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Jürgen Kocka

February 16, 2024

Jürgen Kocka (born 19 April 1941 in Haindorf, Sudetenland) is a German historian.

Professor Emeritus

Jürgen Kocka
Kocka pictured in 2011
Born (1941-04-19) April 19, 1941 (age 82)
Haindorf, Sudetenland, Germany
NationalityGerman
EducationFree University of Berlin (PhD, 1968)

Honorary doctorate

M.A.
Years active1968-present
EmployerFree University of Berlin
Notable workCapitalism: A Short History

Facing Total War: German Society, 1914-1918

Hitler Should Not Be Repressed By Stalin and Pol Pot
MovementBiefeld school Critical Sonderweg thesis
AwardsList of awards received by Kocka

A university professor and former president of the Social Science Research Center Berlin (2001–2007), Kocka is a major figure in the new Social History, especially as represented by the Bielefeld School. He has focused his research on the history of employees in large German and American businesses, and on the history of European bourgeoisie.

Inspired by the methods of Ernest Labrousse, he attempts to analyze social processes of German society from the perspective of modernisation, industrialization, and the creation of modern Europe.

Life edit

Kocka was born in Haindorf, and gained his PhD from the Free University of Berlin in 1968.

From 1992 to 1996 Kocka was the founding director and is to date a Senior Fellow of the Centre for Contemporary History in Potsdam. Since 2008 he has been vice president of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities.

 
Kocka, pictured in 2011

Social history edit

Kocka was a leader of the Bielefeld School of the "new social history', and recalls how the historiographical movement introduced a vast range of new topics:

In the 1960s and 1970s, "social history" caught the imagination of a young generation of historians. It became a central concept – and a rallying point – of historiographic revisionism. It meant many things at the same time. It gave priority to the study of particular kinds of phenomena, such as classes and movements, urbanization and industrialization, family and education, work and leisure, mobility, inequality, conflicts and revolutions. It stressed structures and processes over actors and events. It emphasized analytical approaches close to the social sciences rather than by the traditional methods of historical hermeneutics. Frequently social historians sympathized with the causes (as they saw them) of the little people, of the underdog, of popular movements, or of the working class. Social history was both demanded and rejected as a vigorous revisionist alternative to the more established ways of historiography, in which the reconstruction of politics and ideas, the history of events and hermeneutic methods traditionally dominated.[1]

Historiographical debates edit

Kocka participated in the German Historikerstreit in the late 1980s, alongside Jürgen Habermas in opposition to Ernst Nolte, and supported the Sonderweg explanation of a unique path of German history. In an essay entitled "Hitler Should Not Be Repressed By Stalin and Pol Pot" first published in Die Zeit newspaper on 26 September 1986, Kocka contended against Nolte that the Holocaust was indeed a "singular" event because it had been committed by an advanced Western nation, and argued that Nolte's comparisons of the Holocaust with similar mass killings in Pol Pot's Cambodia, Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union, and Idi Amin's Uganda were "invalid" because of "the backward nature of those societies".[2] Kocka went on to criticize Nolte's view of the Holocaust as "a not altogether incomprehensible reaction to the prior threat of annihilation, as whose potential or real victims Hitler and the National Socialists allegedly were justified in seeing themselves".[3] Kocka wrote that:

"The real causes of anti-Semitism in Germany are to be found neither in Russia nor the World Jewish Congress. And how can one, in light of the facts, interpret the National Socialist annihilation of the Jews as a somewhat logical, if premature, means of defense against the threats of annihilation coming from the Soviet Union, with which Germany had made a pact in 1939, and which it then subsequently attacked? Here the sober historical inquiry into real historical connections, into causes, and consequences, and about real motives and their conditions would suffice to protect the writer and the reader from abstruse speculative interpretations. Nolte fails to ask such questions. If a past "that is capable of being agreed on" can be gained by intellectual gymnastics of this sort, then we should renounce it."[4]

In response to the geographical theories of Michael Stürmer, Kocka argued that "Geography is not destiny"[5] Kocka wrote that both Switzerland and Poland were also "lands in the middle", and yet neither country went in the same authoritarian direction as Germany[5]

Awards edit

Select bibliography edit

  • Kocka J., "Entrepreneurs and Management in German Industrialization," in The Cambridge Economic History of Europe, vol. 7, pt. 1, ed. P. Mathias and M. M. Postan ( Cambridge, England, 1978), 492–589, 709–27, 769–77. Originally published as Unternehmer in der deutschen Industrialisierung (Göttingen, 1975).
  • Kocka J., White Collar Workers in America 1890–1940. A Social Political History in International Perspective (London-Beverly Hills: SAGE, 1980).
  • Kocka J., "Capitalism and Bureaucracy in German Industrialization before 1914," Economic History Review, 2nd series, 33 (1981): 453–468.
  • Kocka J., "Class Formation, Interest Articulation and Public Policy: the Origins of the German White Collar Class in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries," in Organizing Interests in Western Europe: pluralism, corporatism, and the transformation of politics, ed. S. Berger (Cambridge, England, 1988), 63–81.
  • Kocka J., "Problems of Working-Class Formation in Germany: The Early Years, 1800–1875," in Working-Class Formation. Nineteenth- Century Patterns in Western Europe and the United States
  • Kocka, Jürgen & A. Mitchell, eds. (1993). Bourgeois Society in Nineteenth-century Europe.
  • Kocka J., and A. Mitchell, eds., Bourgeois Society in Nineteenth Century Europe ( Oxford, 1993).
  • Kocka J., "New Trends in Labour Movement Historiography: A German Perspective," International Review of Social History 42 (1997): 67–78.
  • Kocka J., "Asymmetrical Historical Comparison: the Case of the German 'Sonderweg'," History and Theory 38 (1999): 40–51.
  • Kocka, Jürgen. (1999) Industrial Culture and Bourgeois Society. Business, Labor, and Bureaucracy in Modern Germany. (New York: Berghahn Books) online
  • Kocka, Jürgen. "Civil Society: Some remarks on the career of a concept," in: E. Ben-Rafael, Y. Sternberg (eds.): Comparing Modernities, pp. 141–148.
  • Kocka, Jurgen. "Losses, Gains and Opportunities: Social History Today," Journal of Social History, Volume 37, Number 1, Fall 2003, pp. 21–28 doi:10.1353/jsh.2003.0146
  • Kocka, Jurgen. Capitalism. A Short History Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016. online review
  • Kocka, Jürgen, and Marcel van der Linden, eds. Capitalism: The Reemergence of a Historical Concept (London: Bloomsbury 2016) 281 pp.
  • Kocka, Jürgen. "1989/91 as a Caesura in the Study of History: A Personal Retrospective." in Beyond Neoliberalism (Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2017) pp. 257–269 online.
  • Kocka, Jürgen. "Capitalism and Its Critics. A Long-Term View." in The Lifework of a Labor Historian: Essays in Honor of Marcel van der Linden ed. by Ulbe Bosma and Karin Hofmeester (Brill, 2018) pp. 71–89. online
  • Kocka, Jürgen. "Looking back on the Sonderweg." Central European History 51.1 (2018): 137–142. online

In German edit

  • Kocka J., "Industrielles Management: Konzeptionen und Modelle in Deutschland vor 1914," Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte 61 (1969): 332–72.
  • Kocka J., Unternehmensverwaltung und Angestelltenschaft am Beispiel Siemens 1847–1914. Zum Verhältnis von Kapitalismus und Bürokratie in der deutschen Industrialisierung (Stuttgart, 1969).
  • Kocka J., "Sozialgeschichte – Strukturgeschichte – Gesellschaftsgeschichte," Archiv für Sozialgeschichte 15 (1975): 1–42.
  • Kocka J., Klassengesellschaft im Krieg. Deutsche Sozialgeschichte 1914–1918 [ Facing Total War. German Society 1914–1918 (2nd ed., Göttingen, 1978).
  • Kocka J., et al., Familie und soziale Plazierung (Opladen, 1980).
  • Kocka J., Die Angestellten in der deutschen Geschichte 1850–1980: Vom Privatbeamten zum angestellten Arbeitnehmer (Göttingen, 1981).
  • Kocka J., ed., Arbeiter und Bürger im 19. Jahrhundert. Varianten ihres Verhältnisses im europäischen Vergleich (Munich, 1986).
  • Kocka J., Arbeitsverhältnisse und Arbeiterexistenzen. Grundlagen der Klassenbildung im 19. Jahrhundert (Bonn, 1990).
  • Kocka J., Weder Stand noch Klasse. Unterschichten um 1800 (Bonn, 1990).
  • Kocka J., ed., Bürger und Bürgerlichkeit im 19. Jahrhundert (Göttingen, 1987).
  • Kocka J., and U. Frevert, eds., Bürgertum im 19. Jahrhundert. Deutschland im europäischen Vergleich, (3 vols. Munich, 1988); rev. ed.: Kocka J., ed., Bürgertum im 19. Jahrhundert, (3 vols. Göttingen, 1995).

References edit

  1. ^ Jürgen Kocka, Industrial Culture and Bourgeois Society: Business, Labor, and Bureaucracy in Modern Germany, 1800–1918 (New York: Berghahn Books, 1999) pp. 275–97, at p. 276
  2. ^ Kocka, Jürgen "Hitler Should Not Be Repressed By Stalin and Pol Pot" pages 85–92 from Forever In The Shadow of Hitler? edited by Ernst Piper, Humanities Press, Atlantic Highlands, 1993 pages 86–87
  3. ^ Kocka, Jürgen "Hitler Should Not Be Repressed By Stalin and Pol Pot" pages 85–92 from Forever In The Shadow of Hitler? edited by Ernst Piper, Humanities Press, Atlantic Highlands, 1993 p. 87
  4. ^ Kocka, Jürgen "Hitler Should Not Be Repressed By Stalin and Pol Pot" pages 85–92 from Forever In The Shadow of Hitler? edited by Ernst Piper, Humanities Press, Atlantic Highlands, 1993 p. 88
  5. ^ a b Kocka, Jürgen "Hitler Should Not Be Repressed by Stalin and Pol Pot" pp. 85–92 from Forever In The Shadow of Hitler? edited by Ernst Piper, Atlantic Highlands: Humanities Press, 1993
  6. ^ "Honorary doctorates – Uppsala University, Sweden".

External links edit

Further reading edit

  • Ritter G. A., The New Social History in the Federal Republic of Germany (London, 1991).

February 16, 2024
jürgen, kocka, born, april, 1941, haindorf, sudetenland, german, historian, professor, emerituskocka, pictured, 2011born, 1941, april, 1941, haindorf, sudetenland, germanynationalitygermaneducationfree, university, berlin, 1968, honorary, doctorate, years, act. Jurgen Kocka born 19 April 1941 in Haindorf Sudetenland is a German historian Professor EmeritusJurgen KockaKocka pictured in 2011Born 1941 04 19 April 19 1941 age 82 Haindorf Sudetenland GermanyNationalityGermanEducationFree University of Berlin PhD 1968 Honorary doctorate M A Years active1968 presentEmployerFree University of BerlinNotable workCapitalism A Short History Facing Total War German Society 1914 1918 Hitler Should Not Be Repressed By Stalin and Pol PotMovementBiefeld school Critical Sonderweg thesisAwardsList of awards received by Kocka A university professor and former president of the Social Science Research Center Berlin 2001 2007 Kocka is a major figure in the new Social History especially as represented by the Bielefeld School He has focused his research on the history of employees in large German and American businesses and on the history of European bourgeoisie Inspired by the methods of Ernest Labrousse he attempts to analyze social processes of German society from the perspective of modernisation industrialization and the creation of modern Europe Contents 1 Life 2 Social history 3 Historiographical debates 4 Awards 5 Select bibliography 5 1 In German 6 References 7 External links 8 Further readingLife editKocka was born in Haindorf and gained his PhD from the Free University of Berlin in 1968 From 1992 to 1996 Kocka was the founding director and is to date a Senior Fellow of the Centre for Contemporary History in Potsdam Since 2008 he has been vice president of the Berlin Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities nbsp Kocka pictured in 2011Social history editKocka was a leader of the Bielefeld School of the new social history and recalls how the historiographical movement introduced a vast range of new topics In the 1960s and 1970s social history caught the imagination of a young generation of historians It became a central concept and a rallying point of historiographic revisionism It meant many things at the same time It gave priority to the study of particular kinds of phenomena such as classes and movements urbanization and industrialization family and education work and leisure mobility inequality conflicts and revolutions It stressed structures and processes over actors and events It emphasized analytical approaches close to the social sciences rather than by the traditional methods of historical hermeneutics Frequently social historians sympathized with the causes as they saw them of the little people of the underdog of popular movements or of the working class Social history was both demanded and rejected as a vigorous revisionist alternative to the more established ways of historiography in which the reconstruction of politics and ideas the history of events and hermeneutic methods traditionally dominated 1 Historiographical debates editKocka participated in the German Historikerstreit in the late 1980s alongside Jurgen Habermas in opposition to Ernst Nolte and supported the Sonderweg explanation of a unique path of German history In an essay entitled Hitler Should Not Be Repressed By Stalin and Pol Pot first published in Die Zeit newspaper on 26 September 1986 Kocka contended against Nolte that the Holocaust was indeed a singular event because it had been committed by an advanced Western nation and argued that Nolte s comparisons of the Holocaust with similar mass killings in Pol Pot s Cambodia Joseph Stalin s Soviet Union and Idi Amin s Uganda were invalid because of the backward nature of those societies 2 Kocka went on to criticize Nolte s view of the Holocaust as a not altogether incomprehensible reaction to the prior threat of annihilation as whose potential or real victims Hitler and the National Socialists allegedly were justified in seeing themselves 3 Kocka wrote that The real causes of anti Semitism in Germany are to be found neither in Russia nor the World Jewish Congress And how can one in light of the facts interpret the National Socialist annihilation of the Jews as a somewhat logical if premature means of defense against the threats of annihilation coming from the Soviet Union with which Germany had made a pact in 1939 and which it then subsequently attacked Here the sober historical inquiry into real historical connections into causes and consequences and about real motives and their conditions would suffice to protect the writer and the reader from abstruse speculative interpretations Nolte fails to ask such questions If a past that is capable of being agreed on can be gained by intellectual gymnastics of this sort then we should renounce it 4 In response to the geographical theories of Michael Sturmer Kocka argued that Geography is not destiny 5 Kocka wrote that both Switzerland and Poland were also lands in the middle and yet neither country went in the same authoritarian direction as Germany 5 Awards edit1992 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize On 22 January 2000 Kocka received an honorary doctorate from the Faculty of History and Philosophy at Uppsala University Sweden 6 2005 Bochumer Historikerpreis 2011 Holberg International Memorial PrizeSelect bibliography editKocka J Entrepreneurs and Management in German Industrialization in The Cambridge Economic History of Europe vol 7 pt 1 ed P Mathias and M M Postan Cambridge England 1978 492 589 709 27 769 77 Originally published as Unternehmer in der deutschen Industrialisierung Gottingen 1975 Kocka J White Collar Workers in America 1890 1940 A Social Political History in International Perspective London Beverly Hills SAGE 1980 Kocka J Capitalism and Bureaucracy in German Industrialization before 1914 Economic History Review 2nd series 33 1981 453 468 Kocka J Class Formation Interest Articulation and Public Policy the Origins of the German White Collar Class in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries in Organizing Interests in Western Europe pluralism corporatism and the transformation of politics ed S Berger Cambridge England 1988 63 81 Kocka J Problems of Working Class Formation in Germany The Early Years 1800 1875 in Working Class Formation Nineteenth Century Patterns in Western Europe and the United States Kocka Jurgen amp A Mitchell eds 1993 Bourgeois Society in Nineteenth century Europe Kocka J and A Mitchell eds Bourgeois Society in Nineteenth Century Europe Oxford 1993 Kocka J New Trends in Labour Movement Historiography A German Perspective International Review of Social History 42 1997 67 78 Kocka J Asymmetrical Historical Comparison the Case of the German Sonderweg History and Theory 38 1999 40 51 Kocka Jurgen 1999 Industrial Culture and Bourgeois Society Business Labor and Bureaucracy in Modern Germany New York Berghahn Books online Kocka Jurgen Civil Society Some remarks on the career of a concept in E Ben Rafael Y Sternberg eds Comparing Modernities pp 141 148 Kocka Jurgen Losses Gains and Opportunities Social History Today Journal of Social History Volume 37 Number 1 Fall 2003 pp 21 28 doi 10 1353 jsh 2003 0146 Kocka Jurgen Capitalism A Short History Princeton Princeton University Press 2016 online review Kocka Jurgen and Marcel van der Linden eds Capitalism The Reemergence of a Historical Concept London Bloomsbury 2016 281 pp Kocka Jurgen 1989 91 as a Caesura in the Study of History A Personal Retrospective in Beyond Neoliberalism Palgrave Macmillan Cham 2017 pp 257 269 online Kocka Jurgen Capitalism and Its Critics A Long Term View in The Lifework of a Labor Historian Essays in Honor of Marcel van der Linden ed by Ulbe Bosma and Karin Hofmeester Brill 2018 pp 71 89 online Kocka Jurgen Looking back on the Sonderweg Central European History 51 1 2018 137 142 onlineIn German edit Kocka J Industrielles Management Konzeptionen und Modelle in Deutschland vor 1914 Vierteljahrschrift fur Sozial und Wirtschaftsgeschichte 61 1969 332 72 Kocka J Unternehmensverwaltung und Angestelltenschaft am Beispiel Siemens 1847 1914 Zum Verhaltnis von Kapitalismus und Burokratie in der deutschen Industrialisierung Stuttgart 1969 Kocka J Sozialgeschichte Strukturgeschichte Gesellschaftsgeschichte Archiv fur Sozialgeschichte 15 1975 1 42 Kocka J Klassengesellschaft im Krieg Deutsche Sozialgeschichte 1914 1918 Facing Total War German Society 1914 1918 2nd ed Gottingen 1978 Kocka J et al Familie und soziale Plazierung Opladen 1980 Kocka J Die Angestellten in der deutschen Geschichte 1850 1980 Vom Privatbeamten zum angestellten Arbeitnehmer Gottingen 1981 Kocka J ed Arbeiter und Burger im 19 Jahrhundert Varianten ihres Verhaltnisses im europaischen Vergleich Munich 1986 Kocka J Arbeitsverhaltnisse und Arbeiterexistenzen Grundlagen der Klassenbildung im 19 Jahrhundert Bonn 1990 Kocka J Weder Stand noch Klasse Unterschichten um 1800 Bonn 1990 Kocka J ed Burger und Burgerlichkeit im 19 Jahrhundert Gottingen 1987 Kocka J and U Frevert eds Burgertum im 19 Jahrhundert Deutschland im europaischen Vergleich 3 vols Munich 1988 rev ed Kocka J ed Burgertum im 19 Jahrhundert 3 vols Gottingen 1995 References edit Jurgen Kocka Industrial Culture and Bourgeois Society Business Labor and Bureaucracy in Modern Germany 1800 1918 New York Berghahn Books 1999 pp 275 97 at p 276 Kocka Jurgen Hitler Should Not Be Repressed By Stalin and Pol Pot pages 85 92 from Forever In The Shadow of Hitler edited by Ernst Piper Humanities Press Atlantic Highlands 1993 pages 86 87 Kocka Jurgen Hitler Should Not Be Repressed By Stalin and Pol Pot pages 85 92 from Forever In The Shadow of Hitler edited by Ernst Piper Humanities Press Atlantic Highlands 1993 p 87 Kocka Jurgen Hitler Should Not Be Repressed By Stalin and Pol Pot pages 85 92 from Forever In The Shadow of Hitler edited by Ernst Piper Humanities Press Atlantic Highlands 1993 p 88 a b Kocka Jurgen Hitler Should Not Be Repressed by Stalin and Pol Pot pp 85 92 from Forever In The Shadow of Hitler edited by Ernst Piper Atlantic Highlands Humanities Press 1993 Honorary doctorates Uppsala University Sweden External links editJurgen Kocka Social Science Research Center Berlin Jurgen Kocka Free University of Berlin Holberg International Memorial Prize 2011Further reading editRitter G A The New Social History in the Federal Republic of Germany London 1991 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jurgen Kocka amp oldid 1138016431, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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