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Inter-Entity Boundary Line

May 05, 2024

The Inter-Entity Boundary Line (Serbo-Croatian: Međuentitetska linija razgraničenja), commonly abbreviated IEBL, is the administrative line that subdivides Bosnia and Herzegovina into two entities, Republika Srpska and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The total length of the Inter-Entity Boundary Line is 1,080 km (670 miles).

The Inter-Entity Boundary Line separates Republika Srpska and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Inter-Entity Boundary Line photographed in July 2008 near the village of Mahala between Kalesija and Osmaci.

History edit

Main article: Dayton Agreement § Territorial changes

The present political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina is based on Annex 4 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace, also known as Dayton Agreement, concluded at the Dayton Peace Conference in November 1995, and subsequently signed in Paris on December 14, 1995. A key component of this was the delineation of the Inter-Entity Boundary Line (IEBL), to which many of the tasks listed in the other Annexes referred.

In particular the IEBL affected the tasks of the Military Annexes, such as the initial and immediate "Separation of Forces", the creation of an initial "Zone of Separation", the "Transfer of Areas" between the entities and the district, and the "Removal of Forces" to "Containment Areas".

During this initial "Implementation Period", enforced by NATO-led Implementation Force or IFOR, it was required that along the IEBL a so-called 2 km "Zone of Separation" be established, which stretched toward both entities, making a zone 4 km wide in total.[1]

The IEBL mostly follows along the military front-lines as they were at the end of the Bosnian War (with some major adjustments, most notably in the western part of the country, and in-and-around Sarajevo).

The IEBL between Republika Srpska, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Brčko District is no longer controlled by the military and is not policed. "Zone of Separation" is no longer in effect. There are no border controls and crossings of any kind.

Mapping technology edit

Dayton marked the first occasion when three-dimensional satellite image technology and digital cartography was used to determine and delineate boundaries in an official treaty.[2] Due to the speed and intensity of the negotiations (especially towards the end), a series of Inter-Entity Boundary Line commissions still needed to be held over the first 6 months of the NATO-led Implementation Force (IFOR) operation to iron out the remaining details of some of the boundaries (especially within Sarajevo). Over 40 changes to the IEBL were negotiated by the parties in meetings facilitated by the Chief of Staff HQ ARRC, Major General Michael Willcocks. These were signed off by IFOR Commander Admiral Leighton W. Smith, Jr. in July 1996.

Ruling of the Constitutional Court edit

The Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina has, in its first partial decision number U 5/98, ruled on the issue whether the Constitution of the Republika Srpska can use the word "border" instead of the "boundary" in its text. The Court declared:

Provision of the Constitution of RS, referring to the "border" between the Republika Srpska and the Federation of BiH, is not in conformity with the Constitution of BiH (Article III of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina speaks of "boundary lines" between the two Entities, while Article X uses the term border in the sense of borders between states).[3]

Thus, the Constitution of the RS had to be amended, which was done with the Amendment number LXVIII, which changed the word "border" to "inter-entity line of demarcation" in the Amendment number LV on the Article 2 paragraph 2 of the Constitution of RS.

Municipalities divided by the line edit

48 out of 109 municipalities were divided into two or more segments.[1]

At the time of the creation of the Dayton Accord, Brčko was also divided between FBiH and RS. Lately, however, the city was re-consolidated as the entity-neutral Brčko District, in such a way as to connect cantons Tuzla and Posavina in FBiH and municipalities Pelagićevo, Donji Žabar, Lopare, and Bijeljina in Republika Srpska.

The IEBL boundary around Sarajevo's Dobrinja was also adjusted by an international independent arbitrator, appointed by High Representative, to solve confusion around the initial boundary that passed through buildings in that neighborhood.[4][5]

References edit

  1. ^ a b Cox, Marcus (2003). "Building Democracy from the Outside : the Dayton Agreement in Bosnia and Herzegovina". In Bastian, Sunil; Luckham, Robin (eds.). Can Democracy be Designed? : the Politics of Institutional Choice in Conflict-torn Societies. London: Zed Books Ltd. pp. 253–276 [259]. ISBN 1-84277-150-7. These were required to withdraw to their respective territories, and a demilitarized Zone of Separation was created, extending for two kilometers on either side of the IEBL and heavily patrolled by international forces.
  2. ^ Richard G. Johnson (February 25, 1999). . U.S. Institute of Peace. Archived from the original on January 10, 2007. Retrieved January 23, 2007. Digital technology had matured enough by late 1995 that Dayton marked the first significant appearance of "digital maps" in diplomatic negotiations.
  3. ^ Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, U-5/98 (Partial Decision Part 1), p. 18, Sarajevo, 29 and 30 January 2000
  4. ^ Judge issues decision in Dobrinja arbitration matter https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/112/s112p04b/t0105034b.htm
  5. ^ Arbitration Award for Dobrinja I and IV Executive Summary http://www.ohr.int/ohr_archive/arbitration-award-for-dobrinja-i-and-iv-executive-summary/

External links edit

May 05, 2024
inter, entity, boundary, line, serbo, croatian, međuentitetska, linija, razgraničenja, commonly, abbreviated, iebl, administrative, line, that, subdivides, bosnia, herzegovina, into, entities, republika, srpska, federation, bosnia, herzegovina, total, length, . The Inter Entity Boundary Line Serbo Croatian Međuentitetska linija razgranicenja commonly abbreviated IEBL is the administrative line that subdivides Bosnia and Herzegovina into two entities Republika Srpska and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina The total length of the Inter Entity Boundary Line is 1 080 km 670 miles The Inter Entity Boundary Line separates Republika Srpska and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Inter Entity Boundary Line photographed in July 2008 near the village of Mahala between Kalesija and Osmaci Contents 1 History 2 Mapping technology 3 Ruling of the Constitutional Court 4 Municipalities divided by the line 5 References 6 External linksHistory editMain article Dayton Agreement Territorial changes The present political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina is based on Annex 4 of the General Framework Agreement for Peace also known as Dayton Agreement concluded at the Dayton Peace Conference in November 1995 and subsequently signed in Paris on December 14 1995 A key component of this was the delineation of the Inter Entity Boundary Line IEBL to which many of the tasks listed in the other Annexes referred In particular the IEBL affected the tasks of the Military Annexes such as the initial and immediate Separation of Forces the creation of an initial Zone of Separation the Transfer of Areas between the entities and the district and the Removal of Forces to Containment Areas During this initial Implementation Period enforced by NATO led Implementation Force or IFOR it was required that along the IEBL a so called 2 km Zone of Separation be established which stretched toward both entities making a zone 4 km wide in total 1 The IEBL mostly follows along the military front lines as they were at the end of the Bosnian War with some major adjustments most notably in the western part of the country and in and around Sarajevo The IEBL between Republika Srpska the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Brcko District is no longer controlled by the military and is not policed Zone of Separation is no longer in effect There are no border controls and crossings of any kind Mapping technology editDayton marked the first occasion when three dimensional satellite image technology and digital cartography was used to determine and delineate boundaries in an official treaty 2 Due to the speed and intensity of the negotiations especially towards the end a series of Inter Entity Boundary Line commissions still needed to be held over the first 6 months of the NATO led Implementation Force IFOR operation to iron out the remaining details of some of the boundaries especially within Sarajevo Over 40 changes to the IEBL were negotiated by the parties in meetings facilitated by the Chief of Staff HQ ARRC Major General Michael Willcocks These were signed off by IFOR Commander Admiral Leighton W Smith Jr in July 1996 Ruling of the Constitutional Court editThe Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina has in its first partial decision number U 5 98 ruled on the issue whether the Constitution of the Republika Srpska can use the word border instead of the boundary in its text The Court declared Provision of the Constitution of RS referring to the border between the Republika Srpska and the Federation of BiH is not in conformity with the Constitution of BiH Article III of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina speaks of boundary lines between the two Entities while Article X uses the term border in the sense of borders between states 3 Thus the Constitution of the RS had to be amended which was done with the Amendment number LXVIII which changed the word border to inter entity line of demarcation in the Amendment number LV on the Article 2 paragraph 2 of the Constitution of RS Municipalities divided by the line edit48 out of 109 municipalities were divided into two or more segments 1 Municipality in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Municipality in Republika Srpska Bosanska Krupa Krupa na Uni Sanski Most Ostra Luka Kljuc Ribnik Bosanski Petrovac Petrovac Drvar Istocni Drvar Kupres FBiH Kupres RS Jajce Jezero Dobretici Knezevo Doboj South and Doboj East Doboj Gracanica and Lukavac Petrovo Gradacac Pelagicevo Orasje Donji Zabar Domaljevac Samac Samac Odzak Vukosavlje Celic Lopare Teocak Ugljevik Sapna Zvornik Kalesija Osmaci Stari Grad Istocni Stari Grad Novo Sarajevo Istocno Novo Sarajevo Ilidza Istocna Ilidza Trnovo FBiH Trnovo RS Pale Praca Pale Gorazde Novo Gorazde Foca Ustikolina Foca Mostar Istocni Mostar Stolac Berkovici Ravno Trebinje At the time of the creation of the Dayton Accord Brcko was also divided between FBiH and RS Lately however the city was re consolidated as the entity neutral Brcko District in such a way as to connect cantons Tuzla and Posavina in FBiH and municipalities Pelagicevo Donji Zabar Lopare and Bijeljina in Republika Srpska The IEBL boundary around Sarajevo s Dobrinja was also adjusted by an international independent arbitrator appointed by High Representative to solve confusion around the initial boundary that passed through buildings in that neighborhood 4 5 References edit a b Cox Marcus 2003 Building Democracy from the Outside the Dayton Agreement in Bosnia and Herzegovina In Bastian Sunil Luckham Robin eds Can Democracy be Designed the Politics of Institutional Choice in Conflict torn Societies London Zed Books Ltd pp 253 276 259 ISBN 1 84277 150 7 These were required to withdraw to their respective territories and a demilitarized Zone of Separation was created extending for two kilometers on either side of the IEBL and heavily patrolled by international forces Richard G Johnson February 25 1999 Negotiating the Dayton Peace Accords through Digital Maps U S Institute of Peace Archived from the original on January 10 2007 Retrieved January 23 2007 Digital technology had matured enough by late 1995 that Dayton marked the first significant appearance of digital maps in diplomatic negotiations Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina U 5 98 Partial Decision Part 1 p 18 Sarajevo 29 and 30 January 2000 Judge issues decision in Dobrinja arbitration matter https www nato int sfor indexinf 112 s112p04b t0105034b htm Arbitration Award for Dobrinja I and IV Executive Summary http www ohr int ohr archive arbitration award for dobrinja i and iv executive summary External links editExcerpts from Remarks by Admiral Leighton W Smith to the North Atlantic Council NATO transcript 17 July 1996 A precarious peace The Economist 22 January 1998 Bosnia a single country or an apple of discord Bosnian Institute 12 May 2006 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Inter Entity Boundary Line amp oldid 1173298780, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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