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Wikipedia

Interleukin 9

January 01, 1970

Interleukin 9, also known as IL-9, is a pleiotropic cytokine (cell signalling molecule) belonging to the group of interleukins.[5] IL-9 is produced by variety of cells like mast cells, NKT cells, Th2, Th17, Treg, ILC2, and Th9 cells in different amounts. Among them, Th9 cells are regarded as the major CD4+ T cells that produce IL-9.[6]

IL9
Identifiers
AliasesIL9, HP40, IL-9, P40, interleukin 9
External IDsOMIM: 146931 MGI: 96563 HomoloGene: 492 GeneCards: IL9
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

3578

16198

Ensembl

ENSG00000145839

ENSMUSG00000021538

UniProt

P15248

P15247

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_000590

NM_008373

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000581

NP_032399

Location (UCSC)Chr 5: 135.89 – 135.9 MbChr 13: 56.63 – 56.63 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Functions edit

Il-9 is a cytokine secreted by CD4+ helper cells that acts as a regulator of a variety of hematopoietic cells.[7] This cytokine stimulates cell proliferation and prevents apoptosis. It functions through the interleukin-9 receptor (IL9R), which activates different signal transducer and activator (STAT) proteins namely STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5 and thus connects this cytokine to various biological processes. The gene encoding this cytokine has been identified as a candidate gene for asthma. Genetic studies on a mouse model of asthma demonstrated that this cytokine is a determining factor in the pathogenesis of bronchial hyperresponsiveness.[5]

Interleukin-9 has also shown to inhibit melanoma growth in mice. [8]

Additionally, it gives rise to the multiplication of hematologic neoplasias and also Hodgkin's lymphoma in humans but IL-9 also has antitumor properties in solid tumors, for example melanoma.[6]

Discovery edit

IL-9 was first described in the late 1980s as a member of a growing number of cytokines that had pleiotropic functions in the immune system.IL-9 remains an understudied cytokine even though it has been allocated with many biological functions. It was first purified and characterized as a T cell and mast cell growth factor and termed as P40, based on their molecular weight, or Mast cell growth-enhancing activity (MEA).The cloning and complete amino acid sequencing of P40 disclosed that it is structurally different from other T cells growth factors. So, it was named IL-9 based on its biological effects on both myeloid and lymphoid cells.[9]

The identification and cloning was first done by Yang and colleagues as a mitogenic factor for a human megakaryoblastic leukemia. The same human cDNA was isolated again by cross-hybridization with the mouse IL-9 probe.[10]

Gene location edit

The human IL-9 gene is located on the long arm of human chromosome 5 at band 5q31-32, a region which is not found in a number of patients with acquired chromosome 5q deletion syndrome.[11]

Protein structure edit

Human IL-9 protein sequence contains 144 residues with a typical signal peptide of 18 amino acids. There is also the presence of 9 cysteines in mature polypeptide and 4 N-linked glycosylation sites.[10] Until recently, IL-9 was thought to be evolutionary related to IL-7.[12] However, we know now that IL-9 is closer to IL-2 and IL-15 than to IL-7,[13] at both the tertiary and amino acid sequence levels.

Production edit

Interleukin 33 (IL-33) induces IL-9 expression and secretion in T cells, which was confirmed by the results obtained in mice by using Human in vitro system.[14] Whereas the report of others confirms that TGF-β is an essential factor for IL-9 induction.[15] For the first time (Lars Blom, Britta C. Poulsen, Bettina M. Jensen, Anker Hansen and Lars K. Poulsen published a journal online in 2011 Jul 6),indicating that TGF-β may be important for production of IL-9 but it is not only the definite requirement for IL-9 induction, since cultures with IL-33 without TGF-β have noticeably increased secretion of IL-9, suggesting an important role of IL-33, even though that the effect was not found significant on the gene level.[16]

 
Interleukin-9 receptor
 
IL-9 has different direct and indirect effects on multiple cell types that affect the development of immunity and inflammation.

IL-9 expression edit

The analysis of IL-9 expression in different types of tumours such as Large cell anaplastic lymphoma (LCAL) and Hodgkin's Disease (HD) by Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization has showed that IL-9 is not involved as an autocrine growth factor in the pathogenesis of most B and T-cell lymphomas, but it may have a part in HD and LCAL autocrine growth.

The further investigation could be done to conclude another probability, that, the in vivo overexpression of IL-9 might show the unique symptoms related to eosinophilia which was recently reported for Interleukin 5 positive cases of HD.[17]

IL-9 was found to be the first physiological stimulus triggering BCL3 expression in T cells and mast cells by the analysis done in mouse.[18]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000145839 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021538 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: IL9 interleukin 9".
  6. ^ a b Rojas-Zuleta WG, Sanchez E (2017). "IL-9: Function, Sources, and Detection". Th9 Cells. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 1585. pp. 21–35. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6877-0_2. hdl:10161/14730. ISBN 978-1-4939-6876-3. PMID 28477184.
  7. ^ Perumal NB, Kaplan MH (2011). "Regulating IL9 transcription in T helper cells". Trends in Immunology. 32 (4): 146–50. doi:10.1016/j.it.2011.01.006. PMC 3070825. PMID 21371941.
  8. ^ Purwar R, Schlapbach C, Xiao S, Kang HS, Elyaman W, Jiang X, Jetten AM, Khoury SJ, Fuhlbrigge RC, Kuchroo VK, Clark RA, Kupper TS (August 2012). "Robust tumor immunity to melanoma mediated by interleukin-9-producing T cells". Nature Medicine. 18 (8): 1248–53. doi:10.1038/nm.2856. PMC 3518666. PMID 22772464.
    • Lay summary in: "Scientists find molecule in immune system that could help treat dangerous skin cancer". MedicalXpress. July 8, 2012.
  9. ^ Goswami R, Kaplan MH (March 2011). "A brief history of IL-9". Journal of Immunology. 186 (6): 3283–8. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1003049. PMC 3074408. PMID 21368237.
  10. ^ a b Renauld JC (1995). "Interleukin-9: Structural characteristics and biologic properties". Cytokines: Interleukins and Their Receptors. Cancer Treatment and Research. Vol. 80. Springer, Boston, MA. pp. 287–303. doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-1241-3_11. ISBN 9781461285281. PMID 8821582.
  11. ^ Kelleher K, Bean K, Clark SC, Leung WY, Yang-Feng TL, Chen JW, Lin PF, Luo W, Yang YC (1991). "Human interleukin-9: genomic sequence, chromosomal location, and sequences essential for its expression in human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-I-transformed human T cells" (PDF). Blood. 77 (7): 1436–41. doi:10.1182/blood.V77.7.1436.1436. PMID 1901233.
  12. ^ Boulay JL, Paul WE (1993-09-01). "Hematopoietin sub-family classification based on size, gene organization and sequence homology". Current Biology. 3 (9): 573–581. Bibcode:1993CBio....3..573B. doi:10.1016/0960-9822(93)90002-6. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 15335670. S2CID 42479456.
  13. ^ Reche PA (2019-02-01). "The tertiary structure of γc cytokines dictates receptor sharing". Cytokine. 116: 161–168. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2019.01.007. ISSN 1096-0023. PMID 30716660. S2CID 73449371.
  14. ^ Humphreys NE, Xu D, Hepworth MR, Liew FY, Grencis RK (February 2008). "IL-33, a potent inducer of adaptive immunity to intestinal nematodes". Journal of Immunology. 180 (4): 2443–9. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.180.4.2443. PMID 18250453.
  15. ^ Beriou G, Bradshaw EM, Lozano E, Costantino CM, Hastings WD, Orban T, Elyaman W, Khoury SJ, Kuchroo VK, Baecher-Allan C, Hafler DA (July 2010). "TGF-beta induces IL-9 production from human Th17 cells". Journal of Immunology. 185 (1): 46–54. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1000356. PMC 2936106. PMID 20498357.
  16. ^ Blom L, Poulsen BC, Jensen BM, Hansen A, Poulsen LK (2011-07-06). "IL-33 induces IL-9 production in human CD4+ T cells and basophils". PLOS ONE. 6 (7): e21695. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...621695B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021695. PMC 3130774. PMID 21765905.
  17. ^ Merz H, Houssiau FA, Orscheschek K, Renauld JC, Fliedner A, Herin M, Noel H, Kadin M, Mueller-Hermelink HK, Van Snick J (1991). "Interleukin-9 expression in human malignant lymphomas: unique association with Hodgkin's disease and large cell anaplastic lymphoma". Blood. 78 (5): 1311–7. doi:10.1182/blood.V78.5.1311.1311. PMID 1908723.
  18. ^ Richard M, Louahed J, Demoulin JB, Renauld JC (1999). "Interleukin-9 regulates NF-kappaB activity through BCL3 gene induction". Blood. 93 (12): 4318–27. doi:10.1182/blood.V93.12.4318. PMID 10361130.

Further reading edit

  • Renauld JC, Houssiau F, Louahed J, Vink A, Van Snick J, Uyttenhove C (1993). "Interleukin-9". Advances in Immunology Volume 54. Vol. 54. pp. 79–97. doi:10.1016/S0065-2776(08)60533-7. ISBN 978-0-12-022454-8. PMID 8379467.
  • Knoops L, Renauld JC (December 2004). "IL-9 and its receptor: from signal transduction to tumorigenesis". Growth Factors. 22 (4): 207–15. doi:10.1080/08977190410001720879. PMID 15621723. S2CID 40523692.
  • Modi WS, Pollock DD, Mock BA, Banner C, Renauld JC, Van Snick J (1991). "Regional localization of the human glutaminase (GLS) and interleukin-9 (IL9) genes by in situ hybridization". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 57 (2–3): 114–6. doi:10.1159/000133126. PMID 1680606.
  • Kelleher K, Bean K, Clark SC, Leung WY, Yang-Feng TL, Chen JW, Lin PF, Luo W, Yang YC (April 1991). "Human interleukin-9: genomic sequence, chromosomal location, and sequences essential for its expression in human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-I-transformed human T cells". Blood. 77 (7): 1436–41. doi:10.1182/blood.V77.7.1436.1436. PMID 1901233.
  • Holbrook ST, Ohls RK, Schibler KR, Yang YC, Christensen RD (May 1991). "Effect of interleukin-9 on clonogenic maturation and cell-cycle status of fetal and adult hematopoietic progenitors". Blood. 77 (10): 2129–34. doi:10.1182/blood.V77.10.2129.2129. PMID 1903074.
  • Merz H, Houssiau FA, Orscheschek K, Renauld JC, Fliedner A, Herin M, Noel H, Kadin M, Mueller-Hermelink HK, Van Snick J (September 1991). "Interleukin-9 expression in human malignant lymphomas: unique association with Hodgkin's disease and large cell anaplastic lymphoma". Blood. 78 (5): 1311–7. doi:10.1182/blood.V78.5.1311.1311. PMID 1908723.
  • Renauld JC, Goethals A, Houssiau F, Merz H, Van Roost E, Van Snick J (June 1990). "Human P40/IL-9. Expression in activated CD4+ T cells, genomic organization, and comparison with the mouse gene". Journal of Immunology. 144 (11): 4235–41. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.144.11.4235. PMID 1971295. S2CID 30151082.
  • Renauld JC, Goethals A, Houssiau F, Van Roost E, Van Snick J (January 1990). "Cloning and expression of a cDNA for the human homolog of mouse T cell and mast cell growth factor P40". Cytokine. 2 (1): 9–12. doi:10.1016/1043-4666(90)90037-T. hdl:2078.1/11464. PMID 2129501.
  • Yang YC, Ricciardi S, Ciarletta A, Calvetti J, Kelleher K, Clark SC (November 1989). "Expression cloning of cDNA encoding a novel human hematopoietic growth factor: human homologue of murine T-cell growth factor P40". Blood. 74 (6): 1880–4. doi:10.1182/blood.V74.6.1880.1880. PMID 2508790.
  • Yin T, Keller SR, Quelle FW, Witthuhn BA, Tsang ML, Lienhard GE, Ihle JN, Yang YC (September 1995). "Interleukin-9 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 via JAK tyrosine kinases". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (35): 20497–502. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.35.20497. PMID 7544789.
  • Postma DS, Bleecker ER, Amelung PJ, Holroyd KJ, Xu J, Panhuysen CI, Meyers DA, Levitt RC (October 1995). "Genetic susceptibility to asthma--bronchial hyperresponsiveness coinherited with a major gene for atopy". The New England Journal of Medicine. 333 (14): 894–900. doi:10.1056/NEJM199510053331402. PMID 7666875.
  • Le Beau MM, Espinosa R, Neuman WL, Stock W, Roulston D, Larson RA, Keinanen M, Westbrook CA (June 1993). "Cytogenetic and molecular delineation of the smallest commonly deleted region of chromosome 5 in malignant myeloid diseases". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 90 (12): 5484–8. Bibcode:1993PNAS...90.5484B. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.12.5484. PMC 46745. PMID 8516290.
  • Demoulin JB, Uyttenhove C, Van Roost E, DeLestré B, Donckers D, Van Snick J, Renauld JC (September 1996). "A single tyrosine of the interleukin-9 (IL-9) receptor is required for STAT activation, antiapoptotic activity, and growth regulation by IL-9". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 16 (9): 4710–6. doi:10.1128/mcb.16.9.4710. PMC 231471. PMID 8756628.
  • Nicolaides NC, Holroyd KJ, Ewart SL, Eleff SM, Kiser MB, Dragwa CR, Sullivan CD, Grasso L, Zhang LY, Messler CJ, Zhou T, Kleeberger SR, Buetow KH, Levitt RC (November 1997). "Interleukin 9: a candidate gene for asthma". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 94 (24): 13175–80. Bibcode:1997PNAS...9413175N. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.24.13175. PMC 24282. PMID 9371819.
  • Demoulin JB, Van Roost E, Stevens M, Groner B, Renauld JC (September 1999). "Distinct roles for STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 in differentiation gene induction and apoptosis inhibition by interleukin-9". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (36): 25855–61. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.36.25855. PMID 10464327.
  • Lejeune D, Demoulin JB, Renauld JC (January 2001). "Interleukin 9 induces expression of three cytokine signal inhibitors: cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein, suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS)-2 and SOCS-3, but only SOCS-3 overexpression suppresses interleukin 9 signalling". The Biochemical Journal. 353 (Pt 1): 109–116. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3530109. PMC 1221548. PMID 11115404.
  • Little FF, Cruikshank WW, Center DM (September 2001). "Il-9 stimulates release of chemotactic factors from human bronchial epithelial cells". American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. 25 (3): 347–52. doi:10.1165/ajrcmb.25.3.4349. PMID 11588013.
  • Toda M, Tulic MK, Levitt RC, Hamid Q (February 2002). "A calcium-activated chloride channel (HCLCA1) is strongly related to IL-9 expression and mucus production in bronchial epithelium of patients with asthma". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 109 (2): 246–50. doi:10.1067/mai.2002.121555. PMID 11842292.
  • Pilette C, Ouadrhiri Y, Van Snick J, Renauld JC, Staquet P, Vaerman JP, Sibille Y (April 2002). "IL-9 inhibits oxidative burst and TNF-alpha release in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytes through TGF-beta". Journal of Immunology. 168 (8): 4103–11. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.168.8.4103. PMID 11937570.

January 01, 1970
interleukin, also, known, pleiotropic, cytokine, cell, signalling, molecule, belonging, group, interleukins, produced, variety, cells, like, mast, cells, cells, th17, treg, ilc2, cells, different, amounts, among, them, cells, regarded, major, cells, that, prod. Interleukin 9 also known as IL 9 is a pleiotropic cytokine cell signalling molecule belonging to the group of interleukins 5 IL 9 is produced by variety of cells like mast cells NKT cells Th2 Th17 Treg ILC2 and Th9 cells in different amounts Among them Th9 cells are regarded as the major CD4 T cells that produce IL 9 6 IL9IdentifiersAliasesIL9 HP40 IL 9 P40 interleukin 9External IDsOMIM 146931 MGI 96563 HomoloGene 492 GeneCards IL9Gene location Human Chr Chromosome 5 human 1 Band5q31 1Start135 892 246 bp 1 End135 895 841 bp 1 Gene location Mouse Chr Chromosome 13 mouse 2 Band13 B1 13 30 06 cMStart56 627 090 bp 2 End56 630 059 bp 2 RNA expression patternBgeeHumanMouse ortholog Top expressed intibial nervesural nerveamygdalacaudate nucleusBrodmann area 9substantia nigraputamencingulate gyrushippocampus properhypothalamusTop expressed inentorhinal cortexinferior colliculusspermatocyteuterusgonadmale reproductive systemtesticleembryoMore reference expression dataBioGPSMore reference expression dataGene ontologyMolecular functioninterleukin 9 receptor binding cytokine activity growth factor activity cytokine receptor bindingCellular componentextracellular region extracellular spaceBiological processpositive regulation of cell growth inflammatory response immune response positive regulation of cell population proliferation regulation of signaling receptor activity interleukin 9 mediated signaling pathwaySources Amigo QuickGOOrthologsSpeciesHumanMouseEntrez357816198EnsemblENSG00000145839ENSMUSG00000021538UniProtP15248P15247RefSeq mRNA NM 000590NM 008373RefSeq protein NP 000581NP 032399Location UCSC Chr 5 135 89 135 9 MbChr 13 56 63 56 63 MbPubMed search 3 4 WikidataView Edit HumanView Edit Mouse Contents 1 Functions 2 Discovery 3 Gene location 4 Protein structure 5 Production 6 IL 9 expression 7 References 8 Further readingFunctions editIl 9 is a cytokine secreted by CD4 helper cells that acts as a regulator of a variety of hematopoietic cells 7 This cytokine stimulates cell proliferation and prevents apoptosis It functions through the interleukin 9 receptor IL9R which activates different signal transducer and activator STAT proteins namely STAT1 STAT3 and STAT5 and thus connects this cytokine to various biological processes The gene encoding this cytokine has been identified as a candidate gene for asthma Genetic studies on a mouse model of asthma demonstrated that this cytokine is a determining factor in the pathogenesis of bronchial hyperresponsiveness 5 Interleukin 9 has also shown to inhibit melanoma growth in mice 8 Additionally it gives rise to the multiplication of hematologic neoplasias and also Hodgkin s lymphoma in humans but IL 9 also has antitumor properties in solid tumors for example melanoma 6 Discovery editIL 9 was first described in the late 1980s as a member of a growing number of cytokines that had pleiotropic functions in the immune system IL 9 remains an understudied cytokine even though it has been allocated with many biological functions It was first purified and characterized as a T cell and mast cell growth factor and termed as P40 based on their molecular weight or Mast cell growth enhancing activity MEA The cloning and complete amino acid sequencing of P40 disclosed that it is structurally different from other T cells growth factors So it was named IL 9 based on its biological effects on both myeloid and lymphoid cells 9 The identification and cloning was first done by Yang and colleagues as a mitogenic factor for a human megakaryoblastic leukemia The same human cDNA was isolated again by cross hybridization with the mouse IL 9 probe 10 Gene location editThe human IL 9 gene is located on the long arm of human chromosome 5 at band 5q31 32 a region which is not found in a number of patients with acquired chromosome 5q deletion syndrome 11 Protein structure editHuman IL 9 protein sequence contains 144 residues with a typical signal peptide of 18 amino acids There is also the presence of 9 cysteines in mature polypeptide and 4 N linked glycosylation sites 10 Until recently IL 9 was thought to be evolutionary related to IL 7 12 However we know now that IL 9 is closer to IL 2 and IL 15 than to IL 7 13 at both the tertiary and amino acid sequence levels Production editInterleukin 33 IL 33 induces IL 9 expression and secretion in T cells which was confirmed by the results obtained in mice by using Human in vitro system 14 Whereas the report of others confirms that TGF b is an essential factor for IL 9 induction 15 For the first time Lars Blom Britta C Poulsen Bettina M Jensen Anker Hansen and Lars K Poulsen published a journal online in 2011 Jul 6 indicating that TGF b may be important for production of IL 9 but it is not only the definite requirement for IL 9 induction since cultures with IL 33 without TGF b have noticeably increased secretion of IL 9 suggesting an important role of IL 33 even though that the effect was not found significant on the gene level 16 nbsp Interleukin 9 receptor nbsp IL 9 has different direct and indirect effects on multiple cell types that affect the development of immunity and inflammation IL 9 expression editThe analysis of IL 9 expression in different types of tumours such as Large cell anaplastic lymphoma LCAL and Hodgkin s Disease HD by Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization has showed that IL 9 is not involved as an autocrine growth factor in the pathogenesis of most B and T cell lymphomas but it may have a part in HD and LCAL autocrine growth The further investigation could be done to conclude another probability that the in vivo overexpression of IL 9 might show the unique symptoms related to eosinophilia which was recently reported for Interleukin 5 positive cases of HD 17 IL 9 was found to be the first physiological stimulus triggering BCL3 expression in T cells and mast cells by the analysis done in mouse 18 References edit a b c GRCh38 Ensembl release 89 ENSG00000145839 Ensembl May 2017 a b c GRCm38 Ensembl release 89 ENSMUSG00000021538 Ensembl May 2017 Human PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Mouse PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine a b Entrez Gene IL9 interleukin 9 a b Rojas Zuleta WG Sanchez E 2017 IL 9 Function Sources and Detection Th9 Cells Methods in Molecular Biology Vol 1585 pp 21 35 doi 10 1007 978 1 4939 6877 0 2 hdl 10161 14730 ISBN 978 1 4939 6876 3 PMID 28477184 Perumal NB Kaplan MH 2011 Regulating IL9 transcription in T helper cells Trends in Immunology 32 4 146 50 doi 10 1016 j it 2011 01 006 PMC 3070825 PMID 21371941 Purwar R Schlapbach C Xiao S Kang HS Elyaman W Jiang X Jetten AM Khoury SJ Fuhlbrigge RC Kuchroo VK Clark RA Kupper TS August 2012 Robust tumor immunity to melanoma mediated by interleukin 9 producing T cells Nature Medicine 18 8 1248 53 doi 10 1038 nm 2856 PMC 3518666 PMID 22772464 Lay summary in Scientists find molecule in immune system that could help treat dangerous skin cancer MedicalXpress July 8 2012 Goswami R Kaplan MH March 2011 A brief history of IL 9 Journal of Immunology 186 6 3283 8 doi 10 4049 jimmunol 1003049 PMC 3074408 PMID 21368237 a b Renauld JC 1995 Interleukin 9 Structural characteristics and biologic properties Cytokines Interleukins and Their Receptors Cancer Treatment and Research Vol 80 Springer Boston MA pp 287 303 doi 10 1007 978 1 4613 1241 3 11 ISBN 9781461285281 PMID 8821582 Kelleher K Bean K Clark SC Leung WY Yang Feng TL Chen JW Lin PF Luo W Yang YC 1991 Human interleukin 9 genomic sequence chromosomal location and sequences essential for its expression in human T cell leukemia virus HTLV I transformed human T cells PDF Blood 77 7 1436 41 doi 10 1182 blood V77 7 1436 1436 PMID 1901233 Boulay JL Paul WE 1993 09 01 Hematopoietin sub family classification based on size gene organization and sequence homology Current Biology 3 9 573 581 Bibcode 1993CBio 3 573B doi 10 1016 0960 9822 93 90002 6 ISSN 0960 9822 PMID 15335670 S2CID 42479456 Reche PA 2019 02 01 The tertiary structure of gc cytokines dictates receptor sharing Cytokine 116 161 168 doi 10 1016 j cyto 2019 01 007 ISSN 1096 0023 PMID 30716660 S2CID 73449371 Humphreys NE Xu D Hepworth MR Liew FY Grencis RK February 2008 IL 33 a potent inducer of adaptive immunity to intestinal nematodes Journal of Immunology 180 4 2443 9 doi 10 4049 jimmunol 180 4 2443 PMID 18250453 Beriou G Bradshaw EM Lozano E Costantino CM Hastings WD Orban T Elyaman W Khoury SJ Kuchroo VK Baecher Allan C Hafler DA July 2010 TGF beta induces IL 9 production from human Th17 cells Journal of Immunology 185 1 46 54 doi 10 4049 jimmunol 1000356 PMC 2936106 PMID 20498357 Blom L Poulsen BC Jensen BM Hansen A Poulsen LK 2011 07 06 IL 33 induces IL 9 production in human CD4 T cells and basophils PLOS ONE 6 7 e21695 Bibcode 2011PLoSO 621695B doi 10 1371 journal pone 0021695 PMC 3130774 PMID 21765905 Merz H Houssiau FA Orscheschek K Renauld JC Fliedner A Herin M Noel H Kadin M Mueller Hermelink HK Van Snick J 1991 Interleukin 9 expression in human malignant lymphomas unique association with Hodgkin s disease and large cell anaplastic lymphoma Blood 78 5 1311 7 doi 10 1182 blood V78 5 1311 1311 PMID 1908723 Richard M Louahed J Demoulin JB Renauld JC 1999 Interleukin 9 regulates NF kappaB activity through BCL3 gene induction Blood 93 12 4318 27 doi 10 1182 blood V93 12 4318 PMID 10361130 Further reading editRenauld JC Houssiau F Louahed J Vink A Van Snick J Uyttenhove C 1993 Interleukin 9 Advances in Immunology Volume 54 Vol 54 pp 79 97 doi 10 1016 S0065 2776 08 60533 7 ISBN 978 0 12 022454 8 PMID 8379467 Knoops L Renauld JC December 2004 IL 9 and its receptor from signal transduction to tumorigenesis Growth Factors 22 4 207 15 doi 10 1080 08977190410001720879 PMID 15621723 S2CID 40523692 Modi WS Pollock DD Mock BA Banner C Renauld JC Van Snick J 1991 Regional localization of the human glutaminase GLS and interleukin 9 IL9 genes by in situ hybridization Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 57 2 3 114 6 doi 10 1159 000133126 PMID 1680606 Kelleher K Bean K Clark SC Leung WY Yang Feng TL Chen JW Lin PF Luo W Yang YC April 1991 Human interleukin 9 genomic sequence chromosomal location and sequences essential for its expression in human T cell leukemia virus HTLV I transformed human T cells Blood 77 7 1436 41 doi 10 1182 blood V77 7 1436 1436 PMID 1901233 Holbrook ST Ohls RK Schibler KR Yang YC Christensen RD May 1991 Effect of interleukin 9 on clonogenic maturation and cell cycle status of fetal and adult hematopoietic progenitors Blood 77 10 2129 34 doi 10 1182 blood V77 10 2129 2129 PMID 1903074 Merz H Houssiau FA Orscheschek K Renauld JC Fliedner A Herin M Noel H Kadin M Mueller Hermelink HK Van Snick J September 1991 Interleukin 9 expression in human malignant lymphomas unique association with Hodgkin s disease and large cell anaplastic lymphoma Blood 78 5 1311 7 doi 10 1182 blood V78 5 1311 1311 PMID 1908723 Renauld JC Goethals A Houssiau F Merz H Van Roost E Van Snick J June 1990 Human P40 IL 9 Expression in activated CD4 T cells genomic organization and comparison with the mouse gene Journal of Immunology 144 11 4235 41 doi 10 4049 jimmunol 144 11 4235 PMID 1971295 S2CID 30151082 Renauld JC Goethals A Houssiau F Van Roost E Van Snick J January 1990 Cloning and expression of a cDNA for the human homolog of mouse T cell and mast cell growth factor P40 Cytokine 2 1 9 12 doi 10 1016 1043 4666 90 90037 T hdl 2078 1 11464 PMID 2129501 Yang YC Ricciardi S Ciarletta A Calvetti J Kelleher K Clark SC November 1989 Expression cloning of cDNA encoding a novel human hematopoietic growth factor human homologue of murine T cell growth factor P40 Blood 74 6 1880 4 doi 10 1182 blood V74 6 1880 1880 PMID 2508790 Yin T Keller SR Quelle FW Witthuhn BA Tsang ML Lienhard GE Ihle JN Yang YC September 1995 Interleukin 9 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 via JAK tyrosine kinases The Journal of Biological Chemistry 270 35 20497 502 doi 10 1074 jbc 270 35 20497 PMID 7544789 Postma DS Bleecker ER Amelung PJ Holroyd KJ Xu J Panhuysen CI Meyers DA Levitt RC October 1995 Genetic susceptibility to asthma bronchial hyperresponsiveness coinherited with a major gene for atopy The New England Journal of Medicine 333 14 894 900 doi 10 1056 NEJM199510053331402 PMID 7666875 Le Beau MM Espinosa R Neuman WL Stock W Roulston D Larson RA Keinanen M Westbrook CA June 1993 Cytogenetic and molecular delineation of the smallest commonly deleted region of chromosome 5 in malignant myeloid diseases Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 90 12 5484 8 Bibcode 1993PNAS 90 5484B doi 10 1073 pnas 90 12 5484 PMC 46745 PMID 8516290 Demoulin JB Uyttenhove C Van Roost E DeLestre B Donckers D Van Snick J Renauld JC September 1996 A single tyrosine of the interleukin 9 IL 9 receptor is required for STAT activation antiapoptotic activity and growth regulation by IL 9 Molecular and Cellular Biology 16 9 4710 6 doi 10 1128 mcb 16 9 4710 PMC 231471 PMID 8756628 Nicolaides NC Holroyd KJ Ewart SL Eleff SM Kiser MB Dragwa CR Sullivan CD Grasso L Zhang LY Messler CJ Zhou T Kleeberger SR Buetow KH Levitt RC November 1997 Interleukin 9 a candidate gene for asthma Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 94 24 13175 80 Bibcode 1997PNAS 9413175N doi 10 1073 pnas 94 24 13175 PMC 24282 PMID 9371819 Demoulin JB Van Roost E Stevens M Groner B Renauld JC September 1999 Distinct roles for STAT1 STAT3 and STAT5 in differentiation gene induction and apoptosis inhibition by interleukin 9 The Journal of Biological Chemistry 274 36 25855 61 doi 10 1074 jbc 274 36 25855 PMID 10464327 Lejeune D Demoulin JB Renauld JC January 2001 Interleukin 9 induces expression of three cytokine signal inhibitors cytokine inducible SH2 containing protein suppressor of cytokine signalling SOCS 2 and SOCS 3 but only SOCS 3 overexpression suppresses interleukin 9 signalling The Biochemical Journal 353 Pt 1 109 116 doi 10 1042 0264 6021 3530109 PMC 1221548 PMID 11115404 Little FF Cruikshank WW Center DM September 2001 Il 9 stimulates release of chemotactic factors from human bronchial epithelial cells American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology 25 3 347 52 doi 10 1165 ajrcmb 25 3 4349 PMID 11588013 Toda M Tulic MK Levitt RC Hamid Q February 2002 A calcium activated chloride channel HCLCA1 is strongly related to IL 9 expression and mucus production in bronchial epithelium of patients with asthma The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 109 2 246 50 doi 10 1067 mai 2002 121555 PMID 11842292 Pilette C Ouadrhiri Y Van Snick J Renauld JC Staquet P Vaerman JP Sibille Y April 2002 IL 9 inhibits oxidative burst and TNF alpha release in lipopolysaccharide stimulated human monocytes through TGF beta Journal of Immunology 168 8 4103 11 doi 10 4049 jimmunol 168 8 4103 PMID 11937570 Retrieved from 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