This article appears to contradict the article indigenous peoples. Please see discussion on the linked talk page. Please do not remove this message until the contradictions are resolved.(September 2020)
The indigenous people of Africa are groups of people native to a specific region; people who lived there before colonists or settlers arrived, defined new borders, and began to occupy the land. This definition applies to all indigenous groups, whether inside or outside of Africa. Although the vast majority of Native Africans can be considered to be "indigenous" in the sense that they originated from that continent and nowhere else (like all Homo sapiens), identity as an "indigenous people" is in the modern application more restrictive. Not every African ethnic group claims identification under these terms. Groups and communities who do claim this recognition are those who by a variety of historical and environmental circumstances have been placed outside of the dominant state systems. Their traditional practices and land claims often have come into conflict with the objectives and policies promulgated by governments, companies, and surrounding dominant societies.
Marginalization, along with the desire to recognize and protect their collective and human rights, and to maintain the continuity of their individual cultures, has led many to seek identification as indigenous peoples, in the contemporary global sense of the term.
The history of the indigenous African peoples spans thousands of years and includes a complex variety of cultures, languages, and political systems. Indigenous African cultures have existed since ancient times, with some of the earliest evidence of human life on the continent coming from stone tools and rock art dating back hundreds of thousands of years. The earliest written records of African history come from ancient Egyptian and Nubian texts, which date back to around 3000 B.C. These texts provide insight into the societies of the time, including religious beliefs, political systems, and trade networks. In the centuries that followed, various other African civilizations rose to prominence, such as the Kingdom of Kush in northern Sudan and the powerful empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in West Africa. In the late 15th century, European colonization began, leading to the enslavement of millions of Africans and the displacement of many indigenous cultures. Since the end of World War II, indigenous African cultures have been in a state of constant flux, struggling to maintain their identity in the face of Westernization and globalization. In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in traditional cultures and many African countries have taken steps to preserve and promote their indigenous heritage.
In the post-colonial period, the concept of specific indigenous peoples within the African continent has gained wider acceptance, although not without controversy. The highly-diverse and numerous ethnic groups which comprise most modern, independent African states contain within them various peoples whose situation, cultures and pastoralist or hunter-gatherer lifestyles are generally marginalized and set apart from the dominant political and economic structures of the nation. Since the late 20th century these peoples have increasingly sought recognition of their rights as distinct indigenous peoples, in both national and international contexts.
The Indigenous Peoples of Africa Co-ordinating Committee (IPACC) was founded in 1997. It is one of the main trans-national network organizations recognized as a representative of African indigenous peoples in dialogues with governments and bodies such as the UN. In 2008, IPACC was composed of 150 member organisations in 21 African countries. IPACC identifies several key characteristics associated with indigenous claims in Africa:
"political and economic marginalization rooted in colonialism;
de facto discrimination based often on the dominance of agricultural peoples in the State system (e.g. lack of access to education and health care by hunters and herders);
the particularities of culture, identity, economy and territoriality that link hunting and herding peoples to their home environments in deserts and forests (e.g. nomadism, diet, knowledge systems);
some indigenous peoples, such as the San and Pygmy peoples are physically distinct, which makes them subject to specific forms of discrimination."
African Pygmies northeastern Congo posing with bows and arrows (c. 1915)
With respect to concerns that identifying some groups and not others as indigenous is in itself discriminatory, IPACC states that it:
"...recognises that all Africans should enjoy equal rights and respect. All of Africa's diversity is to be valued. Particular communities, due to historical and environmental circumstances, have found themselves outside the state-system and underrepresented in governance...This is not to deny other Africans their status; it is to emphasize that affirmative recognition is necessary for hunter-gatherers and herding peoples to ensure their survival."
At an African inter-governmental level, the examination of indigenous rights and concerns is pursued by a sub-commission established under the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR), sponsored by the African Union (AU) (successor body to the Organisation of African Unity (OAU)). In late 2003 the 53 signatory states of the ACHPR adopted the Report of the African Commission's Working Group on Indigenous Populations/Communities and its recommendations. This report says in part (p. 62):
"...certain marginalized groups are discriminated in particular ways because of their particular culture, mode of production and marginalized position within the state[; a] form of discrimination that other groups within the state do not suffer from. The call of these marginalized groups to protection of their rights is a legitimate call to alleviate this particular form of discrimination."
The adoption of this report at least notionally subscribed the signatories to the concepts and aims of furthering the identity and rights of African indigenous peoples. The extent to which individual states are mobilizing to put these recommendations into practice varies enormously, however. Most indigenous groups continue to agitate for improvements in the areas of land rights, use of natural resources, protection of environment and culture, political recognition and freedom from discrimination.
On 30 December 2010, the Republic of Congo adopted a law for the promotion and protection of the rights of indigenous peoples. This law is the first of its kind in Africa, and its adoption is a historic development for indigenous peoples on the continent.[1]
Report of the African Commission's Working Group on Indigenous Populations/Communities. IWGIA
The Indigenous World 2020. IWGIA
Indigenous Peoples in Africa: The Forgotten Peoples? The African Commission's work on indigenous peoples in Africa. IWGIA
External links
Indigenous Knowledge in Africa - UNEP Study Archived 2007-08-15 at the Library of Congress Web Archives
Indigenous Peoples of Africa Co-ordinating Committee (IPACC)
February 14, 2023
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This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages The neutrality of this article is disputed Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met September 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article possibly contains original research Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations Statements consisting only of original research should be removed September 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations September 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article appears to contradict the article indigenous peoples Please see discussion on the linked talk page Please do not remove this message until the contradictions are resolved September 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message The indigenous people of Africa are groups of people native to a specific region people who lived there before colonists or settlers arrived defined new borders and began to occupy the land This definition applies to all indigenous groups whether inside or outside of Africa Although the vast majority of Native Africans can be considered to be indigenous in the sense that they originated from that continent and nowhere else like all Homo sapiens identity as an indigenous people is in the modern application more restrictive Not every African ethnic group claims identification under these terms Groups and communities who do claim this recognition are those who by a variety of historical and environmental circumstances have been placed outside of the dominant state systems Their traditional practices and land claims often have come into conflict with the objectives and policies promulgated by governments companies and surrounding dominant societies Mursi people in Ethiopia s Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region Marginalization along with the desire to recognize and protect their collective and human rights and to maintain the continuity of their individual cultures has led many to seek identification as indigenous peoples in the contemporary global sense of the term Contents 1 History 2 Indigenous in the contemporary African context 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksHistory EditThe history of the indigenous African peoples spans thousands of years and includes a complex variety of cultures languages and political systems Indigenous African cultures have existed since ancient times with some of the earliest evidence of human life on the continent coming from stone tools and rock art dating back hundreds of thousands of years The earliest written records of African history come from ancient Egyptian and Nubian texts which date back to around 3000 B C These texts provide insight into the societies of the time including religious beliefs political systems and trade networks In the centuries that followed various other African civilizations rose to prominence such as the Kingdom of Kush in northern Sudan and the powerful empires of Ghana Mali and Songhai in West Africa In the late 15th century European colonization began leading to the enslavement of millions of Africans and the displacement of many indigenous cultures Since the end of World War II indigenous African cultures have been in a state of constant flux struggling to maintain their identity in the face of Westernization and globalization In recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in traditional cultures and many African countries have taken steps to preserve and promote their indigenous heritage Indigenous in the contemporary African context Edit San people in Namibia In the post colonial period the concept of specific indigenous peoples within the African continent has gained wider acceptance although not without controversy The highly diverse and numerous ethnic groups which comprise most modern independent African states contain within them various peoples whose situation cultures and pastoralist or hunter gatherer lifestyles are generally marginalized and set apart from the dominant political and economic structures of the nation Since the late 20th century these peoples have increasingly sought recognition of their rights as distinct indigenous peoples in both national and international contexts The Indigenous Peoples of Africa Co ordinating Committee IPACC was founded in 1997 It is one of the main trans national network organizations recognized as a representative of African indigenous peoples in dialogues with governments and bodies such as the UN In 2008 IPACC was composed of 150 member organisations in 21 African countries IPACC identifies several key characteristics associated with indigenous claims in Africa political and economic marginalization rooted in colonialism de facto discrimination based often on the dominance of agricultural peoples in the State system e g lack of access to education and health care by hunters and herders the particularities of culture identity economy and territoriality that link hunting and herding peoples to their home environments in deserts and forests e g nomadism diet knowledge systems some indigenous peoples such as the San and Pygmy peoples are physically distinct which makes them subject to specific forms of discrimination African Pygmies northeastern Congo posing with bows and arrows c 1915 With respect to concerns that identifying some groups and not others as indigenous is in itself discriminatory IPACC states that it recognises that all Africans should enjoy equal rights and respect All of Africa s diversity is to be valued Particular communities due to historical and environmental circumstances have found themselves outside the state system and underrepresented in governance This is not to deny other Africans their status it is to emphasize that affirmative recognition is necessary for hunter gatherers and herding peoples to ensure their survival At an African inter governmental level the examination of indigenous rights and concerns is pursued by a sub commission established under the African Commission on Human and Peoples Rights ACHPR sponsored by the African Union AU successor body to the Organisation of African Unity OAU In late 2003 the 53 signatory states of the ACHPR adopted the Report of the African Commission s Working Group on Indigenous Populations Communities and its recommendations This report says in part p 62 certain marginalized groups are discriminated in particular ways because of their particular culture mode of production and marginalized position within the state a form of discrimination that other groups within the state do not suffer from The call of these marginalized groups to protection of their rights is a legitimate call to alleviate this particular form of discrimination The adoption of this report at least notionally subscribed the signatories to the concepts and aims of furthering the identity and rights of African indigenous peoples The extent to which individual states are mobilizing to put these recommendations into practice varies enormously however Most indigenous groups continue to agitate for improvements in the areas of land rights use of natural resources protection of environment and culture political recognition and freedom from discrimination On 30 December 2010 the Republic of Congo adopted a law for the promotion and protection of the rights of indigenous peoples This law is the first of its kind in Africa and its adoption is a historic development for indigenous peoples on the continent 1 See also EditAfrican Commission on Human and Peoples Rights Black people Hizetjitwa Indigenous Peoples Organization 2007 an organisation operating in Namibia and Angola List of ethnic groups of Africa List of indigenous peoples of Africa Recent African origin of modern humans Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation ACP EU CTA United Nations Environment Programme United Nations Educational Scientific Cultural Organisation UNESCO References Edit 1 Archived June 14 2011 at the Wayback MachineFurther reading EditHitchcock Robert 1996 Kalahari Communities Bushmen and the Politics of the Environment in Southern Africa International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs IWGIA Document No 79 Report of the African Commission s Working Group on Indigenous Populations Communities IWGIA The Indigenous World 2020 IWGIA Indigenous Peoples in Africa The Forgotten Peoples The African Commission s work on indigenous peoples in Africa IWGIAExternal links EditIndigenous Knowledge in Africa UNEP Study Archived 2007 08 15 at the Library of Congress Web Archives Indigenous Peoples of Africa Co ordinating Committee IPACC Iwgia org Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Indigenous peoples of Africa amp oldid 1138232971, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
