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International Masonic Association

April 15, 2024


The International Masonic Association (French: Association maçonnique internationale, also known as the AMI) founded in 1921 and dissolved in 1950, was an international grouping of Masonic obediences. Based in Geneva, the home of the Grand Lodge Alpina of Switzerland, the international was directed along the lines of Continental Freemasonry and heavily influenced by the Grand Orient de France. The organisation was involved in political activities in Europe between the First World War and the Second World War.

International Masonic Association
Formation23 October 1921 (dissolved 1950)
Location

History edit

Background edit

In 1889, the Grand Orient de France proposed to create an international Masonic federation. This was done in 1902 at the International Masonic Congress in Geneva. The following year, an international office of Masonic relations was opened in Neuchâtel in Switzerland and placed under the direction of Édouard Quartier-la-Tente who was then Grand Master of the Grand Lodge Alpina of Switzerland (GLSA). Caught in the turmoil of the First World War, the office had to cease its activities, it was dissolved in 1920.[1]

Foundation and growth edit

In October 1921, during the Geneva Convention under the presidency of Isaac Reverchon, Grand Master of the GLSA, the obediences of the liberal Continental Freemasonry current came together to found a new organization: the International Masonic Association. Its aim is to maintain the existing relations between the Grand Lodges, to develop them and to create new ones. Among the founders are the GLSA, the Grand Orient de France, the Grand Lodge of New York, the Grand Lodge of France, the Grand Orient of Belgium, the Grand Orient of Italy and the Grand Orient of the Netherlands. With the exception of the Grand Lodge of New York, most of the obediences were located in the European sphere of influence and were part of the radical political current.[2] According to the historian Yves Hivert-Messeca in 1923 the association had 23 obediences including 14 European, in 1924 seven new memberships were registered including five coming from Latin America and two new ones from Europe bringing its membership to thirty.[3] Between 1927 and 1934 eleven new obediences including three large Mexican lodges swelled the numbers which reached their maximum that year.[4]

 
Portrait of Arthur Groussier, president of the International Masonic Association from 1927 until 1930.

Political activities edit

From 1927 to 1930, the AMI was chaired by the Frenchman Arthur Groussier, president of the Council of the Order (Grand Master) of the Grand Orient de France.

In the 1930s, the AMI played a leading role in coordinating the political activities of the Continental freemasons. On May 6, 1933, during the Brussels congress the International Masonic Association launched an appeal to all lodges and grand lodges in the world to protest against the rise of National Socialism in Germany and called on them to: "unite to ensure respect for the principles of human freedom and dignity which are the honor of our civilization ” .

During World War II the AMI moved its office from Geneva to Lisbon and unsuccessfully made political efforts to convince the British and American governments not to recognize the reign of Francisco Franco over the Spanish State, but to work for the reconstruction of Spain along liberal lines (either under the guise of a constitutional monarchy under Juan de Bórbon or as an outright republic).[5] Indeed, the Spanish State under Franco constantly accused the International Masonic Association by name of being part of an international anti-patriotic plot and as having caused the Spanish Civil War.[6]

Dissolution edit

After the Second World War, the United Grand Lodge of England, which acted as the figurehead of the less politically radical Regular Freemasonry, called on the GLSA to sever its relations with the Continental Freemasons dominated by the Grand Orient de France. Consequently, in 1950, the Swiss obedience split from the Continentals and dissolved the AMI.

Grand Chancellors edit

  • Édouard Quartier-la-Tente (1921-1925)
  • Isaac Reverchon (1925-1927)
  • John Mossaz (1927-1950)

Members edit

Europe edit

Americas edit

Congresses edit

  • 1921-1921 Geneva, Switzerland
  • 1923-1923 Geneva, Switzerland
  • 1924-1924 Brussels, Belgium
  • 1925-1925 Geneva, Switzerland
  • 1927-1927 Paris, France
  • 1930-1930 Brussels, Belgium
  • 1932-1932 Istanbul, Turkey
  • 1934-1934 Luxembourg
  • 1936-1936 Prague, Czechoslovakia

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Hivert-Messeca 2015, p. 57.
  2. ^ Hivert-Messeca 2015, p. 58.
  3. ^ Hivert-Messeca 2015, p. 63.
  4. ^ Hivert-Messeca 2015, p. 64-65.
  5. ^ Xavi Casinos y Josep Brunet, Franco contra los Masones, mr ediciones, Madrid, 2007.
  6. ^ Domínguez Arribas, Javier (26 February 2020), "The myth of the anti-patriotic conspiracy and the International Masonic Association (Spain, 1921-1975)", Universidad de París XIII, Francia

Bibliography edit

  • Pierre-Yves Beaurepaire, L'Europe des francs-maçons : XVIIIe-XXIe siècle, Paris, Éditions Belin, 2002 et 2018, 2e éd., 540 p. (ISBN 978-2-410-01382-5 et 2-7011-2835-8, notice BnF no FRBNF38929710)
  • Hivert-Messeca, Yves (2015). L'Europe sous l'acacia: histoire des franc-maçonneries européennes du XVIIIe siècle à nos jours le temps du martyre, de la révolution d'Octobre à la chute du mur de Berlin. Paris: Éditions Dervy. ISBN 979-10-242-0135-1.
  • Yves Hivert-Messeca, Hiram et Bellone : Les francs-maçons dans la Grande Guerre (1914-1918), Éditions Dervy, coll. « L'univers maçonnique », 2016, 281 p. (ISBN 979-10-242-0167-2)

April 15, 2024
international, masonic, association, french, association, maçonnique, internationale, also, known, founded, 1921, dissolved, 1950, international, grouping, masonic, obediences, based, geneva, home, grand, lodge, alpina, switzerland, international, directed, al. The International Masonic Association French Association maconnique internationale also known as the AMI founded in 1921 and dissolved in 1950 was an international grouping of Masonic obediences Based in Geneva the home of the Grand Lodge Alpina of Switzerland the international was directed along the lines of Continental Freemasonry and heavily influenced by the Grand Orient de France The organisation was involved in political activities in Europe between the First World War and the Second World War International Masonic AssociationFormation23 October 1921 dissolved 1950 Location20 rue General Dufour Grande Chancellerie Geneva Switzerland International Grand Lodge Alpina of SwitzerlandGrand Orient de FranceGrand Lodge of New YorkGrand Lodge of FranceGrand Orient of BelgiumGrand Orient of ItalyGrand Orient of the Netherlands Contents 1 History 1 1 Background 1 2 Foundation and growth 1 3 Political activities 1 4 Dissolution 2 Grand Chancellors 3 Members 3 1 Europe 3 2 Americas 4 Congresses 5 See also 6 References 6 1 BibliographyHistory editBackground edit In 1889 the Grand Orient de France proposed to create an international Masonic federation This was done in 1902 at the International Masonic Congress in Geneva The following year an international office of Masonic relations was opened in Neuchatel in Switzerland and placed under the direction of Edouard Quartier la Tente who was then Grand Master of the Grand Lodge Alpina of Switzerland GLSA Caught in the turmoil of the First World War the office had to cease its activities it was dissolved in 1920 1 Foundation and growth edit In October 1921 during the Geneva Convention under the presidency of Isaac Reverchon Grand Master of the GLSA the obediences of the liberal Continental Freemasonry current came together to found a new organization the International Masonic Association Its aim is to maintain the existing relations between the Grand Lodges to develop them and to create new ones Among the founders are the GLSA the Grand Orient de France the Grand Lodge of New York the Grand Lodge of France the Grand Orient of Belgium the Grand Orient of Italy and the Grand Orient of the Netherlands With the exception of the Grand Lodge of New York most of the obediences were located in the European sphere of influence and were part of the radical political current 2 According to the historian Yves Hivert Messeca in 1923 the association had 23 obediences including 14 European in 1924 seven new memberships were registered including five coming from Latin America and two new ones from Europe bringing its membership to thirty 3 Between 1927 and 1934 eleven new obediences including three large Mexican lodges swelled the numbers which reached their maximum that year 4 nbsp Portrait of Arthur Groussier president of the International Masonic Association from 1927 until 1930 Political activities edit From 1927 to 1930 the AMI was chaired by the Frenchman Arthur Groussier president of the Council of the Order Grand Master of the Grand Orient de France In the 1930s the AMI played a leading role in coordinating the political activities of the Continental freemasons On May 6 1933 during the Brussels congress the International Masonic Association launched an appeal to all lodges and grand lodges in the world to protest against the rise of National Socialism in Germany and called on them to unite to ensure respect for the principles of human freedom and dignity which are the honor of our civilization During World War II the AMI moved its office from Geneva to Lisbon and unsuccessfully made political efforts to convince the British and American governments not to recognize the reign of Francisco Franco over the Spanish State but to work for the reconstruction of Spain along liberal lines either under the guise of a constitutional monarchy under Juan de Borbon or as an outright republic 5 Indeed the Spanish State under Franco constantly accused the International Masonic Association by name of being part of an international anti patriotic plot and as having caused the Spanish Civil War 6 Dissolution edit After the Second World War the United Grand Lodge of England which acted as the figurehead of the less politically radical Regular Freemasonry called on the GLSA to sever its relations with the Continental Freemasons dominated by the Grand Orient de France Consequently in 1950 the Swiss obedience split from the Continentals and dissolved the AMI Grand Chancellors editEdouard Quartier la Tente 1921 1925 Isaac Reverchon 1925 1927 John Mossaz 1927 1950 Members editEurope edit nbsp Belgium Grand Orient de Belgique 1921 nbsp Bulgaria Grand Lodge of Bulgaria 1921 nbsp Spain Grand Lodge of Spain 1921 1937 banned by state nbsp Spain Grand Orient of Spain 1930 1937 banned by state nbsp France Grande Loge de France 1921 nbsp France Grand Orient de France 1921 nbsp Greece Grand Orient of Greece 1923 nbsp Netherlands Grand Orient of the Netherlands 1921 1927 nbsp Italy Grand Orient of Italy 1921 1927 banned by state nbsp Luxembourg Grand Lodge of Luxembourg 1927 nbsp Norway Grand Lodge Polarstjernen 1927 nbsp Poland Grand Lodge of Poland 1936 1937 banned by state nbsp Portugal Grand Orient Lusitanien Uni de Portugal 1921 1935 banned by state nbsp Switzerland Grande Loge Suisse Alpina 1921 nbsp Czechoslovakia National Grand Lodge of Czechoslovakia 1930 1939 banned by state nbsp Turkey Grand Orient of Turkey 1921 1935 banned by state nbsp Austria Grand Lodge of Vienna for Austria 1930 1939 banned by state nbsp Yugoslavia Grand Lodge of Yugoslavia 1926 nbsp Germany Freemasons Association for the Rising Sun 1921 1934 banned by state nbsp Germany Symbolic Grand Lodge of Germany 1930 1934 banned by stateAmericas edit nbsp USA Grand Lodge of New York 1921 1924 nbsp Puerto Rico Sovereign Grand Lodge of Puerto Rico 1923 nbsp El Salvador Grand Lodge of Cuscatlan 1923 nbsp Venezuela Grand Lodge of the United States of Venezuela 1923 nbsp Colombia National Grand Lodge of Colombia in Barranquilla 1923 nbsp Colombia National Grand Lodge of Colombia in Cartagena 1923 nbsp Ecuador Grand Lodge of Ecuador 1924 nbsp Peru Grand Lodge of the Republic of Peru 1924 nbsp Haiti Grand Orient of Haiti 1924 nbsp Guatemala Grand Lodge of Guatemala 1924 nbsp Brazil Grand Orient of Brazil 1930 nbsp Mexico Grand Lodge The Oriental Peninsula of the State of Merida 1930 nbsp Mexico Grand Lodge of the Pacific in Guaymas in the State of Sonora 1930 nbsp Cuba Grand Lodge of the Isle of Cuba 1930 nbsp Mexico Grand Lodge of the Valle of Mexico 1936 nbsp Honduras Grand Lodge of Honduras 1936 nbsp Panama Grand Lodge of Panama 1936 nbsp Argentina Grand Lodge of the Republic of Argentina 1936 nbsp Bolivia Grand Lodge of Bolivia 1936 nbsp Chile Grand Lodge of Chile 1936 nbsp Paraguay Symbolic Grand Lodge of Paraguay 1936 nbsp Uruguay Grand Orient of Uruguay 1936 Congresses edit1921 1921 Geneva Switzerland 1923 1923 Geneva Switzerland 1924 1924 Brussels Belgium 1925 1925 Geneva Switzerland 1927 1927 Paris France 1930 1930 Brussels Belgium 1932 1932 Istanbul Turkey 1934 1934 Luxembourg 1936 1936 Prague CzechoslovakiaSee also editCentre de Liaison et d Information des Puissances maconniques Signataires de l Appel de Strasbourg International Secretariat of the Masonic Adogmatic Powers Political internationalReferences edit Hivert Messeca 2015 p 57 Hivert Messeca 2015 p 58 Hivert Messeca 2015 p 63 Hivert Messeca 2015 p 64 65 Xavi Casinos y Josep Brunet Franco contra los Masones mr ediciones Madrid 2007 Dominguez Arribas Javier 26 February 2020 The myth of the anti patriotic conspiracy and the International Masonic Association Spain 1921 1975 Universidad de Paris XIII Francia Bibliography edit Pierre Yves Beaurepaire L Europe des francs macons XVIIIe XXIe siecle Paris Editions Belin 2002 et 2018 2e ed 540 p ISBN 978 2 410 01382 5 et 2 7011 2835 8 notice BnF no FRBNF38929710 Hivert Messeca Yves 2015 L Europe sous l acacia histoire des franc maconneries europeennes du XVIIIe siecle a nos jours le temps du martyre de la revolution d Octobre a la chute du mur de Berlin Paris Editions Dervy ISBN 979 10 242 0135 1 Yves Hivert Messeca Hiram et Bellone Les francs macons dans la Grande Guerre 1914 1918 Editions Dervy coll L univers maconnique 2016 281 p ISBN 979 10 242 0167 2 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title International Masonic Association amp oldid 1182252009, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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