The Isalo serotine (Laephotis malagasyensis) is a vesper bat of Madagascar in the genus Laephotis. It is known only from the vicinity of the Isalo National Park in the southwestern part of the island, where it has been caught in riverine habitats. After the first specimen was caught in 1967, it was described as a subspecies of Eptesicus somalicus (now Neoromicia somalica) in 1995. After four more specimens were collected in 2002 and 2003, it was recognized as a separate species. Because of its small distribution and the threat of habitat destruction, it is considered "vulnerable" in the IUCN Red List.
Eptesicus somalicus malagasyensis Peterson et al., 1995[2]
Neoromicia malagasyensis: Goodman and Ranivo, 2004[3]
Eptesicus malagasyensis: Andriafidison et al., 2008[1]
Laephotis malagasyensis is a relatively small species, with a forearm length of 30 to 32 mm (1.2 to 1.3 in) and a body mass of 3.9 to 9 g (0.1 to 0.3 oz). The fur is dark brown above and mixed buff and gray below. The ears are translucent and the tibia is short. The baculum (penis bone) resembles that of N. melckorum, but is smaller.[4] The duration of the echolocation call, which consists of a component with rapidly falling frequency and one showing more stable frequency, averages 4.9 ms and the interval between calls averages 69.1 ms.
In their 1995 review of Malagasy bats, Randolph Peterson and colleagues established Eptesicus somalicus malagasyensis, a new subspecies of Eptesicus somalicus[2] (currently Neoromicia somalica).[Note 1] They had only a single specimen and noted that further material was needed to assess the new form's relationship with E. somalicus.[6] Studies in 2001 and 2002 provided evidence that E. somalicus and related species are not closely related to Eptesicus (nor to Pipistrellus, where they have also been placed), so that these species were allocated to the separate genus Neoromicia.[7] In 2004, Steven Goodman and Julie Ranivo reviewed the Malagasy subspecies after collecting two more specimens[8] and concluded that it was distinct enough to be classified as a separate species, Neoromicia malagasyensis.[3] Two years later, Paul Bates and colleagues reported on two more specimens[9] and showed that the bacula (penis bones) of N. malagasyensis and N. somalica are different, providing further evidence that they are distinct species. However, they recommended that further research assess the degree of difference between N. malagasyensis and N. matroka (formerly in Eptesicus, but placed in Neoromicia by Bates and colleagues, and later placed in Laephotis), which occurs further east in Madagascar.[10] The IUCN Red List currently again classifies the species in Eptesicus, as Eptesicus malagasyensis.[1] In 2020, a phylogenetic analysis found it to belong to Laephotis as opposed to Neoromicia, and classified it as such.[11][12]
Laephotis malagasyensis is one of at least six species of small vespertilionid bats ("pipistrelles") on Madagascar, in addition to L. matroka, L. robertsi, Pipistrellus hesperidus, P. raceyi, and Nycticeinops anchietae. The classification of these bats has historically been controversial, leading to many changing identifications and generic assignments.[13] The genus Laephotis is exclusively African and included 4 species in the 2005 third edition of Mammal Species of the World;[14] more species, like L. malagasyensis and L. matroka, have been added since. Common names proposed for this species include "Isalo Serotine"[1] and "Peterson's 'pipistrelle'".[10]
All measurements are in millimeters, except mass in grams.
Laephotis malagasyensis is a relatively small "pipistrelle",[9] but larger than Neoromicia somalica.[17] The fur on the back is long and dark brown and the underparts contain both gray and dark buff hairs; there, the fur becomes lighter towards the tail.[10] The fur is darker than in N. somalica,[6] but paler than in L. matroka.[18] The brown ears are translucent.[10] The tragus (a projection on the inner side of the outer ear) is similar to that of N. somalica, but may be a little narrower.[17] Relative to the two other Malagasy Laephotis species, the tibia is short. A single baculum (penis bone), 2.2 mm long, has been studied. It resembles the baculum of L. robertsi, but is smaller. As in L. matroka, the distal (far) end is flat and displaced downwards, but the L. malagasyensis baculum has a smaller area and less well-developed flanges at the sides and a smaller vertical extension of the bone.[10]
The skull is somewhat smaller than that of L. matroka[10] and the braincase and palate are narrower.[18] Compared to N. somalica, the skull is broader.[6] The ridge on the lacrimal bone is better developed, the palate is broader, the frontal bones contain a depression and are swollen at the sides, the mastoid bones are smaller,[17] and the coronoid and angular processes of the mandible (lower jaw) are more prominent.[3]
The echolocation call of this species was reported in a 2007 study that consists of a component with rapidly falling frequency followed by one with more slowly changing frequency.[19] The call takes 3.6 to 6.3 ms, averaging 4.9 ms, and the period between two calls is 34.2 to 94.4 ms, averaging 69.1 ms. The maximum frequency averages 79.8 kHz, the minimum frequency averages 40.5 kHz, and the call emits the most energy at a frequency of 45.7 kHz.[20]
Distribution and ecologyEdit
Laephotis malagasyensis is known only from the vicinity of Isalo National Park, an area of about 2000 km2 (800 sq mi), in interior southwestern Madagascar.[1] The holotype was caught in 1967 in a mistnet set in a row of palms along a river in dry savannah habitat.[21] Peterson and colleagues reported that it had been collected near the village of Marinday,[2] but Goodman and Ranivo suggested that it may instead have come from near Ilakaka.[8] Two specimens, a male and a female, were collected at different localities in Isalo National Park in early December 2002, both in mistnets near rivers. The male had enlarged testes and the female had recently stopped lactating and had large mammae.[8] Two others followed in 2003, also from the national park, and caught in woodland near rivers.[22] A 2009 study on echolocation described the call of six individuals of L. malagasyensis from an unspecified site within the national park.[23] In view of its small known range and the threat of habitat destruction, the IUCN Red List assesses the species as "vulnerable"; further research is recommended on its roosting and dietary habits.[1]
NotesEdit
^Neoromicia somalicus in Simmons (2005, p. 495). However, Ricucci and Lanza (2008) indicated that the gender of the name Neoromicia is feminine, and therefore the correct form is somalica.[5]
^Goodman, Steven M., et al. "The genus Neoromicia (Family Vespertilionidae) in Madagascar, with the description of a new species." Zootaxa 3250.1 (2012): 25.
^Monadjem, Ara; Demos, Terrence C; Dalton, Desire L; Webala, Paul W; Musila, Simon; Kerbis Peterhans, Julian C; Patterson, Bruce D (2020-09-10). "A revision of pipistrelle-like bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in East Africa with the description of new genera and species". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 191 (4): 1114–1146. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa087. ISSN 0024-4082.
Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008. Eptesicus malagasyensis. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on July 4, 2010.
Bates, P.J.J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H., Harrison, D.L. and Goodman, S.M. 2006. A description of a new species of Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Madagascar with a review of related Vespertilioninae from the island (subscription required). Acta Chiropterologica 8(2):299–324.
Goodman, S.M. and Ranivo, J. 2004. The taxonomic status of Neoromicia somalicus malagasyensis. Mammalian Biology 69(6):434–438.
Kofoky, A.F., Randrianandrianina, F., Russ, J., Raharinantenaina, I., Cardiff, S.G., Jenkins, R.K.B. and Racey, P.A. 2009. Forest bats of Madagascar: results of acoustic surveys (subscription required). Acta Chiropterologica 11(2):375–392.
Peterson, R.L., Eger, J.L. and Mitchell, L. 1995. Chiroptères. Faune de Madagascar 84:1–204 (in French).
Ricucci, M. and Lanza, B. 2008. Neoromicia Roberts, 1926 (Mammalia Vespertilionidae): correction of gender and etymology 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine. Hystrix Italian Journal of Mammalogy 19(2):175–177.
Simmons, N.B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312–529 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp. ISBN978-0-8018-8221-0
October 22, 2023
isalo, serotine, laephotis, malagasyensis, vesper, madagascar, genus, laephotis, known, only, from, vicinity, isalo, national, park, southwestern, part, island, where, been, caught, riverine, habitats, after, first, specimen, caught, 1967, described, subspecie. The Isalo serotine Laephotis malagasyensis is a vesper bat of Madagascar in the genus Laephotis It is known only from the vicinity of the Isalo National Park in the southwestern part of the island where it has been caught in riverine habitats After the first specimen was caught in 1967 it was described as a subspecies of Eptesicus somalicus now Neoromicia somalica in 1995 After four more specimens were collected in 2002 and 2003 it was recognized as a separate species Because of its small distribution and the threat of habitat destruction it is considered vulnerable in the IUCN Red List Isalo serotineConservation statusVulnerable IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass MammaliaOrder ChiropteraFamily VespertilionidaeGenus LaephotisSpecies L malagasyensisBinomial nameLaephotis malagasyensis Peterson Eger and Mitchell 1995 Collection localities of Laephotis malagasyensisSynonymsEptesicus somalicus malagasyensis Peterson et al 1995 2 Neoromicia malagasyensis Goodman and Ranivo 2004 3 Eptesicus malagasyensis Andriafidison et al 2008 1 Laephotis malagasyensis is a relatively small species with a forearm length of 30 to 32 mm 1 2 to 1 3 in and a body mass of 3 9 to 9 g 0 1 to 0 3 oz The fur is dark brown above and mixed buff and gray below The ears are translucent and the tibia is short The baculum penis bone resembles that of N melckorum but is smaller 4 The duration of the echolocation call which consists of a component with rapidly falling frequency and one showing more stable frequency averages 4 9 ms and the interval between calls averages 69 1 ms Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Distribution and ecology 4 Notes 5 References 6 Literature citedTaxonomy EditIn their 1995 review of Malagasy bats Randolph Peterson and colleagues established Eptesicus somalicus malagasyensis a new subspecies of Eptesicus somalicus 2 currently Neoromicia somalica Note 1 They had only a single specimen and noted that further material was needed to assess the new form s relationship with E somalicus 6 Studies in 2001 and 2002 provided evidence that E somalicus and related species are not closely related to Eptesicus nor to Pipistrellus where they have also been placed so that these species were allocated to the separate genus Neoromicia 7 In 2004 Steven Goodman and Julie Ranivo reviewed the Malagasy subspecies after collecting two more specimens 8 and concluded that it was distinct enough to be classified as a separate species Neoromicia malagasyensis 3 Two years later Paul Bates and colleagues reported on two more specimens 9 and showed that the bacula penis bones of N malagasyensis and N somalica are different providing further evidence that they are distinct species However they recommended that further research assess the degree of difference between N malagasyensis and N matroka formerly in Eptesicus but placed in Neoromicia by Bates and colleagues and later placed in Laephotis which occurs further east in Madagascar 10 The IUCN Red List currently again classifies the species in Eptesicus as Eptesicus malagasyensis 1 In 2020 a phylogenetic analysis found it to belong to Laephotis as opposed to Neoromicia and classified it as such 11 12 Laephotis malagasyensis is one of at least six species of small vespertilionid bats pipistrelles on Madagascar in addition to L matroka L robertsi Pipistrellus hesperidus P raceyi and Nycticeinops anchietae The classification of these bats has historically been controversial leading to many changing identifications and generic assignments 13 The genus Laephotis is exclusively African and included 4 species in the 2005 third edition of Mammal Species of the World 14 more species like L malagasyensis and L matroka have been added since Common names proposed for this species include Isalo Serotine 1 and Peterson s pipistrelle 10 Description EditMeasurements Specimen Sex Forearm Tail Hindfoot Ear MassROM 42713 Note 2 15 Female 32 27 6 Note 3 12 9FMNH 175988 15 Male 30 37 4 Note 4 11 3 9FMNH 175989 15 Female 32 35 5 Note 4 12 6 0UA uncatalogued 16 Male 30 1 30 4 5 3 Note 4 9 8 UA uncatalogued 16 Female 32 0 29 3 6 9 Note 4 11 4 All measurements are in millimeters except mass in grams Laephotis malagasyensis is a relatively small pipistrelle 9 but larger than Neoromicia somalica 17 The fur on the back is long and dark brown and the underparts contain both gray and dark buff hairs there the fur becomes lighter towards the tail 10 The fur is darker than in N somalica 6 but paler than in L matroka 18 The brown ears are translucent 10 The tragus a projection on the inner side of the outer ear is similar to that of N somalica but may be a little narrower 17 Relative to the two other Malagasy Laephotis species the tibia is short A single baculum penis bone 2 2 mm long has been studied It resembles the baculum of L robertsi but is smaller As in L matroka the distal far end is flat and displaced downwards but the L malagasyensis baculum has a smaller area and less well developed flanges at the sides and a smaller vertical extension of the bone 10 The skull is somewhat smaller than that of L matroka 10 and the braincase and palate are narrower 18 Compared to N somalica the skull is broader 6 The ridge on the lacrimal bone is better developed the palate is broader the frontal bones contain a depression and are swollen at the sides the mastoid bones are smaller 17 and the coronoid and angular processes of the mandible lower jaw are more prominent 3 The echolocation call of this species was reported in a 2007 study that consists of a component with rapidly falling frequency followed by one with more slowly changing frequency 19 The call takes 3 6 to 6 3 ms averaging 4 9 ms and the period between two calls is 34 2 to 94 4 ms averaging 69 1 ms The maximum frequency averages 79 8 kHz the minimum frequency averages 40 5 kHz and the call emits the most energy at a frequency of 45 7 kHz 20 Distribution and ecology EditLaephotis malagasyensis is known only from the vicinity of Isalo National Park an area of about 2000 km2 800 sq mi in interior southwestern Madagascar 1 The holotype was caught in 1967 in a mistnet set in a row of palms along a river in dry savannah habitat 21 Peterson and colleagues reported that it had been collected near the village of Marinday 2 but Goodman and Ranivo suggested that it may instead have come from near Ilakaka 8 Two specimens a male and a female were collected at different localities in Isalo National Park in early December 2002 both in mistnets near rivers The male had enlarged testes and the female had recently stopped lactating and had large mammae 8 Two others followed in 2003 also from the national park and caught in woodland near rivers 22 A 2009 study on echolocation described the call of six individuals of L malagasyensis from an unspecified site within the national park 23 In view of its small known range and the threat of habitat destruction the IUCN Red List assesses the species as vulnerable further research is recommended on its roosting and dietary habits 1 Notes Edit Neoromicia somalicus in Simmons 2005 p 495 However Ricucci and Lanza 2008 indicated that the gender of the name Neoromicia is feminine and therefore the correct form is somalica 5 Holotype Including the claw a b c d Excluding the claw References Edit a b c d e f Monadjem A Andriafidison D Cardiff S G Hutson A M Jenkins R K B Kofoky A Racey P A Ranivo J Ratrimomanarivo F H Razafimanahaka J 2019 Neoromicia malagasyensis The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019 e T136820A22044073 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2019 1 RLTS T136820A22044073 en a b c Peterson et al 1995 p 100 a b c Goodman and Ranivo 2004 p 438 Goodman Steven M et al The genus Neoromicia Family Vespertilionidae in Madagascar with the description of a new species Zootaxa 3250 1 2012 25 Ricucci and Lanza 2008 p 176 a b c Peterson et al 1995 p 101 Goodman and Ranivo 2004 p 434 a b c Goodman and Ranivo 2004 p 435 a b Bates et al 2006 p 313 a b c d e f Bates et al 2006 p 315 Mammal Diversity Database 2021 08 10 Mammal Diversity Database retrieved 2021 09 19 Monadjem Ara Demos Terrence C Dalton Desire L Webala Paul W Musila Simon Kerbis Peterhans Julian C Patterson Bruce D 2020 09 10 A revision of pipistrelle like bats Mammalia Chiroptera Vespertilionidae in East Africa with the description of new genera and species Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191 4 1114 1146 doi 10 1093 zoolinnean zlaa087 ISSN 0024 4082 Bates et al 2006 pp 299 300 Simmons 2005 pp 493 495 a b c Goodman and Ranivo 2004 table 1 a b Bates et al 2006 table 1 a b c Goodman and Ranivo 2004 p 436 a b Bates et al 2006 p 321 Kofoky et al 2009 p 382 fig 7a Kofoky et al 2009 table 1 Peterson et al 1995 pp 100 102 Bates et al 2006 p 315 Bates et al 2006 pp 313 315 Kofoky et al 2009 p 382Literature cited EditAndriafidison D Cardiff S G Goodman S M Hutson A M Jenkins R K B Kofoky A F Racey P A Ranivo J Ratrimomanarivo F H and Razafimanahaka H J 2008 Eptesicus malagasyensis In IUCN IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Version 2009 2 lt www iucnredlist org gt Downloaded on July 4 2010 Bates P J J Ratrimomanarivo F H Harrison D L and Goodman S M 2006 A description of a new species of Pipistrellus Chiroptera Vespertilionidae from Madagascar with a review of related Vespertilioninae from the island subscription required Acta Chiropterologica 8 2 299 324 Goodman S M and Ranivo J 2004 The taxonomic status of Neoromicia somalicus malagasyensis Mammalian Biology 69 6 434 438 Kofoky A F Randrianandrianina F Russ J Raharinantenaina I Cardiff S G Jenkins R K B and Racey P A 2009 Forest bats of Madagascar results of acoustic surveys subscription required Acta Chiropterologica 11 2 375 392 Peterson R L Eger J L and Mitchell L 1995 Chiropteres Faune de Madagascar 84 1 204 in French Ricucci M and Lanza B 2008 Neoromicia Roberts 1926 Mammalia Vespertilionidae correction of gender and etymology Archived 2016 03 04 at the Wayback Machine Hystrix Italian Journal of Mammalogy 19 2 175 177 Simmons N B 2005 Order Chiroptera Pp 312 529 in Wilson D E and Reeder D M eds Mammal Species of the World a taxonomic and geographic reference 3rd ed Baltimore The Johns Hopkins University Press 2 vols 2142 pp ISBN 978 0 8018 8221 0 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Isalo serotine amp oldid 1170161765, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
