dvorjetski Esti 2009 Between the Valley of Zebulun and the Valley of Jezreel the Historical Geography of Geva Geba Gaba Jaba Excavations of the Hellenistic site in Kibbutz Sha ar Ha Amakim Gaba 1984 1998 Haifa Zinman Institute of Archaeology University of Haifa ISBN 9789659041879 OCLC 750741899 Government of Palestine Department of Statistics 1945 Village Statistics April 1945 Hadawi S 1970 Village Statistics of 1945 A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center Hutteroth Wolf Dieter Abdulfattah Kamal 1977 Historical Geography of Palestine Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten Sonderband 5 Erlangen Germany Vorstand der Frankischen Geographischen Gesellschaft ISBN 3 920405 41 2 Khalidi W 1992 All That Remains The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948 Washington D C Institute for Palestine Studies ISBN 0 88728 224 5 Mazar Maisler B 1957 Beth She arim Report on the Excavations during 1936 40 in Hebrew Vol 1 The Catacombs I IV Jerusalem Israel Exploration Society p 19 Mills E ed 1932 Census of Palestine 1931 Population of Villages Towns and Administrative Areas Jerusalem Government of Palestine Morris B 2004 The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 00967 6 pp 96 177 245 247 299 438 41 457 458 Mulinen Egbert Friedrich von 1908 Beitrage zur Kenntnis des Karmels Separateabdruck aus der Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palestina Vereins Band XXX 1907 Seite 117 207 und Band XXXI 1908 Seite 1 258 Palmer E H 1881 The Survey of Western Palestine Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener R E Transliterated and Explained by E H Palmer Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund Schurer E 1891 Geschichte des judischen Volkes im Zeitalter Jesu Christi A History of the Jewish People in the Time of Jesus Christ Geschichte de judischen Volkes im Zeitalter Jesu Christi English Vol 1 Translated by Miss Taylor New York Charles Scribner s Sons External links editWelcome To Jaba Jaba Zochrot Survey of Western Palestine Map 8 IAA Wikimedia commons Jaba at Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jaba 27 Haifa amp oldid 1210818862, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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