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Inoceramus

January 01, 1970

Inoceramus (Greek: translation "strong pot") is an extinct genus of fossil marine pteriomorphian bivalves that superficially resembled the related winged pearly oysters of the extant genus Pteria. They lived from the Early Jurassic to latest Cretaceous.[1][2]

Inoceramus
Temporal range: Early Jurassic-Maastrichtian
~189–66 Ma
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Bivalvia
Order: Pteriida
Family: †Inoceramidae
Genus: †Inoceramus
Sowerby, 1814
Species

See text

Taxonomy edit

The taxonomy of the inoceramids is disputed, with genera such as Platyceramus sometimes classified as subgenus within Inoceramus. Also the number of valid species in this genus is disputed.

Description edit

 
 
Halves of a gigantic specimen of I. steenstrupi 187 cm (74 in) across, found on the Nuussuaq Peninsula, Greenland
 
Weathered shell fragment of the closely related Cremnoceramus difformis, highlighting the orientation and texture of the calcite prisms of the Inoceramids.

Inoceramids had thick shells composed of "prisms" of calcite deposited perpendicular to the surface, and unweathered fossils commonly preserve the mother-of-pearl luster the shells had in life.[3] Most species have prominent growth lines which appear as raised semicircles concentric to the growing edge of the shell.[3]

In 1952, the huge specimen of Inoceramus steenstrupi 187 cm long, was found in Qilakitsoq, the Nuussuaq Peninsula, Greenland. This fossil is 83 Ma old, the Upper Santonian or Lower Campanian stage.[4] Paleontologists suggest that the giant size of some species was an adaptation for life in the murky bottom waters, with a correspondingly large gill area that would have allowed the animal to survive in oxygen-deficient waters.[3]

Selected species edit

  • †I. aequicostatus Voronetz, 1937
  • †I. albertensis McLearn, 1926
  • †I. altifluminis McLearn, 1943
  • †I. americanus Walaszczyk & Cobban, 2006
  • †I. andinus Wilckens, 1907
  • †I. anglicus Woods, 1911
  • †I. anilis Pcelinceva, 1962
  • †I. anomalus Heine, 1929
  • †I. anomiaeformis Feruglio, 1936
  • †I. apicalis Woods, 1912
  • †I. arvanus Stephenson, 1953
  • †I. bellvuensis
  • †I. biformis Tuomey, 1854
  • †I. brownei Marwick, 1953
  • †I. carsoni McCoy, 1865
  • †I. comancheanus
  • †I. constellatus Woods, 1904
  • †I. corpulentus McLearn, 1926
  • †I. coulthardi McLearn, 1926
  • †I. cuvieri Sowerby, 1814
  • †I. dakotensis
  • †I. dominguesi Maury, 1930
  • †I. dowlingi McLearn, 1931
  • †I. dunveganensis McLearn, 1926
  • †I. elburzensis Fantini, 1966
  • †I. everesti Oppel, 1862
  • †I. fibrosus Meek & Hayden, 1857
  • †I. formosulus Voronetz, 1937
  • †I. fragilis Haal & Meek, 1856
  • †I. frechi Flegel, 1905
  • †I. galoi Boehm, 1907
  • †I. gibbosus
  • †I. ginterensis Pergament, 1966
  • †I. glacierensis Walaszczyk & Cobban, 2006
  • †I. haast Hochstetter, 1863
  • †I. howelli White, 1876
  • †I. incelebratus Pergament, 1966
  • †I. inconditus Marwick, 1953
  • †I. kystatymensis Koschelkina, 1960
  • †I. lamarcki Parkinson, 1819
  • †I. lateris Rossi de Gargia & Camacho, 1965
  • †I. mesabiensis Bergquist, 1944
  • †I. morii Hayami, 1959
  • †I. multiformis Pergament, 1971
  • †I. mytiliformis Fantini, 1966
  • †I. nipponicus Nagao & Matsumoto, 1939
  • †I. perplexus
  • †I. pictus
  • †I. pontoni McLearn, 1926
  • †I. porrectus Voronetz, 1937
  • †I. prefragilis Stephenson, 1952
  • †I. proximus'' Tuomey, 1854
  • †I. pseudolucifer Afitsky, 1967
  • †I. quenstedti Pcelinceva, 1933
  • †I. robertsoni Walaszczyk & Cobban, 2006
  • †I. saskatchewanensis Warren, 1934
  • †I. selwyni McLearn, 1926
  • †I. sokolovi Walaszczyk & Cobban, 2006
  • †I. steenstrupi de Loriol, 1883
  • †I. steinmanni Wilckens, 1907
  • †I. subdepressus Meek & Hayden, 1861
  • †I. tenuirostratus Meek & Hayden, 1862
  • †I. triangularis'' Tuomey, 1854
  • †I. undabundus Meek & Hayden, 1862
  • †I. ussuriensis Voronetz, 1937

Distribution edit

 
The Western Interior Seaway that covered North America during the Cretaceous

Species of Inoceramus had a worldwide distribution during the Cretaceous and Jurassic periods (from 189.6 to 66.043 Ma).[1] Many examples are found in the Pierre Shale of the Western Interior Seaway in North America. Inoceramus can also be found abundantly in the Cretaceous Gault Clay that underlies London. Other locations for this fossil include Vancouver Island,[3] British Columbia, Colombia (Hiló Formation, Tolima and La Frontera Formation, Boyacá, Cundinamarca and Huila),[5] Spain, France, Germany, Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antarctica, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada (Alberta, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Saskatchewan, Yukon), Chile, China, Cuba, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Hungary, India, Indian Ocean, Iran, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Poland, the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Serbia and Montenegro, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, the United Kingdom, United States (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oregon, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wyoming), and Venezuela.[1]

Gallery edit

  •  
    Inoceramus from the Cretaceous of South Dakota
  •  
    Inoceramus proximus
  •  
    Inoceramus cuvieri
  •  
    Inoceramus vancouverensis
  •  
    Inoceramus hobetsensis

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Inoceramus at Fossilworks.org
  2. ^ Ward et al., "Ammonite and inoceramid bivalve extinction patterns in Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary sections of the Biscay region (southwestern France, northern Spain)", Geology, 1991
  3. ^ a b c d Ludvigsen & Beard, 1997, pp. 102–103
  4. ^ . 5 March 2020. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022.
  5. ^ Acosta & Ulloa, 2001, p. 41

Bibliography edit

  • Ludvigsen, Rolf; Beard, Graham (1997). West Coast Fossils: A Guide to the Ancient Life of Vancouver Island. Harbour Pub. pp. 102–103. ISBN 9781550171792.
  • Acosta Garay, Jorge; Ulloa Melo, Carlos E (2001). (PDF). INGEOMINAS. pp. 1–84. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 March 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017.

Further reading edit

  • Kennedy, W.J.; Kauffman, E.G.; Klinger, H.C. (1973). "Upper Cretaceous Invertebrate Faunas from Durban, South Africa". Geological Society of South Africa Transactions. 76 (2): 95–111.
  • Klinger, H.C.; Kennedy, W.J. (1980). "Upper Cretaceous ammonites and inoceramids from the off-shore Alphard Group of South Africa". South African Museum. 82 (7): 293–320.
  • Gebhardt, H. (2001). "Inoceramids, Didymotis and ammonites from the Nkalagu Formation type locakity (late Turonian to Coniacian, southern Nigeria): biostratigraphy and palaeoecologic implications". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte. 2001 (4): 193–212. doi:10.1127/njgpm/2001/2001/193.
  • El Qot, G.M. (2006). "Late Cretaceous macrofossils from Sinai, Egypt". Beringeria. 36: 3–163.
  • Wild, T. J.; Stilwell, J. D. (2016). "First Cretaceous (Albian) invertebrate fossil assemblage from Batavia Knoll, Perth Abyssal Plain, eastern Indian Ocean: taxonomy and paleoecological significance". Journal of Paleontology. 90 (5): 959–980. Bibcode:2016JPal...90..959W. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.76.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Inoceramus.
  • . Geological Survey of Alabama. Archived from the original on 16 September 2019.

January 01, 1970
inoceramus, greek, translation, strong, extinct, genus, fossil, marine, pteriomorphian, bivalves, that, superficially, resembled, related, winged, pearly, oysters, extant, genus, pteria, they, lived, from, early, jurassic, latest, cretaceous, temporal, range, . Inoceramus Greek translation strong pot is an extinct genus of fossil marine pteriomorphian bivalves that superficially resembled the related winged pearly oysters of the extant genus Pteria They lived from the Early Jurassic to latest Cretaceous 1 2 InoceramusTemporal range Early Jurassic Maastrichtian 189 66 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia Order Pteriida Family Inoceramidae Genus InoceramusSowerby 1814 Species See text Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Selected species 4 Distribution 5 Gallery 6 References 6 1 Bibliography 7 Further reading 8 External linksTaxonomy editThe taxonomy of the inoceramids is disputed with genera such as Platyceramus sometimes classified as subgenus within Inoceramus Also the number of valid species in this genus is disputed Description edit nbsp nbsp Halves of a gigantic specimen of I steenstrupi 187 cm 74 in across found on the Nuussuaq Peninsula Greenland nbsp Weathered shell fragment of the closely related Cremnoceramus difformis highlighting the orientation and texture of the calcite prisms of the Inoceramids Inoceramids had thick shells composed of prisms of calcite deposited perpendicular to the surface and unweathered fossils commonly preserve the mother of pearl luster the shells had in life 3 Most species have prominent growth lines which appear as raised semicircles concentric to the growing edge of the shell 3 In 1952 the huge specimen of Inoceramus steenstrupi 187 cm long was found in Qilakitsoq the Nuussuaq Peninsula Greenland This fossil is 83 Ma old the Upper Santonian or Lower Campanian stage 4 Paleontologists suggest that the giant size of some species was an adaptation for life in the murky bottom waters with a correspondingly large gill area that would have allowed the animal to survive in oxygen deficient waters 3 Selected species edit I aequicostatus Voronetz 1937 I albertensis McLearn 1926 I altifluminis McLearn 1943 I americanus Walaszczyk amp Cobban 2006 I andinus Wilckens 1907 I anglicus Woods 1911 I anilis Pcelinceva 1962 I anomalus Heine 1929 I anomiaeformis Feruglio 1936 I apicalis Woods 1912 I arvanus Stephenson 1953 I bellvuensis I biformis Tuomey 1854 I brownei Marwick 1953 I carsoni McCoy 1865 I comancheanus I constellatus Woods 1904 I corpulentus McLearn 1926 I coulthardi McLearn 1926 I cuvieri Sowerby 1814 I dakotensis I dominguesi Maury 1930 I dowlingi McLearn 1931 I dunveganensis McLearn 1926 I elburzensis Fantini 1966 I everesti Oppel 1862 I fibrosus Meek amp Hayden 1857 I formosulus Voronetz 1937 I fragilis Haal amp Meek 1856 I frechi Flegel 1905 I galoi Boehm 1907 I gibbosus I ginterensis Pergament 1966 I glacierensis Walaszczyk amp Cobban 2006 I haast Hochstetter 1863 I howelli White 1876 I incelebratus Pergament 1966 I inconditus Marwick 1953 I kystatymensis Koschelkina 1960 I lamarcki Parkinson 1819 I lateris Rossi de Gargia amp Camacho 1965 I mesabiensis Bergquist 1944 I morii Hayami 1959 I multiformis Pergament 1971 I mytiliformis Fantini 1966 I nipponicus Nagao amp Matsumoto 1939 I perplexus I pictus I pontoni McLearn 1926 I porrectus Voronetz 1937 I prefragilis Stephenson 1952 I proximus Tuomey 1854 I pseudolucifer Afitsky 1967 I quenstedti Pcelinceva 1933 I robertsoni Walaszczyk amp Cobban 2006 I saskatchewanensis Warren 1934 I selwyni McLearn 1926 I sokolovi Walaszczyk amp Cobban 2006 I steenstrupi de Loriol 1883 I steinmanni Wilckens 1907 I subdepressus Meek amp Hayden 1861 I tenuirostratus Meek amp Hayden 1862 I triangularis Tuomey 1854 I undabundus Meek amp Hayden 1862 I ussuriensis Voronetz 1937Distribution edit nbsp The Western Interior Seaway that covered North America during the Cretaceous Species of Inoceramus had a worldwide distribution during the Cretaceous and Jurassic periods from 189 6 to 66 043 Ma 1 Many examples are found in the Pierre Shale of the Western Interior Seaway in North America Inoceramus can also be found abundantly in the Cretaceous Gault Clay that underlies London Other locations for this fossil include Vancouver Island 3 British Columbia Colombia Hilo Formation Tolima and La Frontera Formation Boyaca Cundinamarca and Huila 5 Spain France Germany Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Antarctica Argentina Australia Austria Brazil Bulgaria Canada Alberta Northwest Territories Nunavut Saskatchewan Yukon Chile China Cuba the Czech Republic Denmark Ecuador Egypt Hungary India Indian Ocean Iran Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kenya Libya Madagascar Mexico Morocco Mozambique Nepal New Caledonia New Zealand Nigeria Papua New Guinea Peru Poland the Russian Federation Saudi Arabia Serbia and Montenegro South Africa Sweden Switzerland Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan the United Kingdom United States Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Delaware Idaho Iowa Kansas Maryland Minnesota Mississippi Montana Nebraska New Jersey New Mexico North Carolina North Dakota Oregon South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Washington Wyoming and Venezuela 1 Gallery edit nbsp Inoceramus from the Cretaceous of South Dakota nbsp Inoceramus proximus nbsp Inoceramus cuvieri nbsp Inoceramus vancouverensis nbsp Inoceramus hobetsensisReferences edit a b c Inoceramus at Fossilworks org Ward et al Ammonite and inoceramid bivalve extinction patterns in Cretaceous Tertiary boundary sections of the Biscay region southwestern France northern Spain Geology 1991 a b c d Ludvigsen amp Beard 1997 pp 102 103 Verdens storste musling 5 March 2020 Archived from the original on 18 August 2022 Acosta amp Ulloa 2001 p 41 Bibliography edit Ludvigsen Rolf Beard Graham 1997 West Coast Fossils A Guide to the Ancient Life of Vancouver Island Harbour Pub pp 102 103 ISBN 9781550171792 Acosta Garay Jorge Ulloa Melo Carlos E 2001 Geologia de la Plancha 208 Villeta 1 100 000 PDF INGEOMINAS pp 1 84 Archived from the original PDF on 24 March 2017 Retrieved 4 April 2017 Further reading edit nbsp Paleontology portal Kennedy W J Kauffman E G Klinger H C 1973 Upper Cretaceous Invertebrate Faunas from Durban South Africa Geological Society of South Africa Transactions 76 2 95 111 Klinger H C Kennedy W J 1980 Upper Cretaceous ammonites and inoceramids from the off shore Alphard Group of South Africa South African Museum 82 7 293 320 Gebhardt H 2001 Inoceramids Didymotis and ammonites from the Nkalagu Formation type locakity late Turonian to Coniacian southern Nigeria biostratigraphy and palaeoecologic implications Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie Monatshefte 2001 4 193 212 doi 10 1127 njgpm 2001 2001 193 El Qot G M 2006 Late Cretaceous macrofossils from Sinai Egypt Beringeria 36 3 163 Wild T J Stilwell J D 2016 First Cretaceous Albian invertebrate fossil assemblage from Batavia Knoll Perth Abyssal Plain eastern Indian Ocean taxonomy and paleoecological significance Journal of Paleontology 90 5 959 980 Bibcode 2016JPal 90 959W doi 10 1017 jpa 2016 76 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Inoceramus Upper Cretaceous Bivalvia of Alabama Geological Survey of Alabama Archived from the original on 16 September 2019 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Inoceramus amp oldid 1220745620, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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