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Information Sciences Institute

January 20, 2023

The USC Information Sciences Institute (ISI) is a component of the University of Southern California (USC) Viterbi School of Engineering, and specializes in research and development in information processing, computing, and communications technologies. It is located in Marina del Rey, California.[1]

ISI headquarters in Marina del Rey, CA

ISI actively participated in the information revolution, and it played a leading role in developing and managing the early Internet and its predecessor ARPAnet.[2][3][4] The Institute conducts basic and applied research supported by more than 20 U.S. government agencies involved in defense, science, health, homeland security, energy and other areas. Annual funding is about $100 million.[5]

ISI employs about 400 research scientists, research programmers, graduate students and administrative staff at its Marina del Rey, California headquarters, in Arlington, Virginia, and in Boston, Massachusetts. About half of the research staff hold PhD degrees, and about 40 are research faculty who teach at USC and advise graduate students.[5] Several senior researchers are tenured USC faculty in the Viterbi School.

Research and sponsors

ISI research spans artificial intelligence (AI), cybersecurity,[6] grid computing,[7] cloud computing, quantum computing, microelectronics,[8][9] supercomputing, nano-satellites and many other areas. AI expertise includes natural language processing, in which ISI has an international reputation,[10][11][12] reconfigurable robotics,[13] information integration, motion analysis[14][15] and social media analysis. Hardware/software expertise includes cyber-physical system security, data mining, reconfigurable computing and cloud computing. In networking, ISI explores Internet resilience, Internet traffic analysis and photonics, among other areas.[16][17] Researchers also work in scientific data management, wireless technologies, biomimetics and electrical smart grid, in which ISI is advising the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power on a major demonstration project.[18] Another current initiative involves big data brain imaging jointly with the Keck School of Medicine of USC.[19]

Federal agency sponsors include the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Education, Department of Energy, Department of Homeland Security, National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, and other scientific, technical, and defense-related agencies.

Corporate partners include Chevron Corp. in the Center for Interactive Smart Oilfield Technologies (CiSoft), Lockheed Martin Company in the USC-Lockheed Martin Quantum Computing Center, and Parsons Corp. subsidiary Sparta Inc. in the , a cybersecurity research initiative and international testbed. ISI also has partnered with businesses including IBM Corporation, Samsung Electronics Company, the Raytheon Company, GlobalFoundries Inc., Northrop Grumman Corporation and Carl Zeiss AG, and currently is working with , Altera Corporation and Fujitsu Ltd.

ISI also operates the Metal Oxide Semiconductor Implementation Service (MOSIS), a multi-project electronic circuit wafer service that has prototyped more than 60,000 chips since 1981. MOSIS provides design tools and pools circuit designs to produce specialty and low-volume chips for corporations, universities and other research entities worldwide. The Institute also has given rise to several startup and spinoff companies in grid software, geospatial information fusion, machine translation, data integration and other technologies.

History

ISI was founded by Keith Uncapher, who headed the computer research group at RAND Corporation in the 1960s and early 1970s.[20][21] Uncapher decided to leave RAND after his group's funding was cut in 1971. He approached the University of California at Los Angeles about creating an off-campus technology institute, but was told that a decision would take 15 months. He then presented the concept to USC, which approved the proposal in five days.[2] ISI was launched with three employees in 1972. Its first proposal was funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in 30 days for $6 million.[22]

ISI became one of the earliest nodes on ARPANET,[23] the predecessor to the Internet, and in 1977 figured prominently in a demonstration of its international viability.[24] ISI also helped refine the TCP/IP communications protocols fundamental to Net operations,[3] and researcher Paul Mockapetris developed the now-familiar Domain Name System characterized by .com, .org, .net, .gov, and .edu[25] on which the Net still operates. (The names .com, .org et al. were invented at SRI International, an ongoing collaborator.) Steve Crocker originated the Request for Comments (RFC) series, the written record of the network's technical structure and operation that both documented and shaped the emerging Internet.[26] Another ISI researcher, Danny Cohen, became first to implement packet voice and packet video over ARPANET, demonstrating the viability of packet switching for real-time applications.[27]

Jonathan Postel collaborated in development of TCP/IP, DNS and the SMTP protocol that supports email.[28] He also edited the RFC for nearly three decades until his sudden death in 1998, when ISI colleagues assumed responsibility. The Institute retained that role until 2009. Postel simultaneously directed the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) and its predecessor, which assign Internet addresses. IANA was administered from ISI until a nonprofit organization, ICANN, was created for that purpose in 1998.[29]

Other achievements

Some of the first Net security applications, and one of the world's first portable computers, also originated at ISI.[30]

ISI researchers also created or co-created the:

In 2011, several ISI natural language experts advised the IBM team that created Watson, the computer that became the first machine to win against human competitors on the Jeopardy! TV show.[35][36] In 2012, ISI's Kevin Knight spearheaded a successful drive to crack the Copiale cipher, a lengthy encrypted manuscript that had remained unreadable for 250 years.[37] Also in 2012, the USC-Lockheed Martin Quantum Computing Center (QCC) became the first organization to operate a quantum annealing system outside of its manufacturer, D-Wave Systems, Inc.[38] USC, ISI and Lockheed Martin now are performing basic and applied research into quantum computing.[39] A second quantum annealing system is located at NASA Ames Research Center, and is operated jointly by NASA and Google.[40]

The USC Andrew and Erna Viterbi School of Engineering was ranked among the nation's top 10 engineering graduate schools by US News & World Report in 2015.[1][41] Including ISI, USC is ranked first nationally in federal computer science research and development expenditures.[2]

Organizational structure

ISI is organized into seven divisions focused on differing areas of research expertise:[5]

  • Advanced Electronics: MOSIS shared-services integrated circuit research and fabrication, CMOS and post-CMOS concepts, and biomimetics
  • Computational Systems and Technology: quantum computing; supercomputing; cloud, wireless, reconfigurable and multicore computing; microarchitecture and electronics; science automation technologies; social networks and space systems
  • Informatics Systems Research: grid computing, information security, service-oriented architectures, imaging and medical informatics that aim to transform healthcare discovery processes, practice and delivery.
  • Artificial Intelligence: artificial intelligence in natural language, machine translation, information integration, education, robotics and other disciplines.
  • Networking and Cybersecurity: internet security research and international testbed, internet measurement and monitoring approaches, and sensor networks that emphasize both networking theory and practice.
  • Space Technology and Systems: space research and hands-on involvement for students through the Space Engineering Research Center, operated jointly by ISI and USC.
  • Vision, Image, Speech and Text Analytics: ISI's Center for Vision, Image, Speech and Text Analytics (VISTA) is an internationally recognized leader in areas such as multimedia signal processing, computer vision, and natural language analysis.

Smaller, specialized research groups operate within almost all divisions.

ISI is led by Executive Director Craig Knoblock, the previous director to the AI division.

References

  1. ^ a b "USC Viterbi School of Engineering". USC Viterbi - School of Engineering. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  2. ^ a b c Bekey, George A. "A Remarkable Trajectory: From Humble Beginnings to Global Prominence, The history of the USC Viterbi School of Engineering." Charleston: CreateSpace, 2015. Print.
  3. ^ a b . Archived from the original on 2012-04-03.
  4. ^ "Internet pioneers gather in Marina del Rey to honor USC's Information Sciences Institute". Latimesblogs.latimes.com. 26 March 2010. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  5. ^ a b c "About ISI". Isi.edu. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  6. ^ Hamedy, Saba (2014-12-02). "Sony execs' salaries, employee SSNs allegedly leaked in breach". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  7. ^ Krill, Paul (2003-05-23). "2003 InfoWorld Innovators: Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, and Steve Tuecke". Infoworld.com. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  8. ^ "Advancing DoD's Ability to Test Critical Microelectronics". Science.dodlive.mil. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  9. ^ "Stopping Hardware Trojans in Their Tracks". Spectrum.ieee.org. 20 January 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  10. ^ "ACL Member Portal - The Association for Computational Linguistics Member Portal". Aclweb.org. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  11. ^ Markoff, John (2011-10-24). "How 18th-Century Copiale Cipher Was Cracked". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  12. ^ Hobbs, Jerryr (2013-09-30). "Influences and Inferences". Computational Linguistics. 39 (4): 781–798. doi:10.1162/coli_a_00171. S2CID 11237614.
  13. ^ "How Tiny 'SuperBots' Will Create Cheap, Modular Satellites". Pcmag.com. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  14. ^ Bolch, Ben (2013-10-27). "Stat-conscious NBA switches to the (advanced) metric system". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  15. ^ "New Players In The NBA: Big Data, User-Controlled Jumbotrons". Npr.org. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  16. ^ "Information Sciences Institute". Isi.edu. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  17. ^ "Page Not Found - Los Angeles Times". Isi.edu. Retrieved 13 August 2018. {{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)
  18. ^ Radio, Southern California Public (1 July 2014). "LADWP flips the switch on 52,000 'smart meters'". Scpr.org. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  19. ^ Gordon, Larry; Brown, Eryn (18 May 2013). . Articles.latimes.com. Archived from the original on 17 May 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  20. ^ Hafner, Katie (2002-10-16). "Keith W. Uncapher, Networking Pioneer, 80". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  21. ^ Menn, Joseph (12 October 2002). "Keith Uncapher, 80; Founder of USC Science Institute, Computer Pioneer". Articles.latimes.com. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  22. ^ W., Uncapher, Keith (10 July 1989). "Oral history interview with Keith W. Uncapher". Conservancy.umn.edu. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  23. ^ "Iterations: An interdisciplinary journal of software history". Cbi.umn.edu. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  24. ^ "Internet History of 1970s - Internet History - Computer History Museum". Computerhistory.org. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  25. ^ "Paul Mockapetris - Internet Hall of Fame". internethalloffame.org. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  26. ^ "Steve Crocker - Internet Hall of Fame". internethalloffame.org. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  27. ^ "Danny Cohen - Internet Hall of Fame". internethalloffame.org. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  28. ^ "Jon Postel - Internet Hall of Fame". Internethalloffame.org. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  29. ^ "SAC067 : Overview and History of the IANA Functions" (PDF). Icann.org. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  30. ^ . Isi.edu. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  31. ^ Waldrop, M. Mitchell. "Grid Computing". Technologyreview.com. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  32. ^ "Calit2 : Foster & Kesselman Awarded Lovelace Medal for Grid Leadership". Calit2.net. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  33. ^ (PDF). www.cs.sandia.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  34. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-09. Retrieved 2015-06-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  35. ^ "USC - Viterbi School of Engineering - Viterbi School Computer Scientists Contributed to the Development of IBM Watson". viterbi.usc.edu. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  36. ^ "IBM's Watson on 'Jeopardy': Computer takes big lead over humans in Round 2 [Updated, with video]". Latimesblogs.latimes.com. 15 February 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  37. ^ Shachtman, Noah (2012-11-16). "They Cracked This 250-Year-Old Code, and Found a Secret Society Inside". Wired. Vol. 20, no. 12. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  38. ^ . Archived from the original on 2016-06-19. Retrieved 2017-03-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  39. ^ "Can quantum computing change the world? This start-up is betting on it". Washington Post. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  40. ^ Jones, Nicola (16 May 2013). "Google and NASA snap up quantum computer". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2013.12999. S2CID 57405432. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  41. ^ . Archived from the original on 2012-11-18. Retrieved 2012-10-24.

External links

  • Official USC Information Sciences Institute (ISI) website 2015-06-02 at the Wayback Machine
  • Official USC Viterbi School of Engineering website
  • Youtube.com
  • Dwavesys.com

Coordinates: 33°58′49″N 118°26′24″W / 33.9802°N 118.440031°W / 33.9802; -118.440031

January 20, 2023
information, sciences, institute, component, university, southern, california, viterbi, school, engineering, specializes, research, development, information, processing, computing, communications, technologies, located, marina, california, headquarters, marina. The USC Information Sciences Institute ISI is a component of the University of Southern California USC Viterbi School of Engineering and specializes in research and development in information processing computing and communications technologies It is located in Marina del Rey California 1 ISI headquarters in Marina del Rey CA ISI actively participated in the information revolution and it played a leading role in developing and managing the early Internet and its predecessor ARPAnet 2 3 4 The Institute conducts basic and applied research supported by more than 20 U S government agencies involved in defense science health homeland security energy and other areas Annual funding is about 100 million 5 ISI employs about 400 research scientists research programmers graduate students and administrative staff at its Marina del Rey California headquarters in Arlington Virginia and in Boston Massachusetts About half of the research staff hold PhD degrees and about 40 are research faculty who teach at USC and advise graduate students 5 Several senior researchers are tenured USC faculty in the Viterbi School Contents 1 Research and sponsors 2 History 3 Other achievements 4 Organizational structure 5 References 6 External linksResearch and sponsors EditISI research spans artificial intelligence AI cybersecurity 6 grid computing 7 cloud computing quantum computing microelectronics 8 9 supercomputing nano satellites and many other areas AI expertise includes natural language processing in which ISI has an international reputation 10 11 12 reconfigurable robotics 13 information integration motion analysis 14 15 and social media analysis Hardware software expertise includes cyber physical system security data mining reconfigurable computing and cloud computing In networking ISI explores Internet resilience Internet traffic analysis and photonics among other areas 16 17 Researchers also work in scientific data management wireless technologies biomimetics and electrical smart grid in which ISI is advising the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power on a major demonstration project 18 Another current initiative involves big data brain imaging jointly with the Keck School of Medicine of USC 19 Federal agency sponsors include the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Department of Education Department of Energy Department of Homeland Security National Institutes of Health National Science Foundation and other scientific technical and defense related agencies Corporate partners include Chevron Corp in the Center for Interactive Smart Oilfield Technologies CiSoft Lockheed Martin Company in the USC Lockheed Martin Quantum Computing Center and Parsons Corp subsidiary Sparta Inc in the DETER Project a cybersecurity research initiative and international testbed ISI also has partnered with businesses including IBM Corporation Samsung Electronics Company the Raytheon Company GlobalFoundries Inc Northrop Grumman Corporation and Carl Zeiss AG and currently is working with Micron Technology Inc Altera Corporation and Fujitsu Ltd ISI also operates the Metal Oxide Semiconductor Implementation Service MOSIS a multi project electronic circuit wafer service that has prototyped more than 60 000 chips since 1981 MOSIS provides design tools and pools circuit designs to produce specialty and low volume chips for corporations universities and other research entities worldwide The Institute also has given rise to several startup and spinoff companies in grid software geospatial information fusion machine translation data integration and other technologies History EditISI was founded by Keith Uncapher who headed the computer research group at RAND Corporation in the 1960s and early 1970s 20 21 Uncapher decided to leave RAND after his group s funding was cut in 1971 He approached the University of California at Los Angeles about creating an off campus technology institute but was told that a decision would take 15 months He then presented the concept to USC which approved the proposal in five days 2 ISI was launched with three employees in 1972 Its first proposal was funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency DARPA in 30 days for 6 million 22 ISI became one of the earliest nodes on ARPANET 23 the predecessor to the Internet and in 1977 figured prominently in a demonstration of its international viability 24 ISI also helped refine the TCP IP communications protocols fundamental to Net operations 3 and researcher Paul Mockapetris developed the now familiar Domain Name System characterized by com org net gov and edu 25 on which the Net still operates The names com org et al were invented at SRI International an ongoing collaborator Steve Crocker originated the Request for Comments RFC series the written record of the network s technical structure and operation that both documented and shaped the emerging Internet 26 Another ISI researcher Danny Cohen became first to implement packet voice and packet video over ARPANET demonstrating the viability of packet switching for real time applications 27 Jonathan Postel collaborated in development of TCP IP DNS and the SMTP protocol that supports email 28 He also edited the RFC for nearly three decades until his sudden death in 1998 when ISI colleagues assumed responsibility The Institute retained that role until 2009 Postel simultaneously directed the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority IANA and its predecessor which assign Internet addresses IANA was administered from ISI until a nonprofit organization ICANN was created for that purpose in 1998 29 Other achievements EditSome of the first Net security applications and one of the world s first portable computers also originated at ISI 30 ISI researchers also created or co created the GLOBUS grid computing standard 31 32 LOOM knowledge representation language and environment or LOOM ontology MONARCH supercomputer on a chip 33 34 Soar cognitive architecture for developing intelligent behavioral systems Pegasus workflow management In 2011 several ISI natural language experts advised the IBM team that created Watson the computer that became the first machine to win against human competitors on the Jeopardy TV show 35 36 In 2012 ISI s Kevin Knight spearheaded a successful drive to crack the Copiale cipher a lengthy encrypted manuscript that had remained unreadable for 250 years 37 Also in 2012 the USC Lockheed Martin Quantum Computing Center QCC became the first organization to operate a quantum annealing system outside of its manufacturer D Wave Systems Inc 38 USC ISI and Lockheed Martin now are performing basic and applied research into quantum computing 39 A second quantum annealing system is located at NASA Ames Research Center and is operated jointly by NASA and Google 40 The USC Andrew and Erna Viterbi School of Engineering was ranked among the nation s top 10 engineering graduate schools by US News amp World Report in 2015 1 41 Including ISI USC is ranked first nationally in federal computer science research and development expenditures 2 Organizational structure EditISI is organized into seven divisions focused on differing areas of research expertise 5 Advanced Electronics MOSIS shared services integrated circuit research and fabrication CMOS and post CMOS concepts and biomimetics Computational Systems and Technology quantum computing supercomputing cloud wireless reconfigurable and multicore computing microarchitecture and electronics science automation technologies social networks and space systems Informatics Systems Research grid computing information security service oriented architectures imaging and medical informatics that aim to transform healthcare discovery processes practice and delivery Artificial Intelligence artificial intelligence in natural language machine translation information integration education robotics and other disciplines Networking and Cybersecurity internet security research and international testbed internet measurement and monitoring approaches and sensor networks that emphasize both networking theory and practice Space Technology and Systems space research and hands on involvement for students through the Space Engineering Research Center operated jointly by ISI and USC Vision Image Speech and Text Analytics ISI s Center for Vision Image Speech and Text Analytics VISTA is an internationally recognized leader in areas such as multimedia signal processing computer vision and natural language analysis Smaller specialized research groups operate within almost all divisions ISI is led by Executive Director Craig Knoblock the previous director to the AI division References Edit a b USC Viterbi School of Engineering USC Viterbi School of Engineering Retrieved 13 August 2018 a b c Bekey George A A Remarkable Trajectory From Humble Beginnings to Global Prominence The history of the USC Viterbi School of Engineering Charleston CreateSpace 2015 Print a b TCP IP 25th Anniversary Internet Society Archived from the original on 2012 04 03 Internet pioneers gather in Marina del Rey to honor USC s Information Sciences Institute Latimesblogs latimes com 26 March 2010 Retrieved 13 August 2018 a b c About ISI Isi edu Retrieved 13 August 2018 Hamedy Saba 2014 12 02 Sony execs salaries employee SSNs allegedly leaked in breach Los Angeles Times Retrieved 13 August 2018 Krill Paul 2003 05 23 2003 InfoWorld Innovators Ian Foster Carl Kesselman and Steve Tuecke Infoworld com Retrieved 13 August 2018 Advancing DoD s Ability to Test Critical Microelectronics Science dodlive mil Retrieved 13 August 2018 Stopping Hardware Trojans in Their Tracks Spectrum ieee org 20 January 2015 Retrieved 13 August 2018 ACL Member Portal The Association for Computational Linguistics Member Portal Aclweb org Retrieved 13 August 2018 Markoff John 2011 10 24 How 18th Century Copiale Cipher Was Cracked The New York Times Retrieved 13 August 2018 Hobbs Jerryr 2013 09 30 Influences and Inferences Computational Linguistics 39 4 781 798 doi 10 1162 coli a 00171 S2CID 11237614 How Tiny SuperBots Will Create Cheap Modular Satellites Pcmag com Retrieved 13 August 2018 Bolch Ben 2013 10 27 Stat conscious NBA switches to the advanced metric system Los Angeles Times Retrieved 13 August 2018 New Players In The NBA Big Data User Controlled Jumbotrons Npr org Retrieved 13 August 2018 Information Sciences Institute Isi edu Retrieved 13 August 2018 Page Not Found Los Angeles Times Isi edu Retrieved 13 August 2018 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Cite uses generic title help Radio Southern California Public 1 July 2014 LADWP flips the switch on 52 000 smart meters Scpr org Retrieved 13 August 2018 Gordon Larry Brown Eryn 18 May 2013 USC made its offer to neuroscientists a no brainer Articles latimes com Archived from the original on 17 May 2015 Retrieved 13 August 2018 Hafner Katie 2002 10 16 Keith W Uncapher Networking Pioneer 80 The New York Times Retrieved 13 August 2018 Menn Joseph 12 October 2002 Keith Uncapher 80 Founder of USC Science Institute Computer Pioneer Articles latimes com Retrieved 13 August 2018 W Uncapher Keith 10 July 1989 Oral history interview with Keith W Uncapher Conservancy umn edu Retrieved 13 August 2018 Iterations An interdisciplinary journal of software history Cbi umn edu Retrieved 13 August 2018 Internet History of 1970s Internet History Computer History Museum Computerhistory org Retrieved 13 August 2018 Paul Mockapetris Internet Hall of Fame internethalloffame org Retrieved 13 August 2018 Steve Crocker Internet Hall of Fame internethalloffame org Retrieved 13 August 2018 Danny Cohen Internet Hall of Fame internethalloffame org Retrieved 13 August 2018 Jon Postel Internet Hall of Fame Internethalloffame org Retrieved 13 August 2018 SAC067 Overview and History of the IANA Functions PDF Icann org Retrieved 13 August 2018 Timeline Isi edu Archived from the original on 14 August 2018 Retrieved 13 August 2018 Waldrop M Mitchell Grid Computing Technologyreview com Retrieved 13 August 2018 Calit2 Foster amp Kesselman Awarded Lovelace Medal for Grid Leadership Calit2 net Retrieved 13 August 2018 Request Rejected PDF www cs sandia gov Archived from the original PDF on 6 February 2022 Retrieved 30 June 2022 Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2010 06 09 Retrieved 2015 06 02 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link USC Viterbi School of Engineering Viterbi School Computer Scientists Contributed to the Development of IBM Watson viterbi usc edu Retrieved 13 August 2018 IBM s Watson on Jeopardy Computer takes big lead over humans in Round 2 Updated with video Latimesblogs latimes com 15 February 2011 Retrieved 13 August 2018 Shachtman Noah 2012 11 16 They Cracked This 250 Year Old Code and Found a Secret Society Inside Wired Vol 20 no 12 Retrieved 13 August 2018 Archived copy Archived from the original on 2016 06 19 Retrieved 2017 03 07 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Can quantum computing change the world This start up is betting on it Washington Post Retrieved 13 August 2018 Jones Nicola 16 May 2013 Google and NASA snap up quantum computer Nature doi 10 1038 nature 2013 12999 S2CID 57405432 Retrieved 13 August 2018 Best Engineering School Rankings Engineering Program Rankings US News Archived from the original on 2012 11 18 Retrieved 2012 10 24 External links EditOfficial USC Information Sciences Institute ISI website Archived 2015 06 02 at the Wayback Machine Official USC Viterbi School of Engineering website Youtube com Dwavesys com Coordinates 33 58 49 N 118 26 24 W 33 9802 N 118 440031 W 33 9802 118 440031 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Information Sciences Institute amp oldid 1118555830, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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