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Idas of Messene

February 01, 2024

For other uses, see Idas (mythology) and Idas (disambiguation).

In Greek mythology, Idas (/ˈaɪdəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἴδας, romanized: Ídas), was a Messenian prince. He was one of the Argonauts,[1] a participant in the hunt for the Calydonian Boar[2] and contender with the gods. Idas was described as keen and spirited.[3]

Marpessa and Idas, separated from Apollo by Zeus, Attic red-figure psykter, ca. 480 BC, Staatliche Antikensammlungen (Inv. 2417).

Family edit

Idas was the son of Aphareus and Arene and the elder brother of Lynceus and Pisus.[3][4] He was sometimes regarded as the offspring of Poseidon.[4][5] In some accounts, the wife of Aphareus and thus, Idas' possible mother was named as Polydora or Laocoosa.[6] By Marpessa, Idas had one daughter named Cleopatra Alcyone who married Meleager.[7]

Mythology edit

Contest for Marpessa's hand edit

When Idas came from Messenia to ask for the hand of Marpessa, daughter of Evenus. The maiden's father refused his request because he wanted his daughter to remain a virgin. Idas went to his father Poseidon and begged for the use of a winged chariot.[8] Poseidon consented to his use of the chariot, and Idas stole Marpessa away from a band of dancers and fled to Pleuron in Aetolia.[9] Her father, after chasing the couple for a long time and realizing he could not catch up to them, killed his horses and then drowned himself in a nearby river Lycormas and became immortal. The river was named later after him.[10]

Apollo also pursued them in his own chariot, wanting Marpessa for himself.

Idas that was mightiest of men that were then upon the face of earth;
who also took his bow to face the king Phoebus Apollo
for the sake of the fair-ankled maid [i.e. Marpessa].[11]

As the two fought for the girl's hand, Zeus eventually intervened and commanded Marpessa to choose between her mortal lover and the god.[8][12] Marpessa chose Idas, reasoning to Apollo that had she chosen the god, she would have eventually grown old and lost his affections:

And thou beautiful god, in that far time,
When in thy setting sweet thou gazest down
On this grey head, wilt thou remember then
That once I pleased thee, that I once was young?[13]

Fight with the Dioscuri edit

Hyginus version edit

The two beautiful daughters of Leucippus, Phoebe and Hilaeira were promised brides of their cousins, Idas and Lynceus. Because of their beauty, the twins Castor and Pollux who were inflamed with love, carried off the maidens. Trying to recover their lost brides-to-be, the two Messenian princes, took to arms and joined the celebrated fight between them and their rival suitors. During the battle, Castor killed Lynceus while Idas, at his brother's death, forgot both the strife and bride, and started to bury his brother. When he was placing the bones in a funeral monument, Castor intervened and tried to prevent his raising of the monument, because he had won over him as if he were a woman. In anger, Idas pierced the thigh of Castor with the sword he wore. Others say that, as he was building the monument he pushed it on Castor and thus killed him. When they reported this to Pollux, he rushed up and overcame Idas in a single fight, recovered the body of his brother, and buried it.[14]

Apollodorus version edit

A different tale was presented in the Bibliotheca, where the cause of the strife of the Aphareids and Disocuri was not the abduction of the Leucippides but the division of spoils between them. Castor and Pollux, having driven booty of cattle from Arcadia, in company with Idas and Lynceus, they allowed Idas to divide the spoil. He cut a cow in four and said that one half of the booty should be his who ate his share first, and that the rest should be his who ate his share second. And before they knew where they were, Idas had swallowed his own share first and likewise his brother's, and with him had driven off the captured cattle to Messene. But the Dioscuri marched against Messene, and drove away that cattle and much else besides. And they lay in wait for Idas and Lynceus. But Lynceus spied Castor and discovered him to Idas, who killed him. Pollux chased them and slew Lynceus by throwing his spear, but in pursuing Lynceus he was wounded in the head with a stone thrown by him, and fell down in a swoon. In revenge, the divine father of Pollux, Zeus, smote Idas with a thunderbolt and carried up his son to heaven where he shared his immortality with his mortal brother, Castor.[15]

After the deaths of the two Messenian princes, the kingdom was bereft of male descendants and thus, Nestor, son of Neleus and a relative obtained the whole land including all the part ruled formerly by Idas, but not that subject (Tricca) to the sons of Asclepius, Machaon and Podalirius.[16]

Other adventures edit

Idas wished to rob Teuthras, king of Moesia, of his kingdom but was overcame in one battle by Telephus, son of Auge and Heracles, with the help of Parthenopaeus, son of Atalanta.[17]

On their journey to fetch the Golden Fleece, Idas avenged the death of Idmon, son of Apollo by slaying the wild boar that wounded and killed the seer.[18]

Notes edit

  1. ^ Hyginus, Fabulae 14.3; Apollodorus,1.9.16; Statius, Thebaid 5.405; Valerius Flaccus, 1.461
  2. ^ Hyginus, Fabulae 173; Apollodorus, 1.8.2; Ovid, Metamorphoses 8.299 ff.
  3. ^ a b Hyginus, Fabulae 14.3
  4. ^ a b Apollodorus, 3.10.3
  5. ^ Scholia on Homer, Iiad 1.557 
  6. ^ Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 1. 152, with a reference to Peisander for Polydora and to Theocritus for Laocoosa, see Theocritus, Idyll 22. 206
  7. ^ Apollodorus, 1.8.2
  8. ^ a b Jeanie Lang. A Book of Myths, p. 90-99.
  9. ^ Baccchylides. Dithyrambs, 6.1
  10. ^ Homer. Iliad, Book 9.557, Pseudo-Apollodorus. Bibliotheca, Book 1.7.8; Propertius. Elegies, 1.2; Pausanias. Description of Greece, 4.2.7 & 5.18.2; Plutarch. Parallela minora, 40; Pseudo-Plutarch. De fluviis, 1.8
  11. ^ Homer. Iliad, Book 9.557   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  12. ^ Homer. Iliad, Book 9.557, Pseudo-Apollodorus. Bibliotheca, Book 1.7.9 & 1.8.2;Plutarch. Parallela minora, 40; Propertius. Elegies, 1.2;
  13. ^ Stephen Phillips. Marpessa (poem).
  14. ^ Hyginus. Fabulae, 80   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  15. ^ Pseudo-Apollodorus. Bibliotheca, Book 3.11.2   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  16. ^ Pausanias. Description of Greece, 4.3.1   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  17. ^ Hyginus. Fabulae, 100
  18. ^ Hyginus. Fabulae, 14.4

References edit

  • Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
  • Bacchylides, Odes translated by Diane Arnson Svarlien. 1991. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Bacchylides, The Poems and Fragments. Cambridge University Press. 1905. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Gaius Julius Hyginus, Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
  • Gaius Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica translated by Mozley, J H. Loeb Classical Library Volume 286. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1928. Online version at theio.com.
  • Gaius Valerius Flaccus, Argonauticon. Otto Kramer. Leipzig. Teubner. 1913. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Homer, The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. ISBN 978-0674995796. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Homer, Homeri Opera in five volumes. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 1920. ISBN 978-0198145318. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus, Moralia with an English Translation by Frank Cole Babbitt. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press. London. William Heinemann Ltd. 1936. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
  • Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus, Morals translated from the Greek by several hands. Corrected and revised by. William W. Goodwin, PH. D. Boston. Little, Brown, and Company. Cambridge. Press Of John Wilson and son. 1874. 5. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Pausanias, Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. ISBN 0-674-99328-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
  • Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio. 3 vols. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Publius Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses translated by Brookes More (1859-1942). Boston, Cornhill Publishing Co. 1922. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Publius Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses. Hugo Magnus. Gotha (Germany). Friedr. Andr. Perthes. 1892. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Publius Papinius Statius, The Thebaid translated by John Henry Mozley. Loeb Classical Library Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1928. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
  • Publius Papinius Statius, The Thebaid. Vol I-II. John Henry Mozley. London: William Heinemann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1928. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Sextus Propertius, Elegies from Charm. Vincent Katz. trans. Los Angeles. Sun & Moon Press. 1995. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Latin text available at the same website.

External links edit

 
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Idas".

February 01, 2024
idas, messene, other, uses, idas, mythology, idas, disambiguation, greek, mythology, idas, ancient, greek, Ἴδας, romanized, Ídas, messenian, prince, argonauts, participant, hunt, calydonian, boar, contender, with, gods, idas, described, keen, spirited, marpess. For other uses see Idas mythology and Idas disambiguation In Greek mythology Idas ˈ aɪ d e s Ancient Greek Ἴdas romanized Idas was a Messenian prince He was one of the Argonauts 1 a participant in the hunt for the Calydonian Boar 2 and contender with the gods Idas was described as keen and spirited 3 Marpessa and Idas separated from Apollo by Zeus Attic red figure psykter ca 480 BC Staatliche Antikensammlungen Inv 2417 Contents 1 Family 2 Mythology 2 1 Contest for Marpessa s hand 2 2 Fight with the Dioscuri 2 2 1 Hyginus version 2 2 2 Apollodorus version 2 3 Other adventures 3 Notes 4 References 5 External linksFamily editIdas was the son of Aphareus and Arene and the elder brother of Lynceus and Pisus 3 4 He was sometimes regarded as the offspring of Poseidon 4 5 In some accounts the wife of Aphareus and thus Idas possible mother was named as Polydora or Laocoosa 6 By Marpessa Idas had one daughter named Cleopatra Alcyone who married Meleager 7 Mythology editContest for Marpessa s hand edit When Idas came from Messenia to ask for the hand of Marpessa daughter of Evenus The maiden s father refused his request because he wanted his daughter to remain a virgin Idas went to his father Poseidon and begged for the use of a winged chariot 8 Poseidon consented to his use of the chariot and Idas stole Marpessa away from a band of dancers and fled to Pleuron in Aetolia 9 Her father after chasing the couple for a long time and realizing he could not catch up to them killed his horses and then drowned himself in a nearby river Lycormas and became immortal The river was named later after him 10 Apollo also pursued them in his own chariot wanting Marpessa for himself Idas that was mightiest of men that were then upon the face of earth who also took his bow to face the king Phoebus Apollofor the sake of the fair ankled maid i e Marpessa 11 As the two fought for the girl s hand Zeus eventually intervened and commanded Marpessa to choose between her mortal lover and the god 8 12 Marpessa chose Idas reasoning to Apollo that had she chosen the god she would have eventually grown old and lost his affections And thou beautiful god in that far time When in thy setting sweet thou gazest downOn this grey head wilt thou remember thenThat once I pleased thee that I once was young 13 Fight with the Dioscuri edit Hyginus version edit The two beautiful daughters of Leucippus Phoebe and Hilaeira were promised brides of their cousins Idas and Lynceus Because of their beauty the twins Castor and Pollux who were inflamed with love carried off the maidens Trying to recover their lost brides to be the two Messenian princes took to arms and joined the celebrated fight between them and their rival suitors During the battle Castor killed Lynceus while Idas at his brother s death forgot both the strife and bride and started to bury his brother When he was placing the bones in a funeral monument Castor intervened and tried to prevent his raising of the monument because he had won over him as if he were a woman In anger Idas pierced the thigh of Castor with the sword he wore Others say that as he was building the monument he pushed it on Castor and thus killed him When they reported this to Pollux he rushed up and overcame Idas in a single fight recovered the body of his brother and buried it 14 Apollodorus version edit A different tale was presented in the Bibliotheca where the cause of the strife of the Aphareids and Disocuri was not the abduction of the Leucippides but the division of spoils between them Castor and Pollux having driven booty of cattle from Arcadia in company with Idas and Lynceus they allowed Idas to divide the spoil He cut a cow in four and said that one half of the booty should be his who ate his share first and that the rest should be his who ate his share second And before they knew where they were Idas had swallowed his own share first and likewise his brother s and with him had driven off the captured cattle to Messene But the Dioscuri marched against Messene and drove away that cattle and much else besides And they lay in wait for Idas and Lynceus But Lynceus spied Castor and discovered him to Idas who killed him Pollux chased them and slew Lynceus by throwing his spear but in pursuing Lynceus he was wounded in the head with a stone thrown by him and fell down in a swoon In revenge the divine father of Pollux Zeus smote Idas with a thunderbolt and carried up his son to heaven where he shared his immortality with his mortal brother Castor 15 After the deaths of the two Messenian princes the kingdom was bereft of male descendants and thus Nestor son of Neleus and a relative obtained the whole land including all the part ruled formerly by Idas but not that subject Tricca to the sons of Asclepius Machaon and Podalirius 16 Other adventures edit Idas wished to rob Teuthras king of Moesia of his kingdom but was overcame in one battle by Telephus son of Auge and Heracles with the help of Parthenopaeus son of Atalanta 17 On their journey to fetch the Golden Fleece Idas avenged the death of Idmon son of Apollo by slaying the wild boar that wounded and killed the seer 18 Notes edit Hyginus Fabulae 14 3 Apollodorus 1 9 16 Statius Thebaid 5 405 Valerius Flaccus 1 461 Hyginus Fabulae 173 Apollodorus 1 8 2 Ovid Metamorphoses 8 299 ff a b Hyginus Fabulae 14 3 a b Apollodorus 3 10 3 Scholia on Homer Iiad 1 557 Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius Argonautica 1 152 with a reference to Peisander for Polydora and to Theocritus for Laocoosa see Theocritus Idyll 22 206 Apollodorus 1 8 2 a b Jeanie Lang A Book of Myths p 90 99 Baccchylides Dithyrambs 6 1 Homer Iliad Book 9 557 Pseudo Apollodorus Bibliotheca Book 1 7 8 Propertius Elegies 1 2 Pausanias Description of Greece 4 2 7 amp 5 18 2 Plutarch Parallela minora 40 Pseudo Plutarch De fluviis 1 8 Homer Iliad Book 9 557 nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Homer Iliad Book 9 557 Pseudo Apollodorus Bibliotheca Book 1 7 9 amp 1 8 2 Plutarch Parallela minora 40 Propertius Elegies 1 2 Stephen Phillips Marpessa poem Hyginus Fabulae 80 nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Pseudo Apollodorus Bibliotheca Book 3 11 2 nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Pausanias Description of Greece 4 3 1 nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Hyginus Fabulae 100 Hyginus Fabulae 14 4References editApollodorus The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer F B A F R S in 2 Volumes Cambridge MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1921 ISBN 0 674 99135 4 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Greek text available from the same website Bacchylides Odes translated by Diane Arnson Svarlien 1991 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Bacchylides The Poems and Fragments Cambridge University Press 1905 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library Gaius Julius Hyginus Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies Online version at the Topos Text Project Gaius Valerius Flaccus Argonautica translated by Mozley J H Loeb Classical Library Volume 286 Cambridge MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1928 Online version at theio com Gaius Valerius Flaccus Argonauticon Otto Kramer Leipzig Teubner 1913 Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library Homer The Iliad with an English Translation by A T Murray Ph D in two volumes Cambridge MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1924 ISBN 978 0674995796 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Homer Homeri Opera in five volumes Oxford Oxford University Press 1920 ISBN 978 0198145318 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus Moralia with an English Translation by Frank Cole Babbitt Cambridge MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1936 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Greek text available from the same website Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus Morals translated from the Greek by several hands Corrected and revised by William W Goodwin PH D Boston Little Brown and Company Cambridge Press Of John Wilson and son 1874 5 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W H S Jones Litt D and H A Ormerod M A in 4 Volumes Cambridge MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1918 ISBN 0 674 99328 4 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Pausanias Graeciae Descriptio 3 vols Leipzig Teubner 1903 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library Publius Ovidius Naso Metamorphoses translated by Brookes More 1859 1942 Boston Cornhill Publishing Co 1922 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Publius Ovidius Naso Metamorphoses Hugo Magnus Gotha Germany Friedr Andr Perthes 1892 Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library Publius Papinius Statius The Thebaid translated by John Henry Mozley Loeb Classical Library Volumes Cambridge MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1928 Online version at the Topos Text Project Publius Papinius Statius The Thebaid Vol I II John Henry Mozley London William Heinemann New York G P Putnam s Sons 1928 Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library Sextus Propertius Elegies from Charm Vincent Katz trans Los Angeles Sun amp Moon Press 1995 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Latin text available at the same website External links edithttp www classics upenn edu myth php tools dictionary php method did amp regexp 892 amp setcard 0 amp link 0 amp media 0 http oxfordindex oup com view 10 1093 oi authority 20110803095956462 nbsp Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica article Idas Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Idas of Messene amp oldid 1144600710, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, 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