Ilam, Iran
Ilam (Persian: ایلام, romanized: Īlām; Kurdish: ئیلام, romanized: Îlam)[2] is a Kurdish city and capital of Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2011 census, its population was 213,579 people, and 52,474 families.[3] The Kabir Kuh mountain range lies east of the city. From the west it borders Iraq.
Ilam | |
|---|---|
City | |
A square in Ilam | |
Location in the Ilam province | |
Ilam Location in Iran | |
| Coordinates: 33°38′15″N 46°25′22″E / 33.63750°N 46.42278°ECoordinates: 33°38′15″N 46°25′22″E / 33.63750°N 46.42278°E | |
| Country | Iran |
| Province | Ilam |
| County | Ilam |
| Bakhsh | Central |
| Elevation | 1,427 m (4,682 ft) |
| Population (2016 Census) | |
| • Total | 194,030[1] |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30 (IRST) |
| Area code | 0843 |
| Climate | Csa |
| Website | www |
Demographics
Language composition:[4]
Architecture
Like many other regions of Iran the architecture in Ilam includes traditional and contemporary periods. Although easy access to fossil fuels and electricity may have aided the transition in Iranian architecture in other regions of Iran from its traditional to modern styles, in Ilam the increasing population has also played a role.
The Governor Castle, Falahaty Mansion and The Mirgholam Castle are examples of some surviving traditional buildings in Ilam. The courtyard dwelling is the main type of the buildings of this period. This type of building was accepted as the main building type over all Iran for both climatic and cultural reasons. Brick is the main constructional material in these buildings. The passive thermal techniques indicated for the Iranian traditional buildings are commonly used in these buildings.
The Governor Castle of Ilam was built in type of courtyard. Adding shade and moisture by using green landscape, high trees and a pond, were the main passive techniques used in this building to reduce the temperature in summer. The Mirgholam Castle of Ilam presents a classic Iranian courtyard. The garden and the pound were the main elements of this type of buildings. The Falahaty Mansion used a pitched roof as it was regular beside the flat roofs in the traditional buildings in Ilam earlier.[5]
Climate
Ilam is situated in the cold mountainous region of Iran at a height of 1,319 metres (4,330 ft) above mean sea level. It is located in the west of Iran at a latitude of 33° 38´ north and longitude of 46° 26´ east. Although this city is surrounded by mountains, its climate is also affected by deserts from the west and the south. This region presents a highly variable annual weather profile. Heavy showers or snow in the winter and dusty, brutally hot, dry weather in the summer are normal for this region.[6] Monthly rainfalls have been as high as 352.1 millimetres (13.86 in) in March 1974, whilst daily rainfalls have reached 86 millimetres or 3.39 inches on 26 February 1991. Temperatures have ranged from a high of 47.0 °C or 116.6 °F on 20 August 1975 to a low of −15.0 °C or 5.0 °F on 5 February 1974.
Ilam's climate is classed under the Köppen climate classification as a Mediterranean climate (Csa) with continental influences.
| Climate data for Ilam (1967 to 2005) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 23.1 (73.6) | 21.0 (69.8) | 25.0 (77.0) | 30.2 (86.4) | 37.5 (99.5) | 40.0 (104.0) | 43.0 (109.4) | 47.0 (116.6) | 40.0 (104.0) | 35.2 (95.4) | 32.0 (89.6) | 27.5 (81.5) | 47.0 (116.6) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 9.0 (48.2) | 10.2 (50.4) | 14.0 (57.2) | 19.8 (67.6) | 26.3 (79.3) | 32.4 (90.3) | 35.8 (96.4) | 35.3 (95.5) | 31.6 (88.9) | 24.9 (76.8) | 17.1 (62.8) | 11.7 (53.1) | 22.4 (72.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.4 (39.9) | 5.4 (41.7) | 8.8 (47.8) | 14.2 (57.6) | 20.1 (68.2) | 25.2 (77.4) | 28.5 (83.3) | 28.1 (82.6) | 24.4 (75.9) | 18.6 (65.5) | 11.6 (52.9) | 6.8 (44.2) | 16.3 (61.4) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −0.3 (31.5) | 0.6 (33.1) | 3.7 (38.7) | 8.6 (47.5) | 13.8 (56.8) | 18.1 (64.6) | 21.2 (70.2) | 20.8 (69.4) | 17.3 (63.1) | 12.3 (54.1) | 6.3 (43.3) | 1.9 (35.4) | 10.4 (50.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −14 (7) | −15 (5) | −11 (12) | −3 (27) | 3.0 (37.4) | 7.0 (44.6) | 8.0 (46.4) | 8.0 (46.4) | 7.5 (45.5) | 1.9 (35.4) | −6.2 (20.8) | −12 (10) | −15 (5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 117.5 (4.63) | 103.9 (4.09) | 123.1 (4.85) | 70.1 (2.76) | 26.1 (1.03) | 0.5 (0.02) | 0.6 (0.02) | 0.3 (0.01) | 1.1 (0.04) | 26.2 (1.03) | 80.3 (3.16) | 94.8 (3.73) | 644.5 (25.37) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 9 | 8 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 55 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 66 | 62 | 57 | 49 | 38 | 27 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 38 | 51 | 61 | 44 |
| Source: Iranian Meteorological Organisation (archived)[7] | |||||||||||||
Colleges and universities
Ilam contains the following universities:
- Ilam University of Medical Sciences[8]
- University of Ilam[9]
- Islamic Azad University of Ilam[10]
- Safir Danesh
- Farhangian University, Shahid Modares Campus of Ilam (Men) and Imam Jafar -e- Sadiqh Campus of Ilam (Women)
See also
References
- ^ "Statistical Center of Iran > Home".
- ^ Ilam, Iran can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3067203" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
- ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
- ^ "Language distribution: Ilam Province". Iran Atlas. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ J Khodakarami. Achieving Thermal Comfort in Iranian Hospitals. Cardiff University, PhD Thesis, 2008
- ^ J Khodakarami and I Knight. Required and Current Thermal Conditions for Occupants in Iranian Hospitals. HVAC&R Research, Vol. 14, Number 2, March 2008, pp 175-194
- ^ . Iranian Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 8 May 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ https://www.medilam.ac.ir/[bare URL]
- ^ http://www.ilam.ac.ir/[bare URL]
- ^ https://ilam.iau.ir/fa[bare URL]