Classical Newar (Modern: पुलां भाय्, Classical: पुलाङ्गु नेपाल भाय्), also known as Old Newar or Classical Nepal Bhasa,[1] is the pre-12th century vernacular and literary form of Nepal Bhasa in Licchavi dynasty and Thakuri dynasty.[2] It is an important source language for historians and linguists. The classical Newari language has also been considered a hybrid in which an extensive Sanskrit superstrate was grafted on to the Tibeto-Burman base.[3]
The language continued growing in the Medieval period, and enjoyed royal patronage. Noted royal writers include Mahindra Malla, Siddhinarsingh Malla, Jagatprakash Malla etc. An example of the language used in that period is provided by lines of Mooldevshashidev written by Jagatprakash Malla which verse describes Shiva and the use of a tiger skin as his seat.[5]
धु छेगुकि पाछाव वाहान
dhu chēguki pāchāva vāhāna
तिलहित बिया हिङ लाहाति थाय थायस
tilahita biyā hiŋa lāhāti thāya thāyasa
Historyedit
This language was the official language of Nepal from Licchavi era to Malla era of Nepal.Newar words appeared in Sanskrit inscriptions in the Kathmandu Valley for the first time in the fifth century. The words are names of places, taxes and merchandise indicating that it already existed as a spoken language during the Licchavi period (approximately 400–750 AD).[6] The inscriptions from the Licchavi period includes Newari words. Hence, it indicated that Newari was the common language during Licchavi dynasty although the official use of the period was Sanskrit, but Nepal Bhasa was already in use.[7] The earliest dated stone inscription in Thakuri dynasty is in Newari, dated Nepal Sambat 293 (1173 CE).[8]
ISOedit
Classical Nepal Bhasa was introduced in ISO 639-2 code list in 2004.
Grammaredit
This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (February 2024)
Referencesedit
^Alan Hopkinson (2008) UNIMARC Manual: Bibliographic Format. Walter de Gruyter.
^George L. Campbell, (2000) Compendium of the World's Languages: Ladakhi to Zuni, Volume 2.
^Malla, Kamal P. . Kailash. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 January 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2011. Pages 15–25.
^Mooldevshashidev by Jagatprakash Malla, edited by Saraswati Tuladhar
^Tuladhar, Prem Shanti (2000). Nepal Bhasa Sahityaya Itihas: The History of Nepalbhasa Literature. Kathmandu: Nepal Bhasa Academy. ISBN99933-56-00-X. Pages 19–20.
^Malla 1949, p. 155. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMalla1949 (help)
^Malla, KP. "Classical Newari Literature" (PDF). p. 1. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
April 13, 2024
classical, newar, modern, classical, also, known, newar, classical, nepal, bhasa, 12th, century, vernacular, literary, form, nepal, bhasa, licchavi, dynasty, thakuri, dynasty, important, source, language, historians, linguists, classical, newari, language, als. Classical Newar Modern प ल भ य Classical प ल ङ ग न प ल भ य also known as Old Newar or Classical Nepal Bhasa 1 is the pre 12th century vernacular and literary form of Nepal Bhasa in Licchavi dynasty and Thakuri dynasty 2 It is an important source language for historians and linguists The classical Newari language has also been considered a hybrid in which an extensive Sanskrit superstrate was grafted on to the Tibeto Burman base 3 Classical Nepal BhasaOld Newarप ल ङ न प ल भ सNative toNepal Bhutan Tibet IndiaEra450 CE to 1200 CE Lichchavi dynasty to Thakuri dynastyLanguage familySino Tibetan Tibeto BurmanHimalayishClassical Nepal BhasaWriting systemNepalese scripts Ranjana script Prachalit script Bhujimol script Litumol script Other Brahmi script Kutila script DevanagariLanguage codesISO 639 2 span class plainlinks nwc span ISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code nwc class extiw title iso639 3 nwc nwc a GlottologNone Contents 1 Ancient era 2 Medieval era 3 History 4 ISO 5 Grammar 6 ReferencesAncient era editThe earliest known dated document in Nepal Bhasa is called The Palmleaf from Uku Bahal which dates back to 1114 AD 235 NS 4 छ न ढ क त स घष पर भ ग छ प ल ग क त य ब प र वस त र ब व म ख त व मद ग न छ स त द ग नव ल ह china ḍhakō tr saṃghaṣa paribhōga chu puleṃga kitya bipara vastra bivu mikha tivu maduguna chu sata dugunava lhaiMedieval era editThe language continued growing in the Medieval period and enjoyed royal patronage Noted royal writers include Mahindra Malla Siddhinarsingh Malla Jagatprakash Malla etc An example of the language used in that period is provided by lines of Mooldevshashidev written by Jagatprakash Malla which verse describes Shiva and the use of a tiger skin as his seat 5 ध छ ग क प छ व व ह न dhu cheguki pachava vahana त लह त ब य ह ङ ल ह त थ य थ यस tilahita biya hiŋa lahati thaya thayasaHistory editThis language was the official language of Nepal from Licchavi era to Malla era of Nepal Newar words appeared in Sanskrit inscriptions in the Kathmandu Valley for the first time in the fifth century The words are names of places taxes and merchandise indicating that it already existed as a spoken language during the Licchavi period approximately 400 750 AD 6 The inscriptions from the Licchavi period includes Newari words Hence it indicated that Newari was the common language during Licchavi dynasty although the official use of the period was Sanskrit but Nepal Bhasa was already in use 7 The earliest dated stone inscription in Thakuri dynasty is in Newari dated Nepal Sambat 293 1173 CE 8 ISO editClassical Nepal Bhasa was introduced in ISO 639 2 code list in 2004 Grammar editThis section is empty You can help by adding to it February 2024 References edit Alan Hopkinson 2008 UNIMARC Manual Bibliographic Format Walter de Gruyter Acharya Baburam 1952 Nepal Newar and Newari language Kathmandu Nepal Nepal Sanskritik Parisad George L Campbell 2000 Compendium of the World s Languages Ladakhi to Zuni Volume 2 Malla Kamal P The Earliest Dated Document in Newari The Palmleaf from Uku Bahah NS 234 AD 1114 Kailash Archived from the original PDF on 8 January 2016 Retrieved 18 April 2011 Pages 15 25 Mooldevshashidev by Jagatprakash Malla edited by Saraswati Tuladhar Tuladhar Prem Shanti 2000 Nepal Bhasa Sahityaya Itihas The History of Nepalbhasa Literature Kathmandu Nepal Bhasa Academy ISBN 99933 56 00 X Pages 19 20 Malla 1949 p 155 sfn error no target CITEREFMalla1949 help Malla KP Classical Newari Literature PDF p 1 Retrieved 19 March 2014 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Classical Newar amp oldid 1218678309, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
