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Inekon Trams

January 01, 1970

Inekon Trams, a.s. is a manufacturer of trams, or streetcars, located in the Czech Republic, and has supplied new trams to several cities in the Czech Republic and the United States.[1] The company also carries out modernisation and repair of trams, as well as track reconstruction.[2] It is a joint-stock company (Czech: Akciová společnost, or a.s.).

Inekon Trams, a.s.
Company typeJoint-stock company
IndustryTransportation
Founded2001
Headquarters
Ostrava
,
Czech Republic
ProductsTrams
ServicesTram refurbishment and repair, track rebuilding
ParentInekon Group, a.s.
WebsiteOfficial website

History edit

 
An Inekon 01-Trio in Ostrava
 
Portland car 008 is a 2006-built Inekon 12-Trio

Formed in 2001, the company was originally a joint venture of Inekon Group and the Ostrava Public Transport Agency (Dopravní Podnik Ostrava, or DPO), and was named DPO Inekon.[2] The name was changed to Inekon Trams in 2005, after Inekon Group purchased the shares of DPO and became sole owner, but DPO's Ostrava facilities continue to be used for most production and assembly.[3]

In the early 1990s Inekon Group tried to gain control of ČKD, which was one of the largest engineering companies in the country at the time, and which had produced almost 20,000 trams, including 14,000 Tatra T3. While the effort to acquire the company failed, some of ČKD's employees were dissatisfied with the new owners and decided to come over to Inekon. Thus, Inekon Group acquired engineers from one of the world's largest producer of trams.[4]

From 1996[5] until 2001/2, parent company Inekon Group had participated in a joint venture with Škoda Transportation Systems, known as Škoda-Inekon, for the construction of trams.[6] Most of the mechanical design work was undertaken by Inekon Group subsidiary Kolejová Doprava (in Prague), while the production was carried out by Škoda (in Plzeň), and the electrical propulsion equipment was made by Škoda and the Austrian company Elin EBG Traction.[7] Marketing was also handled by Inekon Group.[5] The Škoda-Inekon partnership built the Astra model, of which the unidirectional version, model 03T, was supplied to several Czech cities and the bi-directional version, model 10T, was supplied to two U.S. cities (Portland and Tacoma).

The partnership collapsed in 2001, and strong disagreements resulted in both companies filing lawsuits against the other.[8] Škoda continued producing some of the same models on its own, and retaining the same model designations (such as 03T) as had originally been adopted under Škoda-Inekon, but with Inekon no longer involved.[9] Inekon formed a new joint venture with DPO for production,[10] using DPO's workshops at Martinov,[11][12] but the design and development of new trams continued to be carried out by Kolejová Doprava, which remains a subsidiary of Inekon Group.[13] For this reason, Inekon's 01-Trio is nearly identical to the Škoda 03T in most respects, while the same is the case for the Inekon 12-Trio and Škoda 10T, respectively. One transport operator, the Portland Streetcar, has a fleet that includes seven Škoda-Inekon 10T cars (built in 2001–2), three Inekon 12-Trio cars and one newer 10T built by United Streetcar under licence from Škoda, and all eleven have identical overall dimensions, configuration, and other technical specifications, and use mostly the same parts. Škoda and Inekon Group settled their differences in 2006, and even forged a new alliance specifically for the purpose of winning a large contract for new trams for Toronto,[8] but that contract was awarded to a different manufacturer, and since then the two companies have continued to work separately.

 
An Inekon-refurbished tram in Sofia, Bulgaria

The first tramcar completed by DPO-Inekon was Ostrava tram system's car 1251, a Trio delivered in 2002.[10][11] Renamed Inekon Trams in 2005, the company developed additional tramcar designs and expanded into other types of work, in particular overhaul and modernization of older trams[14] and reconstruction and upgrading of tracks.[15] The tram system in Izhevsk, Russia, awarded Inekon a 1 million-euro contract for track repair in 2006,[16] and the city of Ufa also contracted with Inekon for tramway upgrading.[17] Trams have been modernized for Sofia, Bulgaria,[18][19] and other cities.

In 2007, the Portland Streetcar and Seattle Streetcar systems both took delivery of three Inekon 12-Trio cars each, all six built and assembled in the Czech Republic.

In 2011, Inekon won a tender for 6 new tramcars for the Seattle Streetcar system's "First Hill" line. The Czech company partnered with Seattle-based Pacifica Marine, a transport vehicles refurbisher, in order to meet the requirement of 60% of U.S. content, which is needed for the project to be eligible for Federal funding. While the manufacturing of the major parts would still take place in the Czech Republic, assembly, painting and testing was to be carried by the American company for this order. At the time, Inekon and Pacifica planned to bid also for streetcar projects in other U.S. cities, with plans to eventually start building streetcars completely in the U.S., similar to United Streetcar's partnership with Škoda.[20][21][22][23] The Seattle order was later expanded by one car, to seven cars, but after production fell behind schedule, the plans for U.S. assembly were scaled back. Three of the new Seattle cars were assembled in the Czech Republic, and only four by Pacifica Marine in Seattle. The three Inekon trams purchased by Seattle earlier, in 2007, were model 12-Trio, whereas the new cars purchased by Seattle in 2013–15 are a variant called 121-Trio, which is capable of operating on batteries only (without power from overhead wires) part of the time.[24]

Due to low figures of production, Inekon's manufacture of trams has been loss-making and the parent company has to subsidise the tram division from its other activities, such as constructing large cement mills (currently planned or under construction in Egypt, Morocco, Syria and Vietnam), modernisations of trains as well as train corridors and construction of large sewage plants (in Ireland, the Netherlands, Italy, Latvia, etc.). Nevertheless, Inekon maintains capacities for production of trams as well as for their development, aiming to sell them especially in the American, Russian and Chinese tramway markets.[25]

Tramcar models edit

Models of new trams currently available include the Trio series, Superior and Pento. All are low-floor models, either partially or fully, and are articulated.[26]

Trio edit

The Trio is a three-carbody-section, four-axle (two-bogie) design, in which the low-floor area represents 50% of the entire vehicle floor area. The overall length is 20.13 metres (66.0 ft).

The 01-Trio is a single-ended (uni-directional) version, buyers of which have included (as of 2008) the transport agencies in Olomouc and Ostrava.[1][12] The first car was built in 2002, for Ostrava's tram system (DPO).

The 12-Trio is a double-ended (bi-directional) model designed for export. The standard model is designated as 12-Trio, but in 2012–13 Inekon introduced a variant that is capable of limited operation on batteries only, and this is designated 121-Trio. As of 2016, the 121 model has only been purchased by Seattle.

Trams of this type have been purchased by three U.S. cities,[1] as follows:

  • Portland Streetcar: 3 cars (nos. 008–010), built in 2006 and delivered in 2007[1]
  • Seattle Streetcar: 10 cars by 2016. First order was for 3 cars, delivered in 2007.[1] Another six cars were ordered in late 2011 for use on a planned second line,[22] and these are model 121-Trio, capable of "off-wire" operation part of the time. A seventh car was added to the order in late 2012. Delivery began in 2015.[27]
  • The Department of Transportation of Washington, D.C. for the D.C. Streetcar line: 3 cars, completed in 2007[28] but not shipped to the USA until late 2009, due to delays in construction of the tram line and carhouse (storage and maintenance building) in Washington.

All nine of the standard 12-Trio cars manufactured to date (in 2006–07) were equipped with propulsion control systems made by Elin EBG.

Other models edit

  • Inekon 04, the Superior, is a three-section, 32.6-metre (107 ft) unidirectional car with at least 50% low-floor area.[29] No trams of this design have been constructed thus far.
  • Inekon 11, the Pento, is essentially a longer version of the Trio.[30] It is a five-section, 30.2-metre (99 ft) unidirectional car with 64% low-floor area.[31]
  • Inekon Superior Plus was a design developed together with Škoda in 2008 for the Toronto Transit Commission's bid for 204 new streetcars. It is a 100% low-floor tram designed in order to meet specific requirements of the Toronto tramway tracks, especially its unusually small 36-foot (10.973 m)-radius curves.[32] The tram's appearance was created by designer Patrik Kotas, who is also responsible for the look of Škoda's newest ForCity tram.[33] The Škoda-Inekon consortium was not permitted to take part in the bidding process, which was in the end won by Bombardier, for its Flexity Outlook, which met the commission's Canadian content requirement.[34]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e Webb, Mary (ed.) (2009). Jane's Urban Transport Systems 2009–2010, p. 526. Coulsdon, Surrey (UK): Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2903-6.
  2. ^ a b . Inekon Group, a.s. 2006. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
  3. ^ Tramways & Urban Transit magazine, January 2007, p. 23. Light Rail Transit Association (UK). ISSN 1460-8324.
  4. ^ "Cementárny v ohrožení". Ekonom newspaper. 2 January 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
  5. ^ a b "Tatra's new Czech rival launches its new low-floor ASTRA tram" (October 1996). Light Rail and Modern Tramway, p. 374. Ian Allan Publishing/Light Rail Transit Association (UK).
  6. ^ "Life is Better in the World than in Czechia". Mladá fronta Dnes, archived (and probably translated) by Inekon Group. 26 April 2006. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
  7. ^ Taplin, M. R. (October 2001). . Tramways & Urban Transit. Hersham, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Publishing Ltd. ISSN 1460-8324. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
  8. ^ a b "Škoda and Inekon About to Cooperate". Inekon Group, a.s. 2006. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
  9. ^ Tramways & Urban Transit magazine, March 2002, p. 103. Light Rail Transit Association (UK).
  10. ^ a b "Archive (2002 news)". Railvolution. 2002. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
  11. ^ a b Tramways & Urban Transit magazine, September 2003, p. 347. Light Rail Transit Association (UK).
  12. ^ a b . Hospodářské noviny newspaper. 13 September 2006. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
  13. ^ "Facts, Inekon Group". Inekon Group. 2006. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
  14. ^ "Modernization and Repairs of Trams". Inekon Group. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
  15. ^ "Construction and Maintenance of Rail Tracks". Inekon Group. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
  16. ^ "News, Metros". Railway Gazette International. 1 August 2006. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
  17. ^ "Ufa tramway rehabilitation". Railway Gazette International. 11 September 2007. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
  18. ^ "Inekon Group supplies Sofia tram". Czech Business Weekly. 14 April 2008. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
  19. ^ "Refurbished tram back in Sofia". Railway Gazette International. 19 June 2008. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
  20. ^ "Mayor says First Hill streetcar means Seattle jobs – Construction starts in January". CHS Capitol Hill Seattle Blog. 7 October 2011. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
  21. ^ "Local firm wins bid to assemble streetcars". Seattle Times. 27 October 2011. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
  22. ^ a b Gutierrez, Scott (26 October 2011). "McGinn: Streetcars to be built in Seattle". Seattle P-I. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
  23. ^ "Local manufacturer will help build Seattle's second streetcar line". NPR News. 27 October 2011. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
  24. ^ "Inekon Group zahájil výrobu tramvají pro USA" [Inekon Group starts production of trams for USA] (in Czech). Inekon Group. 29 January 2013. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
  25. ^ "RJosef Hušek: S tramvajemi už jsme dobyli Washington a Moskvu, na řadě je Peking" (in Czech). e15.cz. 12 January 2011. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
  26. ^ "Production of New Trams". Inekon Group. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
  27. ^ "Seattle's Inekon battery tram arrives". Tramways & Urban Transit. May 2015. p. 172.
  28. ^ "Czechs trial Washington trams". Tramways & Urban Transit magazine, July 2007, p. 278. Light Rail Transit Association (UK).
  29. ^ "Superior – Low-Floor Tram". Inekon Trams. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
  30. ^ "Inekon 11 Pento". Inekon Group. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
  31. ^ "PENTO Low-Floor Tram Technical Data". Inekon Trams. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
  32. ^ CLRVS
  33. ^ inekon-trams.com. "Superior Plus 100% Low Floor Tram!".
  34. ^ thestar.com (24 April 2009). "TTC picks Bombardier to supply streetcars". Toronto Star. Toronto.

External links edit

  Media related to Inekon trams at Wikimedia Commons

  • at Inekon Group website (see infobox, above, for main Inekon Trams website)
  • Inekon Group (parent company) website

January 01, 1970
inekon, trams, manufacturer, trams, streetcars, located, czech, republic, supplied, trams, several, cities, czech, republic, united, states, company, also, carries, modernisation, repair, trams, well, track, reconstruction, joint, stock, company, czech, akciov. Inekon Trams a s is a manufacturer of trams or streetcars located in the Czech Republic and has supplied new trams to several cities in the Czech Republic and the United States 1 The company also carries out modernisation and repair of trams as well as track reconstruction 2 It is a joint stock company Czech Akciova spolecnost or a s Inekon Trams a s Company typeJoint stock companyIndustryTransportationFounded2001HeadquartersOstrava Czech RepublicProductsTramsServicesTram refurbishment and repair track rebuildingParentInekon Group a s WebsiteOfficial website Contents 1 History 2 Tramcar models 2 1 Trio 2 2 Other models 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksHistory edit nbsp An Inekon 01 Trio in Ostrava nbsp Portland car 008 is a 2006 built Inekon 12 Trio Formed in 2001 the company was originally a joint venture of Inekon Group and the Ostrava Public Transport Agency Dopravni Podnik Ostrava or DPO and was named DPO Inekon 2 The name was changed to Inekon Trams in 2005 after Inekon Group purchased the shares of DPO and became sole owner but DPO s Ostrava facilities continue to be used for most production and assembly 3 In the early 1990s Inekon Group tried to gain control of CKD which was one of the largest engineering companies in the country at the time and which had produced almost 20 000 trams including 14 000 Tatra T3 While the effort to acquire the company failed some of CKD s employees were dissatisfied with the new owners and decided to come over to Inekon Thus Inekon Group acquired engineers from one of the world s largest producer of trams 4 From 1996 5 until 2001 2 parent company Inekon Group had participated in a joint venture with Skoda Transportation Systems known as Skoda Inekon for the construction of trams 6 Most of the mechanical design work was undertaken by Inekon Group subsidiary Kolejova Doprava in Prague while the production was carried out by Skoda in Plzen and the electrical propulsion equipment was made by Skoda and the Austrian company Elin EBG Traction 7 Marketing was also handled by Inekon Group 5 The Skoda Inekon partnership built the Astra model of which the unidirectional version model 03T was supplied to several Czech cities and the bi directional version model 10T was supplied to two U S cities Portland and Tacoma The partnership collapsed in 2001 and strong disagreements resulted in both companies filing lawsuits against the other 8 Skoda continued producing some of the same models on its own and retaining the same model designations such as 03T as had originally been adopted under Skoda Inekon but with Inekon no longer involved 9 Inekon formed a new joint venture with DPO for production 10 using DPO s workshops at Martinov 11 12 but the design and development of new trams continued to be carried out by Kolejova Doprava which remains a subsidiary of Inekon Group 13 For this reason Inekon s 01 Trio is nearly identical to the Skoda 03T in most respects while the same is the case for the Inekon 12 Trio and Skoda 10T respectively One transport operator the Portland Streetcar has a fleet that includes seven Skoda Inekon 10T cars built in 2001 2 three Inekon 12 Trio cars and one newer 10T built by United Streetcar under licence from Skoda and all eleven have identical overall dimensions configuration and other technical specifications and use mostly the same parts Skoda and Inekon Group settled their differences in 2006 and even forged a new alliance specifically for the purpose of winning a large contract for new trams for Toronto 8 but that contract was awarded to a different manufacturer and since then the two companies have continued to work separately nbsp An Inekon refurbished tram in Sofia Bulgaria The first tramcar completed by DPO Inekon was Ostrava tram system s car 1251 a Trio delivered in 2002 10 11 Renamed Inekon Trams in 2005 the company developed additional tramcar designs and expanded into other types of work in particular overhaul and modernization of older trams 14 and reconstruction and upgrading of tracks 15 The tram system in Izhevsk Russia awarded Inekon a 1 million euro contract for track repair in 2006 16 and the city of Ufa also contracted with Inekon for tramway upgrading 17 Trams have been modernized for Sofia Bulgaria 18 19 and other cities In 2007 the Portland Streetcar and Seattle Streetcar systems both took delivery of three Inekon 12 Trio cars each all six built and assembled in the Czech Republic In 2011 Inekon won a tender for 6 new tramcars for the Seattle Streetcar system s First Hill line The Czech company partnered with Seattle based Pacifica Marine a transport vehicles refurbisher in order to meet the requirement of 60 of U S content which is needed for the project to be eligible for Federal funding While the manufacturing of the major parts would still take place in the Czech Republic assembly painting and testing was to be carried by the American company for this order At the time Inekon and Pacifica planned to bid also for streetcar projects in other U S cities with plans to eventually start building streetcars completely in the U S similar to United Streetcar s partnership with Skoda 20 21 22 23 The Seattle order was later expanded by one car to seven cars but after production fell behind schedule the plans for U S assembly were scaled back Three of the new Seattle cars were assembled in the Czech Republic and only four by Pacifica Marine in Seattle The three Inekon trams purchased by Seattle earlier in 2007 were model 12 Trio whereas the new cars purchased by Seattle in 2013 15 are a variant called 121 Trio which is capable of operating on batteries only without power from overhead wires part of the time 24 Due to low figures of production Inekon s manufacture of trams has been loss making and the parent company has to subsidise the tram division from its other activities such as constructing large cement mills currently planned or under construction in Egypt Morocco Syria and Vietnam modernisations of trains as well as train corridors and construction of large sewage plants in Ireland the Netherlands Italy Latvia etc Nevertheless Inekon maintains capacities for production of trams as well as for their development aiming to sell them especially in the American Russian and Chinese tramway markets 25 Tramcar models editModels of new trams currently available include the Trio series Superior and Pento All are low floor models either partially or fully and are articulated 26 Trio edit The Trio is a three carbody section four axle two bogie design in which the low floor area represents 50 of the entire vehicle floor area The overall length is 20 13 metres 66 0 ft The 01 Trio is a single ended uni directional version buyers of which have included as of 2008 the transport agencies in Olomouc and Ostrava 1 12 The first car was built in 2002 for Ostrava s tram system DPO The 12 Trio is a double ended bi directional model designed for export The standard model is designated as 12 Trio but in 2012 13 Inekon introduced a variant that is capable of limited operation on batteries only and this is designated 121 Trio As of 2016 the 121 model has only been purchased by Seattle Trams of this type have been purchased by three U S cities 1 as follows Portland Streetcar 3 cars nos 008 010 built in 2006 and delivered in 2007 1 Seattle Streetcar 10 cars by 2016 First order was for 3 cars delivered in 2007 1 Another six cars were ordered in late 2011 for use on a planned second line 22 and these are model 121 Trio capable of off wire operation part of the time A seventh car was added to the order in late 2012 Delivery began in 2015 27 The Department of Transportation of Washington D C for the D C Streetcar line 3 cars completed in 2007 28 but not shipped to the USA until late 2009 due to delays in construction of the tram line and carhouse storage and maintenance building in Washington All nine of the standard 12 Trio cars manufactured to date in 2006 07 were equipped with propulsion control systems made by Elin EBG Other models edit Inekon 04 the Superior is a three section 32 6 metre 107 ft unidirectional car with at least 50 low floor area 29 No trams of this design have been constructed thus far Inekon 11 the Pento is essentially a longer version of the Trio 30 It is a five section 30 2 metre 99 ft unidirectional car with 64 low floor area 31 Inekon Superior Plus was a design developed together with Skoda in 2008 for the Toronto Transit Commission s bid for 204 new streetcars It is a 100 low floor tram designed in order to meet specific requirements of the Toronto tramway tracks especially its unusually small 36 foot 10 973 m radius curves 32 The tram s appearance was created by designer Patrik Kotas who is also responsible for the look of Skoda s newest ForCity tram 33 The Skoda Inekon consortium was not permitted to take part in the bidding process which was in the end won by Bombardier for its Flexity Outlook which met the commission s Canadian content requirement 34 See also editList of tram buildersReferences edit a b c d e Webb Mary ed 2009 Jane s Urban Transport Systems 2009 2010 p 526 Coulsdon Surrey UK Jane s Information Group ISBN 978 0 7106 2903 6 a b Profile Inekon Trams Inekon Group a s 2006 Archived from the original on 13 July 2011 Retrieved 4 July 2010 Tramways amp Urban Transit magazine January 2007 p 23 Light Rail Transit Association UK ISSN 1460 8324 Cementarny v ohrozeni Ekonom newspaper 2 January 2011 Retrieved 4 July 2010 a b Tatra s new Czech rival launches its new low floor ASTRA tram October 1996 Light Rail and Modern Tramway p 374 Ian Allan Publishing Light Rail Transit Association UK Life is Better in the World than in Czechia Mlada fronta Dnes archived and probably translated by Inekon Group 26 April 2006 Retrieved 4 July 2010 Taplin M R October 2001 Return of the modern streetcar Portland leads the way Tramways amp Urban Transit Hersham Surrey UK Ian Allan Publishing Ltd ISSN 1460 8324 Archived from the original on 27 September 2013 Retrieved 7 July 2013 a b Skoda and Inekon About to Cooperate Inekon Group a s 2006 Retrieved 4 July 2010 Tramways amp Urban Transit magazine March 2002 p 103 Light Rail Transit Association UK a b Archive 2002 news Railvolution 2002 Retrieved 4 July 2010 a b Tramways amp Urban Transit magazine September 2003 p 347 Light Rail Transit Association UK a b Czechs want to introduce trams to Dakar Hospodarske noviny newspaper 13 September 2006 Archived from the original on 18 July 2011 Retrieved 4 July 2010 Facts Inekon Group Inekon Group 2006 Retrieved 4 July 2010 Modernization and Repairs of Trams Inekon Group Retrieved 4 July 2010 Construction and Maintenance of Rail Tracks Inekon Group Retrieved 4 July 2010 News Metros Railway Gazette International 1 August 2006 Retrieved 16 October 2010 Ufa tramway rehabilitation Railway Gazette International 11 September 2007 Retrieved 16 October 2010 Inekon Group supplies Sofia tram Czech Business Weekly 14 April 2008 Archived from the original on 19 July 2011 Retrieved 4 July 2010 Refurbished tram back in Sofia Railway Gazette International 19 June 2008 Retrieved 4 July 2010 Mayor says First Hill streetcar means Seattle jobs Construction starts in January CHS Capitol Hill Seattle Blog 7 October 2011 Retrieved 27 October 2011 Local firm wins bid to assemble streetcars Seattle Times 27 October 2011 Retrieved 27 October 2011 a b Gutierrez Scott 26 October 2011 McGinn Streetcars to be built in Seattle Seattle P I Retrieved 7 January 2015 Local manufacturer will help build Seattle s second streetcar line NPR News 27 October 2011 Retrieved 27 October 2011 Inekon Group zahajil vyrobu tramvaji pro USA Inekon Group starts production of trams for USA in Czech Inekon Group 29 January 2013 Retrieved 25 January 2016 RJosef Husek S tramvajemi uz jsme dobyli Washington a Moskvu na rade je Peking in Czech e15 cz 12 January 2011 Retrieved 20 January 2011 Production of New Trams Inekon Group Retrieved 4 July 2010 Seattle s Inekon battery tram arrives Tramways amp Urban Transit May 2015 p 172 Czechs trial Washington trams Tramways amp Urban Transit magazine July 2007 p 278 Light Rail Transit Association UK Superior Low Floor Tram Inekon Trams Retrieved 4 July 2010 Inekon 11 Pento Inekon Group Retrieved 4 July 2010 PENTO Low Floor Tram Technical Data Inekon Trams Retrieved 4 July 2010 CLRVS inekon trams com Superior Plus 100 Low Floor Tram thestar com 24 April 2009 TTC picks Bombardier to supply streetcars Toronto Star Toronto External links edit nbsp Media related to Inekon trams at Wikimedia Commons Inekon Trams page at Inekon Group website see infobox above for main Inekon Trams website Inekon Group parent company website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Inekon Trams amp oldid 1175211769, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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