İstiklal Avenue (Turkish: İstiklal Caddesi; English: Independence Avenue), historically known as the Grand Avenue of Pera (Ottoman Turkish: جادهٔ كبیر, romanized: Cadde-i Kebir; Greek: Μεγάλη Οδός του Πέραν, romanized: Megali Odos tou Peran; French: Grande Rue de Péra), in the historic Beyoğlu (Pera) district, is an 1.4 kilometre (0.87 mi) pedestrian street and one of the most famous avenues in Istanbul, Turkey. It acquired its modern name after the declaration of the Republic on 29 October 1923, İstiklal (Independence) commemorating Turkey's triumph in its War of Independence.
Galatasaray Square marks the middle of the avenue and is home to the oldest secondary school in Turkey: the Galatasaray High School (Galatasaray Lisesi), originally known as the Galata Sarayı Enderun-u Hümayunu (Galata Palace Imperial School).[citation needed] A monument, these days fenced off as a police post, commemorates the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the Turkish Republic in 1973.[citation needed]
The avenue forms a spine with narrow side streets running off it like a ribcage. Many historical and politically significant buildings can be found on or immediately adjacent to Istiklal Avenue. They include the Çiçek Pasajı (Flower Passage) which is full of lively restaurants and taverns; the Balık Pazarı (The Fish Market) with the Armenian church of Üç Horan to one side; the Hüseyin Ağa Mosque; the Roman Catholic churches of Santa Maria Draperis and S. Antonio di Padova; the Greek Orthodox church of Hagia Triada; several academic institutions established by Austria, France, Germany and Italy in the 19th century; and the consulates (embassies until 1923 when these moved to the new capital of Ankara) of France, Greece, the Netherlands, Russia, Spain and Sweden (the consulate of the United Kingdom is just off Istiklal Avenue on Meşrutiyet Street).
Çiçek Pasajı (Flower Passage), also known by its French name Cité de Péra, is one of the many historic buildings that adorn the avenue.Pera Museum
At the southern end of the avenue, it is possible to board the Tünel (the Tunnel), the world's second-oldest subway, which entered service in 1875 and carries passengers down to Karaköy.[citation needed] A photogenic red-and-cream tram runs along the street from Tünel to Taksim Square every 15 minutes.[citation needed]
During the Ottoman period, the avenue was called Cadde-i Kebir (Grand Avenue) in Turkish or the Grande Rue de Péra in French. It was a popular gathering place where Ottoman intellectual rubbed shoulders with Europeans and the local Italian and French Levantines. When 19th-century travelers referred to Constantinople (today Istanbul) as the Paris of the East, they were usually thinking of the Grande Rue de Péra and its cosmopolitan, half-European, half-Asian culture.[citation needed]
On 6–7 September 1955 an anti-GreekIstanbul pogrom resulted in many shops along the avenue being pillaged; its pavements were covered with broken glass, scattered clothing, smashed white goods, burned automobiles and other items that had belonged to the Greek owners of the wrecked shops.[1]
Between the 1950s and 1970s the side streets around the Emek Pasajı were home to Yeşilcam, Turkey's home-grown equivalent of Hollywood, a fact commemorated in the street name Yeşilcam Sokağı.[citation needed]
A busy day on İstiklal Avenue
The avenue fell from grace in the 1970s and 1980s as the old Istanbulite inhabitants moving elsewhere, and the side streets (then infamous for bars and night clubs with live music and shows, called pavyon in Turkish) were repopulated by migrants from rural Anatolia.
During the late 1980s and early 1990s, a revival took place, spearheaded and executed by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality and Beyoğlu Municipality. Historic buildings were restored, the street was pedestrianised, and the old historic trams were reinstated, bringing back much of the avenue's old charm and popularity. İstiklal Avenue became the center for fine arts and leisure in Istanbul once again and real estate prices skyrocketed. Numerous new art galleries, bookstores, cafés, pubs, restaurants, shops and hotels were opened in and around the street, and venues around it became the host to many international art festivals, such as the annual Istanbul Film Festival.
On 13 November 2022, a bomb explosion on Istiklal Avenue killed 6 people and left 81 injured.[5] Police detained a Syrian woman, Ahlam Albashir, suspected of being a Kurdishinsurgent having planted the bomb, in a sweep of 47 arrests.[6]
^Binnaz Tugba Sasanlar. A Historical Panorama of an Istanbul Neighborhood: Cihangir from the Late Nineteenth Century to the 2000s 2012-12-10 at the Wayback Machine Bogaziçi University. 2006
^"Istanbul shopping area hit by suicide bomber". BBC. 19 March 2016.
^"Istanbul explosion: Suicide bomber had ISIS links, says Turkey's interior minister". CNN. 20 March 2016. from the original on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
^"Istanbul explosion: At least five dead as tourist shopping area Istiklal Street hit by suicide bombing in Turkey". The Independent. 19 March 2016. from the original on 2 May 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
^"Turkey: Several killed and wounded after explosion hits Istanbul's busy Istiklal street". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
^"Woman Who Planted Bomb In Istanbul That Killed 6 People Arrested By Turkish Police".
External linksEdit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to İstiklal Caddesi.
istiklal caddesi / istiklal.caddesi.com
İstiklalCaddesi.net - A news website of the Avenue
October 15, 2023
istiklal, avenue, turkish, istiklal, caddesi, english, independence, avenue, historically, known, grand, avenue, pera, ottoman, turkish, جاده, كبیر, romanized, cadde, kebir, greek, Μεγάλη, Οδός, του, Πέραν, romanized, megali, odos, peran, french, grande, péra,. Istiklal Avenue Turkish Istiklal Caddesi English Independence Avenue historically known as the Grand Avenue of Pera Ottoman Turkish جاده كبیر romanized Cadde i Kebir Greek Megalh Odos toy Peran romanized Megali Odos tou Peran French Grande Rue de Pera in the historic Beyoglu Pera district is an 1 4 kilometre 0 87 mi pedestrian street and one of the most famous avenues in Istanbul Turkey It acquired its modern name after the declaration of the Republic on 29 October 1923 Istiklal Independence commemorating Turkey s triumph in its War of Independence Istiklal AvenueGrand Avenue of PeraIstiklal Avenue in the Beyoglu district of IstanbulShown within TurkeyTypeStreetLocationBeyoglu Istanbul Province TurkeyCoordinates41 02 03 0 N 28 58 44 0 E 41 034167 N 28 978889 E 41 034167 28 978889The street starts at the northern end of Galata the medieval Genoese quarter at Tunel Square and runs as far as Taksim Square It is flanked by late Ottoman era buildings mostly from the 19th and early 20th centuries in a variety of styles including Neo Classical Neo Gothic Renaissance Revival Beaux Arts Art Nouveau and First Turkish National Architecture There are also a few Art Deco style buildings from the early years of the Turkish Republic and a number of more recent examples of modern architecture Many would once have been apartment blocks but most are now occupied by boutiques music stores art galleries cinemas theatres libraries cafes pubs nightclubs with live music hotels historical patisseries chocolateries restaurants and a steadily growing number of international chain stores There is even a branch of Madame Tussauds A nostalgic tram on Istiklal Avenue in the Beyoglu district of Istanbul Galatasaray Square marks the middle of the avenue and is home to the oldest secondary school in Turkey the Galatasaray High School Galatasaray Lisesi originally known as the Galata Sarayi Enderun u Humayunu Galata Palace Imperial School citation needed A monument these days fenced off as a police post commemorates the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the Turkish Republic in 1973 citation needed The avenue forms a spine with narrow side streets running off it like a ribcage Many historical and politically significant buildings can be found on or immediately adjacent to Istiklal Avenue They include the Cicek Pasaji Flower Passage which is full of lively restaurants and taverns the Balik Pazari The Fish Market with the Armenian church of Uc Horan to one side the Huseyin Aga Mosque the Roman Catholic churches of Santa Maria Draperis and S Antonio di Padova the Greek Orthodox church of Hagia Triada several academic institutions established by Austria France Germany and Italy in the 19th century and the consulates embassies until 1923 when these moved to the new capital of Ankara of France Greece the Netherlands Russia Spain and Sweden the consulate of the United Kingdom is just off Istiklal Avenue on Mesrutiyet Street Cicek Pasaji Flower Passage also known by its French name Cite de Pera is one of the many historic buildings that adorn the avenue Pera MuseumAt the southern end of the avenue it is possible to board the Tunel the Tunnel the world s second oldest subway which entered service in 1875 and carries passengers down to Karakoy citation needed A photogenic red and cream tram runs along the street from Tunel to Taksim Square every 15 minutes citation needed Contents 1 History 2 Notable buildings 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksHistory Edit nbsp A view from Istiklal AvenueDuring the Ottoman period the avenue was called Cadde i Kebir Grand Avenue in Turkish or the Grande Rue de Pera in French It was a popular gathering place where Ottoman intellectual rubbed shoulders with Europeans and the local Italian and French Levantines When 19th century travelers referred to Constantinople today Istanbul as the Paris of the East they were usually thinking of the Grande Rue de Pera and its cosmopolitan half European half Asian culture citation needed On 6 7 September 1955 an anti Greek Istanbul pogrom resulted in many shops along the avenue being pillaged its pavements were covered with broken glass scattered clothing smashed white goods burned automobiles and other items that had belonged to the Greek owners of the wrecked shops 1 Between the 1950s and 1970s the side streets around the Emek Pasaji were home to Yesilcam Turkey s home grown equivalent of Hollywood a fact commemorated in the street name Yesilcam Sokagi citation needed nbsp A busy day on Istiklal AvenueThe avenue fell from grace in the 1970s and 1980s as the old Istanbulite inhabitants moving elsewhere and the side streets then infamous for bars and night clubs with live music and shows called pavyon in Turkish were repopulated by migrants from rural Anatolia During the late 1980s and early 1990s a revival took place spearheaded and executed by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality and Beyoglu Municipality Historic buildings were restored the street was pedestrianised and the old historic trams were reinstated bringing back much of the avenue s old charm and popularity Istiklal Avenue became the center for fine arts and leisure in Istanbul once again and real estate prices skyrocketed Numerous new art galleries bookstores cafes pubs restaurants shops and hotels were opened in and around the street and venues around it became the host to many international art festivals such as the annual Istanbul Film Festival Until the mid 2010s Istiklal Avenue was also a popular venue for all sorts of events such as the Istanbul Pride and International Women s Day parades citation needed Marches gatherings and protests took place there virtually every day citation needed However after the Gezi Park protests of 2013 all such gatherings were effectively banned citation needed On 19 March 2016 an Islamic State suicide bombing on Istiklal Avenue killed five people 2 3 4 On 13 November 2022 a bomb explosion on Istiklal Avenue killed 6 people and left 81 injured 5 Police detained a Syrian woman Ahlam Albashir suspected of being a Kurdish insurgent having planted the bomb in a sweep of 47 arrests 6 Notable buildings Edit nbsp Church of Sant Antonio di Padova on Istiklal AvenueReligious buildingsChurch of Sant Antonio di Padova Hagia Triada Greek Orthodox Church Church of Santa Maria Draperis Huseyin Aga MosqueSchoolsGalatasaray High SchoolHistoric buildings and residencesOld Galatasaray Post Office Rumeli Pasaji Cite Roumelie Hazzopulo Pasaji Misir Apartments Casa Botter one of the finest examples of Art Nouveau architecture in Istanbul Grand Pera home in the past to the Cercle d Orient and now to Madame Tussauds Istanbul Tokatliyan Han once home to the Grand Tokatliyan HotelFood and drinkCicek Pasaji Cite de Pera site of the Naum Theatre until 1870 Lebon Patisserie amp Cafe a defunct historic pastry shop and cafe Markiz Pastanesi a renowned historic patisserie and chocolaterie Narmanli Han originally home to the Russian Embassy later home to artist Aliye Berger today houses cafes and restaurantsDiplomatic missionsDutch Consulate French Consulate Greek Consulate Russian Consulate Swedish ConsulateCulture and artsIstanbul Cinema Museum Yapi Kredi Art Gallery Beyoglu Sanat Galerisi Akbank Sanat Galerisi SALT Beyoglu Mesher Art GallerySee also Edit nbsp Turkey portalAbdi Ipekci Avenue Bagdat Avenue List of upscale shopping districtsReferences Edit Binnaz Tugba Sasanlar A Historical Panorama of an Istanbul Neighborhood Cihangir from the Late Nineteenth Century to the 2000s Archived 2012 12 10 at the Wayback Machine Bogazici University 2006 Istanbul shopping area hit by suicide bomber BBC 19 March 2016 Istanbul explosion Suicide bomber had ISIS links says Turkey s interior minister CNN 20 March 2016 Archived from the original on 18 August 2016 Retrieved 25 July 2016 Istanbul explosion At least five dead as tourist shopping area Istiklal Street hit by suicide bombing in Turkey The Independent 19 March 2016 Archived from the original on 2 May 2019 Retrieved 4 December 2017 Turkey Several killed and wounded after explosion hits Istanbul s busy Istiklal street Middle East Eye Retrieved 2022 11 13 Woman Who Planted Bomb In Istanbul That Killed 6 People Arrested By Turkish Police External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Istiklal Caddesi istiklal caddesi istiklal caddesi com IstiklalCaddesi net A news website of the Avenue Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Istiklal Avenue amp oldid 1177816301, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
