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Wikipedia

Information engineering

August 23, 2023

Information engineering is the engineering discipline that deals with the generation, distribution, analysis, and use of information, data, and knowledge in systems.[1][2][3][4][5] The field first became identifiable in the early 21st century.

Object detection for a stop sign

The components of information engineering include more theoretical fields such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, control theory, signal processing, and information theory, and more applied fields such as computer vision, natural language processing, bioinformatics, medical image computing, cheminformatics, autonomous robotics, mobile robotics, and telecommunications.[1][2][5][6][7] Many of these originate from computer science, as well as other branches of engineering such as computer engineering, electrical engineering, and bioengineering.

An example of clustering in machine learning

The field of information engineering is based heavily on mathematics, particularly probability, statistics, calculus, linear algebra, optimization, differential equations, variational calculus, and complex analysis.

Information engineers often[citation needed] hold a degree in information engineering or a related area, and are often part of a professional body such as the Institution of Engineering and Technology or Institute of Measurement and Control.[8][9][10] They are employed in almost all industries due to the widespread use of information engineering.

History

In the 1980s/1990s term information engineering referred to an area of software engineering which has come to be known as data engineering in the 2010s/2020s.[11]

Elements

Machine learning and statistics

Main article: Machine learning

Machine learning is the field that involves the use of statistical and probabilistic methods to let computers "learn" from data without being explicitly programmed.[12] Data science involves the application of machine learning to extract knowledge from data.

Subfields of machine learning include deep learning, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, semi-supervised learning, and active learning.

Causal inference is another related component of information engineering.

Control theory

Main article: Control theory

Control theory refers to the control of (continuous) dynamical systems, with the aim being to avoid delays, overshoots, or instability.[13] Information engineers tend to focus more on control theory rather than the physical design of control systems and circuits (which tends to fall under electrical engineering).

Subfields of control theory include classical control, optimal control, and nonlinear control.

Signal processing

Main article: Signal processing

Signal processing refers to the generation, analysis and use of signals, which could take many forms such as image, sound, electrical, or biological.[14]

 
An example of how the 2D Fourier transform can be used to remove unwanted information from an X-ray scan.

Information theory

Main article: Information theory

Information theory studies the analysis, transmission, and storage of information. Major subfields of information theory include coding and data compression.[15]

Computer vision

Main article: Computer vision

Computer vision is the field that deals with getting computers to understand image and video data at a high level.[16]

Natural language processing

Main article: Natural language processing

Natural language processing deals with getting computers to understand human (natural) languages at a high level. This usually means text, but also often includes speech processing and recognition.[17]

Bioinformatics

Main article: Bioinformatics

Bioinformatics is the field that deals with the analysis, Sucking, and use of biological data.[18] This usually means topics such as genomics and proteomics, and sometimes also includes medical image computing.

Cheminformatics

Main article: Cheminformatics

Cheminformatics is the field that deals with the analysis, processing, and use of chemical data.[19]

Robotics

Main article: Robotics

Robotics in information engineering focuses mainly on the algorithms and computer programs used to control robots. As such, information engineering tends to focus more on autonomous, mobile, or probabilistic robots.[20][21][22] Major subfields studied by information engineers include control, perception, SLAM, and motion planning.[20][21]

Tools

In the past some areas in information engineering such as signal processing used analog electronics, but nowadays most information engineering is done with digital computers. Many tasks in information engineering can be parallelized, and so nowadays information engineering is carried out using CPUs, GPUs, and AI accelerators.[23][24] There has also been interest in using quantum computers for some subfields of information engineering such as machine learning and robotics.[25][26][27]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "2009 lecture | Past Lectures | BCS/IET Turing lecture | Events | BCS – The Chartered Institute for IT". www.bcs.org. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  2. ^ a b Brady, Michael (2009). "Information Engineering & its future". Institution of Engineering and Technology, Turing Lecture. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
  3. ^ Roberts, Stephen. "Introduction to Information Engineering" (PDF). Oxford Information Engineering. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
  4. ^ "Department of Information Engineering, CUHK". www.ie.cuhk.edu.hk. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  5. ^ a b "Information Engineering | Department of Engineering". www.eng.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  6. ^ "Information Engineering Main/Home Page". www.robots.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  7. ^ "Information Engineering". warwick.ac.uk. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  8. ^ . www.theiet.org. Archived from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  9. ^ "Electronic and Information Engineering – Imperial College London". Times Higher Education (THE). Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  10. ^ "Accreditation of the MEng | CUED undergraduate teaching". teaching.eng.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  11. ^ Black, Nathan (15 January 2020). "What is Data Engineering and Why Is It So Important?". QuantHub. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  12. ^ Bishop, Christopher (2007). Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning. New York: Springer-Verlag New York Inc. ISBN 978-0387310732.
  13. ^ Nise, Norman (2015). Control Systems Engineering. Wiley. ISBN 978-1118170519.
  14. ^ Lyons, Richard (2010). Understanding Digital Signal Processing. Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0137027415.
  15. ^ Cover, Thomas (2006). Elements of Information Theory. Wiley-Interscience. ISBN 978-0471241959.
  16. ^ Davies, Emlyn (2017). Computer Vision: Principles, Algorithms, Applications, Learning. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0128092842.
  17. ^ Jurafsky, Daniel (2008). Speech and Language Processing. Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0131873216.
  18. ^ Lesk, Arthur (2014). Introduction to Bioinformatics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199651566.
  19. ^ Leach, Andrew (2007). An Introduction to Chemoinformatics. Springer. ISBN 978-1402062902.
  20. ^ a b Siegwart, Roland (2011). Introduction to Autonomous Mobile Robots. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0262015356.
  21. ^ a b Kelly, Alonzo (2013). Mobile Robotics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1107031159.
  22. ^ Thrun, Sebastian (2005). Probabilistic Robotics. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0262201629.
  23. ^ Barker, Colin. "How the GPU became the heart of AI and machine learning | ZDNet". ZDNet. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  24. ^ Kobielus, James. "Powering artificial intelligence: The explosion of new AI hardware accelerators". InfoWorld. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  25. ^ Wittek, Peter (2014). Quantum Machine Learning. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0128100400.
  26. ^ Schuld, Maria (2018). Supervised Learning with Quantum Computers. Springer. ISBN 978-3319964232.
  27. ^ Tandon, Prateek (2017). Quantum Robotics. Morgan & Claypool Publishers. ISBN 978-1627059138.

August 23, 2023
information, engineering, engineering, discipline, that, deals, with, generation, distribution, analysis, information, data, knowledge, systems, field, first, became, identifiable, early, 21st, century, object, detection, stop, signthe, components, information. Information engineering is the engineering discipline that deals with the generation distribution analysis and use of information data and knowledge in systems 1 2 3 4 5 The field first became identifiable in the early 21st century Object detection for a stop signThe components of information engineering include more theoretical fields such as machine learning artificial intelligence control theory signal processing and information theory and more applied fields such as computer vision natural language processing bioinformatics medical image computing cheminformatics autonomous robotics mobile robotics and telecommunications 1 2 5 6 7 Many of these originate from computer science as well as other branches of engineering such as computer engineering electrical engineering and bioengineering An example of clustering in machine learningThe field of information engineering is based heavily on mathematics particularly probability statistics calculus linear algebra optimization differential equations variational calculus and complex analysis Information engineers often citation needed hold a degree in information engineering or a related area and are often part of a professional body such as the Institution of Engineering and Technology or Institute of Measurement and Control 8 9 10 They are employed in almost all industries due to the widespread use of information engineering Contents 1 History 2 Elements 2 1 Machine learning and statistics 2 2 Control theory 2 3 Signal processing 2 4 Information theory 2 5 Computer vision 2 6 Natural language processing 2 7 Bioinformatics 2 8 Cheminformatics 2 9 Robotics 3 Tools 4 See also 5 ReferencesHistory EditIn the 1980s 1990s term information engineering referred to an area of software engineering which has come to be known as data engineering in the 2010s 2020s 11 Elements EditMachine learning and statistics Edit Main article Machine learning Machine learning is the field that involves the use of statistical and probabilistic methods to let computers learn from data without being explicitly programmed 12 Data science involves the application of machine learning to extract knowledge from data Subfields of machine learning include deep learning supervised learning unsupervised learning reinforcement learning semi supervised learning and active learning Causal inference is another related component of information engineering Control theory Edit Main article Control theory Control theory refers to the control of continuous dynamical systems with the aim being to avoid delays overshoots or instability 13 Information engineers tend to focus more on control theory rather than the physical design of control systems and circuits which tends to fall under electrical engineering Subfields of control theory include classical control optimal control and nonlinear control Signal processing Edit Main article Signal processing Signal processing refers to the generation analysis and use of signals which could take many forms such as image sound electrical or biological 14 An example of how the 2D Fourier transform can be used to remove unwanted information from an X ray scan Information theory Edit Main article Information theory Information theory studies the analysis transmission and storage of information Major subfields of information theory include coding and data compression 15 Computer vision Edit Main article Computer vision Computer vision is the field that deals with getting computers to understand image and video data at a high level 16 Natural language processing Edit Main article Natural language processing Natural language processing deals with getting computers to understand human natural languages at a high level This usually means text but also often includes speech processing and recognition 17 Bioinformatics Edit Main article Bioinformatics Bioinformatics is the field that deals with the analysis Sucking and use of biological data 18 This usually means topics such as genomics and proteomics and sometimes also includes medical image computing Cheminformatics Edit Main article Cheminformatics Cheminformatics is the field that deals with the analysis processing and use of chemical data 19 Robotics Edit Main article Robotics Robotics in information engineering focuses mainly on the algorithms and computer programs used to control robots As such information engineering tends to focus more on autonomous mobile or probabilistic robots 20 21 22 Major subfields studied by information engineers include control perception SLAM and motion planning 20 21 Tools EditIn the past some areas in information engineering such as signal processing used analog electronics but nowadays most information engineering is done with digital computers Many tasks in information engineering can be parallelized and so nowadays information engineering is carried out using CPUs GPUs and AI accelerators 23 24 There has also been interest in using quantum computers for some subfields of information engineering such as machine learning and robotics 25 26 27 See also EditAerospace engineering Chemical engineering Civil engineering Engineering informatics Internet of things List of engineering branches Mechanical engineering StatisticsReferences Edit a b 2009 lecture Past Lectures BCS IET Turing lecture Events BCS The Chartered Institute for IT www bcs org Retrieved 11 October 2018 a b Brady Michael 2009 Information Engineering amp its future Institution of Engineering and Technology Turing Lecture Retrieved 4 October 2018 Roberts Stephen Introduction to Information Engineering PDF Oxford Information Engineering Retrieved 4 October 2018 Department of Information Engineering CUHK www ie cuhk edu hk Retrieved 3 October 2018 a b Information Engineering Department of Engineering www eng cam ac uk Retrieved 3 October 2018 Information Engineering Main Home Page www robots ox ac uk Retrieved 3 October 2018 Information Engineering warwick ac uk Retrieved 3 October 2018 Academic Partners and Affiliates 2017 2018 The IET www theiet org Archived from the original on 4 October 2018 Retrieved 3 October 2018 Electronic and Information Engineering Imperial College London Times Higher Education THE Retrieved 3 October 2018 Accreditation of the MEng CUED undergraduate teaching teaching eng cam ac uk Retrieved 3 October 2018 Black Nathan 15 January 2020 What is Data Engineering and Why Is It So Important QuantHub Retrieved 31 July 2022 Bishop Christopher 2007 Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning New York Springer Verlag New York Inc ISBN 978 0387310732 Nise Norman 2015 Control Systems Engineering Wiley ISBN 978 1118170519 Lyons Richard 2010 Understanding Digital Signal Processing Prentice Hall ISBN 978 0137027415 Cover Thomas 2006 Elements of Information Theory Wiley Interscience ISBN 978 0471241959 Davies Emlyn 2017 Computer Vision Principles Algorithms Applications Learning Academic Press ISBN 978 0128092842 Jurafsky Daniel 2008 Speech and Language Processing Prentice Hall ISBN 978 0131873216 Lesk Arthur 2014 Introduction to Bioinformatics Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0199651566 Leach Andrew 2007 An Introduction to Chemoinformatics Springer ISBN 978 1402062902 a b Siegwart Roland 2011 Introduction to Autonomous Mobile Robots MIT Press ISBN 978 0262015356 a b Kelly Alonzo 2013 Mobile Robotics Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 1107031159 Thrun Sebastian 2005 Probabilistic Robotics MIT Press ISBN 978 0262201629 Barker Colin How the GPU became the heart of AI and machine learning ZDNet ZDNet Retrieved 3 October 2018 Kobielus James Powering artificial intelligence The explosion of new AI hardware accelerators InfoWorld Retrieved 3 October 2018 Wittek Peter 2014 Quantum Machine Learning Academic Press ISBN 978 0128100400 Schuld Maria 2018 Supervised Learning with Quantum Computers Springer ISBN 978 3319964232 Tandon Prateek 2017 Quantum Robotics Morgan amp Claypool Publishers ISBN 978 1627059138 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Information engineering amp oldid 1171741684, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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