The Calvi class was an improved and enlarged version of the preceding Balilla-classsubmarine cruisers. They displaced 1,549 metric tons (1,525 long tons) surfaced and 2,061 metric tons (2,028 long tons) submerged. The submarines were 84.3 meters (276 ft 7 in) long, had a beam of 7.7 meters (25 ft 3 in) and a draft of 5.2 meters (17 ft 1 in).[1] They had an operational diving depth of 90 meters (300 ft).[2] Their crew numbered 77 officers and enlisted men.[1]
For surface running, the boats were powered by two 2,200-brake-horsepower (1,641 kW) diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft. When submerged each propeller was driven by a 900-horsepower (671 kW) electric motor. They could reach 16.8 knots (31.1 km/h; 19.3 mph) on the surface and 7.4 knots (13.7 km/h; 8.5 mph) underwater. On the surface, the Calvi class had a range of 11,400 nautical miles (21,100 km; 13,100 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph); submerged, they had a range of 120 nmi (220 km; 140 mi) at 3 knots (5.6 km/h; 3.5 mph).[2]
During the Spanish Civil War, she unsuccessfully fired a pair of torpedoes each at the 6,942-gross register ton (GRT) mail steamer SS Villa de Madrid and the 3946 GRT mail steamer SS Ciudad de Barcelona during a patrol on 1–17 January 1937. During the night of 12/13 January she bombarded the port of Valencia.[3]
The first patrol during the Second World War was from Liguria to the Atlantic Ocean, and lasted from 3 July to 6 August 1940. After overhaul at La Spezia, Pietro Calvi sailed on 6 October for a second Atlantic patrol reaching Bordeaux, France, on 23 October. The submarine suffered storm damage during its third patrol off the British Isles from 3 to 31 December. The fourth patrol was between the Canary Islands and the Azores from 31 March to 13 May 1941. She sailed on 1 August for a fifth patrol off the Canary Islands. During the sixth patrol from 7 to 29 December Pietro Calvi, Giuseppe Finzi and Enrico Tazzoli rescued sailors of the sunken German commerce raiderAtlantis. The seventh patrol was off Brazil from 7 March to 29 April 1942. The submarine sailed on 2 July for its eighth patrol.[4]Pietro Calvi was rammed and sunk on 14 July by the British sloopHMS Lulworth which was able to briefly board the submarine before she sank. British ships rescued 35 of her crew of 78 men; among those killed was the commanding officer, Commander Primo Longobardo.[5]
Bagnasco, Erminio (1977). Submarines of World War Two. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN0-87021-962-6.
Blair, Clay (1996). Hitler's U-Boat War, The Hunters 1939–1942. Random House. ISBN0-394-58839-8.
Brescia, Maurizio (2012). Mussolini's Navy: A Reference Guide to the Regina Marina 1930–45. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN978-1-59114-544-8.
Brice, Martin (1981). Axis Blockade Runners of World War II. Naval Institute Press. ISBN0-87021-908-1.
Chesneau, Roger, ed. (1980). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN0-85177-146-7.
Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two (Third Revised ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN1-59114-119-2.
italian, submarine, pietro, calvi, pietro, calvi, lead, ship, class, submarines, built, regia, marina, royal, italian, navy, during, 1930s, completed, 1936, played, minor, role, spanish, civil, 1936, 1939, supporting, spanish, nationalists, submarine, made, mu. Pietro Calvi was the lead ship of its class of two submarines built for the Regia Marina Royal Italian Navy during the 1930s Completed in 1936 she played a minor role in the Spanish Civil War of 1936 1939 supporting the Spanish Nationalists The submarine made multiple patrols in the Atlantic Ocean during the Second World War sinking seven Allied ships Pietro Calvi was rammed and sunk by a British convoy escort in July 1942 HistoryKingdom of ItalyNamePietro CalviBuilderOdero Terni Orlando Muggiano La SpeziaLaid down1932Launched3 March 1935Commissioned1936FateSunk by HMS Lulworth 15 July 1943General characteristicsClass and typeCalvi class submarine cruiserDisplacement1 549 t 1 525 long tons surfaced 2 061 t 2 028 long tons submerged Length84 3 m 276 ft 7 in Beam7 7 m 25 ft 3 in Draft5 2 m 17 ft 1 in Installed power4 400 bhp 3 300 kW diesels 1 800 hp 1 300 kW electric motors Propulsion2 shafts diesel electric 2 diesel engines 2 electric motorsSpeed16 8 knots 31 1 km h 19 3 mph surfaced 7 4 knots 13 7 km h 8 5 mph submerged Range11 400 nmi 21 100 km 13 100 mi at 8 knots 15 km h 9 2 mph surfaced 120 nmi 220 km 140 mi at 3 knots 5 6 km h 3 5 mph submerged Test depth90 m 300 ft Crew77Armament8 533 mm 21 in torpedo tubes 4 bow 4 stern 2 single 120 mm 4 7 in deck guns 2 twin 13 2 mm 0 52 in machine guns Contents 1 Design and description 2 Construction and career 3 Notes 4 References 5 External linksDesign and description EditThe Calvi class was an improved and enlarged version of the preceding Balilla class submarine cruisers They displaced 1 549 metric tons 1 525 long tons surfaced and 2 061 metric tons 2 028 long tons submerged The submarines were 84 3 meters 276 ft 7 in long had a beam of 7 7 meters 25 ft 3 in and a draft of 5 2 meters 17 ft 1 in 1 They had an operational diving depth of 90 meters 300 ft 2 Their crew numbered 77 officers and enlisted men 1 For surface running the boats were powered by two 2 200 brake horsepower 1 641 kW diesel engines each driving one propeller shaft When submerged each propeller was driven by a 900 horsepower 671 kW electric motor They could reach 16 8 knots 31 1 km h 19 3 mph on the surface and 7 4 knots 13 7 km h 8 5 mph underwater On the surface the Calvi class had a range of 11 400 nautical miles 21 100 km 13 100 mi at 8 knots 15 km h 9 2 mph submerged they had a range of 120 nmi 220 km 140 mi at 3 knots 5 6 km h 3 5 mph 2 The boats were armed with eight 53 3 centimeter 21 in torpedo tubes four each in the bow and in the stern for which they carried a total of 16 torpedoes They were also armed with a pair of 120 millimeter 4 7 in deck guns one each fore and aft of the conning tower for combat on the surface Their anti aircraft armament consisted of two twin gun mounts for 13 2 millimeter 0 52 in machine guns 1 Construction and career EditPietro Calvi pennant number CV was built by Odero Terni Orlando at their Muggiano La Spezia shipyard Laid down in 1932 the submarine was launched on 31 March 1935 and completed in 1936 1 During the Spanish Civil War she unsuccessfully fired a pair of torpedoes each at the 6 942 gross register ton GRT mail steamer SS Villa de Madrid and the 3946 GRT mail steamer SS Ciudad de Barcelona during a patrol on 1 17 January 1937 During the night of 12 13 January she bombarded the port of Valencia 3 The first patrol during the Second World War was from Liguria to the Atlantic Ocean and lasted from 3 July to 6 August 1940 After overhaul at La Spezia Pietro Calvi sailed on 6 October for a second Atlantic patrol reaching Bordeaux France on 23 October The submarine suffered storm damage during its third patrol off the British Isles from 3 to 31 December The fourth patrol was between the Canary Islands and the Azores from 31 March to 13 May 1941 She sailed on 1 August for a fifth patrol off the Canary Islands During the sixth patrol from 7 to 29 December Pietro Calvi Giuseppe Finzi and Enrico Tazzoli rescued sailors of the sunken German commerce raider Atlantis The seventh patrol was off Brazil from 7 March to 29 April 1942 The submarine sailed on 2 July for its eighth patrol 4 Pietro Calvi was rammed and sunk on 14 July by the British sloop HMS Lulworth which was able to briefly board the submarine before she sank British ships rescued 35 of her crew of 78 men among those killed was the commanding officer Commander Primo Longobardo 5 Ships sunk by Pietro Calvi 4 Patrol Date Ship Flag Tonnage Notes3rd 20 December 1940 Carlton 5 162 gross register tons GRT freighter from convoy OB 260 4 survivors from a crew of 357th 25 March 1942 Tredinnick 4 589 GRT freighter no survivors7th 1 April 1942 T C McCobb 7 452 GRT tanker 24 killed first US ship sunk by an Italian submarine7th 9 April 1942 Eugene V R Thayer 7 138 GRT tanker 11 killed7th April 1942 Balkis 2 161 GRT freighter7th April 1942 Ben Brush 7 691 GRT tanker 1 killedTotal 34 193 GRTNotes Edit a b c d Chesneau p 305 a b Bagnasco p 152 Frank p 95 a b Regia Marina Italiana Cristiano D Adamo Retrieved 31 July 2012 Blair pp 669 670References EditBagnasco Erminio 1977 Submarines of World War Two Annapolis Maryland Naval Institute Press ISBN 0 87021 962 6 Blair Clay 1996 Hitler s U Boat War The Hunters 1939 1942 Random House ISBN 0 394 58839 8 Brescia Maurizio 2012 Mussolini s Navy A Reference Guide to the Regina Marina 1930 45 Annapolis Maryland Naval Institute Press ISBN 978 1 59114 544 8 Brice Martin 1981 Axis Blockade Runners of World War II Naval Institute Press ISBN 0 87021 908 1 Chesneau Roger ed 1980 Conway s All the World s Fighting Ships 1922 1946 Greenwich UK Conway Maritime Press ISBN 0 85177 146 7 Frank Willard C Jr 1989 Question 12 88 Warship International XXVI 1 95 97 ISSN 0043 0374 Rohwer Jurgen 2005 Chronology of the War at Sea 1939 1945 The Naval History of World War Two Third Revised ed Annapolis Maryland Naval Institute Press ISBN 1 59114 119 2 External links EditPietro Calvi Marina Militare websitePortals Italy Engineering World War II Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Italian submarine Pietro Calvi amp oldid 1122741136, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
