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Uršui

Uršui or Uršue[1] was a Hurrian goddess. Her name might be derived from the toponym Uršu. It is not certain if the also attested name Uršui-Iškalli should be interpreted as Uršui's name being used as an epithet, as her name accompanied by epithet, or as a pair of goddesses. In Hurrian offering lists, appears as a member of the circle of either Ḫepat or Šauška.

Uršui
Major cult centerpossibly Uršu

Name and character edit

Uršui's name was written in cuneiform as dUr/Úr-šu-u/ú-i/e or dU-ur-šu-u/ú-i/e.[2] Emmanuel Laroche suggested in 1946 that it can be interpreted as a combination of the Hurrian elements ur-, "to be available", and šui, "all", but this proposal is no longer regarded as plausible.[1] More recently, Alfonso Archi suggested derivation from the toponym Uršu.[2] This proposal is also considered likely by Mauro Giorgieri.[1] Uršu or Uršum is first attested in texts from Ebla and in an inscription of Gudea, and most likely was located in the proximity of modern Gaziantep,[3] with proposed locations including Samsat, Tell Touqan and Kazane Hüyük, the first of which is considered most plausible.[4] While the city continues to appear in Old Babylonian sources through the duration of the Mari archive,[5] in Hittite archives it is only attested in sources from seventeenth and sixteenth century BCE, and later no longer appears in any cuneiform texts.[4]

Uršui-Iškalli edit

In Hurro-Hittite texts Uršui's name was commonly paired with a second presumed theonym, Iškalli.[6] Attestations of Iškalli without Uršui are very rare.[2] They have been described as an example of a dyad,[7] though it has also been suggested that Iškalli was an epithet of Uršui[8] or the other way around.[1] Alfonso Archi suggests that Iškalli is derived from the Akkadian word ešgallu, literally "great temple" but metaphorically also "underworld", and speculatively translates Uršui-Iškalli as "the great temple (of the nether world deities) of the city of Uršu", though he notes this meaning was presumably eventually forgotten in Hurrian tradition.[2]

The text CTH 492 refers to Iškalli as a "witness" (dIškalli kutruaš), additionally the term āmmana, which precedes her name in a text pertaining to the ḫišuwa [de] festival, KBo 17.9, might be her epithet.[2] A mountain named Iškalli is also attested once in Hurrian context.[9]

Worship edit

Many attestations of Uršui have been identified in Hurro-Hittite texts.[1] She belonged to the court of Ḫepat.[2] Both Uršui alone[1] and the double theonym Uršui-Iškalli appear among deities associated with her in kaluti,[10] Hurrian offering lists.[11] However, there are also examples of Uršui appearing in the entourage of Šauška[1] alongside deities such as Ninatta and Kulitta.[12] The text CTH 714, which describes a ritual bath of a statue of Šauška,[13] mentions Uršui in an enumeration of deities who receive an offering of unleavened bread, after Tarru, Takitu, Ea, Damkina, Aya, Šimige, the "paternal deities of Šauška and of the ritual patron", Allani, Ishara, Umbu and Nikkal.[14]

One of the tablets describing the ḫišuwa [de] festival mentions Uršui.[1] This celebration, which was focused on guaranteeing the prosperity of the royal family, originated in Kizzuwatna, involved deities from the local Hurrian pantheon (such as Ishara, Allani, Nupatik, Maliya, Lelluri and Manuzi) and was introduced to Hattusa by queen Puduḫepa.[15]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Giorgieri 2014, p. 439.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Archi 2013, p. 13.
  3. ^ Michel 2014, p. 440.
  4. ^ a b Miller 2014, p. 442.
  5. ^ Michel 2014, pp. 441–442.
  6. ^ Haas 2015, p. 407.
  7. ^ Haas 2015, p. 812.
  8. ^ Otten 1980, p. 1980.
  9. ^ Otten 1980, p. 192.
  10. ^ Taracha 2009, p. 119.
  11. ^ Taracha 2009, p. 118.
  12. ^ Beckman 1998, p. 6.
  13. ^ Beckman 2015, p. 43.
  14. ^ Beckman 2015, p. 59.
  15. ^ Taracha 2009, p. 138.

Bibliography edit

  • Archi, Alfonso (2013). "The West Hurrian Pantheon and Its Background". In Collins, B. J.; Michalowski, P. (eds.). Beyond Hatti: a tribute to Gary Beckman. Atlanta: Lockwood Press. ISBN 978-1-937040-11-6. OCLC 882106763.
  • Archi, Alfonso (2015). Ebla and Its Archives. De Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9781614517887. ISBN 978-1-61451-716-0.
  • Beckman, Gary (1998). "Ištar of Nineveh Reconsidered". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. American Schools of Oriental Research. 50: 1–10. doi:10.2307/1360026. ISSN 0022-0256. JSTOR 1360026. S2CID 163362140. Retrieved 2022-12-10.
  • Beckman, Gary (2015). "Bathing the Goddess (CTH 714)". Marbeh Hokmah. Studies in the Bible and the Ancient Near East in Loving Memory of Victor Avigdor Hurowitz. Penn State University Press. pp. 43–64. doi:10.1515/9781575063614-009. ISBN 9781575063614.
  • Giorgieri, Mauro (2014), "Uršue/i", Reallexikon der Assyriologie (in German), retrieved 2022-12-10
  • Haas, Volkert (2015) [1994]. Geschichte der hethitischen Religion. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1: The Near and Middle East (in German). Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-29394-6. Retrieved 2022-12-10.
  • Michel, Cécile (2014), "Uršu(m) A. In mesopotamischen Quellen", Reallexikon der Assyriologie (in French), retrieved 2022-12-10
  • Miller, Jared L. (2014), "Uršu(m) B. Bei den Hethitern · Uršu(m) B. In Hittite tradition", Reallexikon der Assyriologie, retrieved 2022-12-11
  • Otten, Heinrich (1980), "Iškalli", Reallexikon der Assyriologie (in German), retrieved 2022-12-11
  • Taracha, Piotr (2009). Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia. Dresdner Beiträge zur Hethitologie. Vol. 27. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3447058858.

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Ursui or Ursue 1 was a Hurrian goddess Her name might be derived from the toponym Ursu It is not certain if the also attested name Ursui Iskalli should be interpreted as Ursui s name being used as an epithet as her name accompanied by epithet or as a pair of goddesses In Hurrian offering lists appears as a member of the circle of either Ḫepat or Sauska UrsuiMajor cult centerpossibly Ursu Contents 1 Name and character 1 1 Ursui Iskalli 2 Worship 3 References 3 1 BibliographyName and character editUrsui s name was written in cuneiform as dUr Ur su u u i e or dU ur su u u i e 2 Emmanuel Laroche suggested in 1946 that it can be interpreted as a combination of the Hurrian elements ur to be available and sui all but this proposal is no longer regarded as plausible 1 More recently Alfonso Archi suggested derivation from the toponym Ursu 2 This proposal is also considered likely by Mauro Giorgieri 1 Ursu or Ursum is first attested in texts from Ebla and in an inscription of Gudea and most likely was located in the proximity of modern Gaziantep 3 with proposed locations including Samsat Tell Touqan and Kazane Huyuk the first of which is considered most plausible 4 While the city continues to appear in Old Babylonian sources through the duration of the Mari archive 5 in Hittite archives it is only attested in sources from seventeenth and sixteenth century BCE and later no longer appears in any cuneiform texts 4 Ursui Iskalli edit In Hurro Hittite texts Ursui s name was commonly paired with a second presumed theonym Iskalli 6 Attestations of Iskalli without Ursui are very rare 2 They have been described as an example of a dyad 7 though it has also been suggested that Iskalli was an epithet of Ursui 8 or the other way around 1 Alfonso Archi suggests that Iskalli is derived from the Akkadian word esgallu literally great temple but metaphorically also underworld and speculatively translates Ursui Iskalli as the great temple of the nether world deities of the city of Ursu though he notes this meaning was presumably eventually forgotten in Hurrian tradition 2 The text CTH 492 refers to Iskalli as a witness dIskalli kutruas additionally the term ammana which precedes her name in a text pertaining to the ḫisuwa de festival KBo 17 9 might be her epithet 2 A mountain named Iskalli is also attested once in Hurrian context 9 Worship editMany attestations of Ursui have been identified in Hurro Hittite texts 1 She belonged to the court of Ḫepat 2 Both Ursui alone 1 and the double theonym Ursui Iskalli appear among deities associated with her in kaluti 10 Hurrian offering lists 11 However there are also examples of Ursui appearing in the entourage of Sauska 1 alongside deities such as Ninatta and Kulitta 12 The text CTH 714 which describes a ritual bath of a statue of Sauska 13 mentions Ursui in an enumeration of deities who receive an offering of unleavened bread after Tarru Takitu Ea Damkina Aya Simige the paternal deities of Sauska and of the ritual patron Allani Ishara Umbu and Nikkal 14 One of the tablets describing the ḫisuwa de festival mentions Ursui 1 This celebration which was focused on guaranteeing the prosperity of the royal family originated in Kizzuwatna involved deities from the local Hurrian pantheon such as Ishara Allani Nupatik Maliya Lelluri and Manuzi and was introduced to Hattusa by queen Puduḫepa 15 References edit a b c d e f g h Giorgieri 2014 p 439 a b c d e f Archi 2013 p 13 Michel 2014 p 440 a b Miller 2014 p 442 Michel 2014 pp 441 442 Haas 2015 p 407 Haas 2015 p 812 Otten 1980 p 1980 Otten 1980 p 192 Taracha 2009 p 119 Taracha 2009 p 118 Beckman 1998 p 6 Beckman 2015 p 43 Beckman 2015 p 59 Taracha 2009 p 138 Bibliography edit Archi Alfonso 2013 The West Hurrian Pantheon and Its Background In Collins B J Michalowski P eds Beyond Hatti a tribute to Gary Beckman Atlanta Lockwood Press ISBN 978 1 937040 11 6 OCLC 882106763 Archi Alfonso 2015 Ebla and Its Archives De Gruyter doi 10 1515 9781614517887 ISBN 978 1 61451 716 0 Beckman Gary 1998 Istar of Nineveh Reconsidered Journal of Cuneiform Studies American Schools of Oriental Research 50 1 10 doi 10 2307 1360026 ISSN 0022 0256 JSTOR 1360026 S2CID 163362140 Retrieved 2022 12 10 Beckman Gary 2015 Bathing the Goddess CTH 714 Marbeh Hokmah Studies in the Bible and the Ancient Near East in Loving Memory of Victor Avigdor Hurowitz Penn State University Press pp 43 64 doi 10 1515 9781575063614 009 ISBN 9781575063614 Giorgieri Mauro 2014 Ursue i Reallexikon der Assyriologie in German retrieved 2022 12 10 Haas Volkert 2015 1994 Geschichte der hethitischen Religion Handbook of Oriental Studies Section 1 The Near and Middle East in German Brill ISBN 978 90 04 29394 6 Retrieved 2022 12 10 Michel Cecile 2014 Ursu m A In mesopotamischen Quellen Reallexikon der Assyriologie in French retrieved 2022 12 10 Miller Jared L 2014 Ursu m B Bei den Hethitern Ursu m B In Hittite tradition Reallexikon der Assyriologie retrieved 2022 12 11 Otten Heinrich 1980 Iskalli Reallexikon der Assyriologie in German retrieved 2022 12 11 Taracha Piotr 2009 Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia Dresdner Beitrage zur Hethitologie Vol 27 Wiesbaden Harrassowitz Verlag ISBN 978 3447058858 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ursui amp oldid 1162644466 Ursui Iskalli, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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