Hypomyces chrysospermus, the bolete eater, is a parasiticascomycete fungus that grows on bolete mushrooms, turning the afflicted host a whitish, golden yellow, or tan color. It is found in Eurasia[2] and North America, as well as southwest Western Australia. Unlike the related Lobster mushroom, H. lactifluorum, the bolete eater and its afflicted host mushrooms are inedible.
Hypomyces chrysospermus
Hypomyces chrysospermus infecting a Leccinum bolete
Hypomyces chrysospermus was first described by French mycologists, brothers Louis René and Charles Tulasne in 1860. Common names include bolete eater,[3] and bolete mould.[4]
The bolete eater belongs to a genus of parasitic ascomycetes, each of which infects differing genera of fungi. For example, H. lactifluorum attacks mushrooms of the family Russulaceae, H. copletus and H. transformans infect Suillus species, H. melanocarpus prefers Tylopilus species, while other Hypomyces have a much broader host range.[5]
Description
Ascus and spores
The bolete eater infects boletes, initially with a thin whitish layer which then becomes golden and finally a reddish-brown pimpled appearance. The bolete's flesh softens and is putrescent by the third stage. Single or multiple boletes may be infected, members of Paxillus and Rhizopogon are also attacked.[3]
The spores are oval-shaped and smooth in the white stage and measure 10–30 by 5–12 μm, and are warty, round and thicker-walled in the yellow stage and are 10–25 μm in diameter. These two stages are asexual, while the final stage is sexual; here the spores are spindle-shaped and measure 25–30 by 5–6 μm.[3]
Distribution and habitat
Hypomyces chrysospermus is found in North America,[3] and Europe, where it is common.[4] It is common in the southwest of Western Australia, where it is found in forest and coastal plant communities.[6] It is also found in the Eastern Chinese provinces of Hebei, Jiangsu, Anhui, and Fujian.[2]
Usage
As mentioned earlier, H. chrysospermus is not edible and may be poisonous.[3][4] The bolete eater is used in Chinese herbal medicine to stop and heal external bleeding, primarily through direct, topical application of the spore onto open wounds or cuts.[2]
References
^"Hypomyces chrysospermus Tul. & C. Tul. 1860". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2011-07-01.
^ abcYing, Jianzhe (1987). Icons of medicinal fungi from China. Beijing, China: Science Press. pp. 575 (page 545). ISBN9787030001955.
^ abcdeArora, David (1986). Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi (2nd ed.). Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. p. 883. ISBN0-89815-169-4.
^ abcRoger Phillips (2006). Mushrooms. Pan MacMillan. p. 352. ISBN0-330-44237-6.
^Robinson, Richard (2003). Fungi of the South-West Forests. Perth, Western Australia: Department of Conservation and land Management. pp. 68–69. ISBN0-7307-5528-2.
March 19, 2023
hypomyces, chrysospermus, bolete, eater, parasitic, ascomycete, fungus, that, grows, bolete, mushrooms, turning, afflicted, host, whitish, golden, yellow, color, found, eurasia, north, america, well, southwest, western, australia, unlike, related, lobster, mus. Hypomyces chrysospermus the bolete eater is a parasitic ascomycete fungus that grows on bolete mushrooms turning the afflicted host a whitish golden yellow or tan color It is found in Eurasia 2 and North America as well as southwest Western Australia Unlike the related Lobster mushroom H lactifluorum the bolete eater and its afflicted host mushrooms are inedible Hypomyces chrysospermusHypomyces chrysospermus infecting a Leccinum boleteScientific classificationKingdom FungiDivision AscomycotaClass SordariomycetesOrder HypocrealesFamily HypocreaceaeGenus HypomycesSpecies H chrysospermusBinomial nameHypomyces chrysospermusTul amp C Tul 1860 Synonyms 1 Hypolyssus chrysospermus Tul amp C Tul Kuntze 1898 Apiocrea chrysosperma Tul amp C Tul Syd amp P Syd 1921 Sepedonium chrysosperma Bull Fr Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Usage 5 ReferencesTaxonomy EditHypomyces chrysospermus was first described by French mycologists brothers Louis Rene and Charles Tulasne in 1860 Common names include bolete eater 3 and bolete mould 4 The bolete eater belongs to a genus of parasitic ascomycetes each of which infects differing genera of fungi For example H lactifluorum attacks mushrooms of the family Russulaceae H copletus and H transformans infect Suillus species H melanocarpus prefers Tylopilus species while other Hypomyces have a much broader host range 5 Description Edit Ascus and spores The bolete eater infects boletes initially with a thin whitish layer which then becomes golden and finally a reddish brown pimpled appearance The bolete s flesh softens and is putrescent by the third stage Single or multiple boletes may be infected members of Paxillus and Rhizopogon are also attacked 3 The spores are oval shaped and smooth in the white stage and measure 10 30 by 5 12 mm and are warty round and thicker walled in the yellow stage and are 10 25 mm in diameter These two stages are asexual while the final stage is sexual here the spores are spindle shaped and measure 25 30 by 5 6 mm 3 Distribution and habitat EditHypomyces chrysospermus is found in North America 3 and Europe where it is common 4 It is common in the southwest of Western Australia where it is found in forest and coastal plant communities 6 It is also found in the Eastern Chinese provinces of Hebei Jiangsu Anhui and Fujian 2 Usage EditAs mentioned earlier H chrysospermus is not edible and may be poisonous 3 4 The bolete eater is used in Chinese herbal medicine to stop and heal external bleeding primarily through direct topical application of the spore onto open wounds or cuts 2 References Edit Hypomyces chrysospermus Tul amp C Tul 1860 MycoBank International Mycological Association Retrieved 2011 07 01 a b c Ying Jianzhe 1987 Icons of medicinal fungi from China Beijing China Science Press pp 575 page 545 ISBN 9787030001955 a b c d e Arora David 1986 Mushrooms demystified a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi 2nd ed Berkeley Ten Speed Press p 883 ISBN 0 89815 169 4 a b c Roger Phillips 2006 Mushrooms Pan MacMillan p 352 ISBN 0 330 44237 6 Douhan GW Rizzo DM 2003 Host parasite relationships among bolete infecting Hypomyces species Mycological Research 107 Pt 11 1342 49 doi 10 1017 S0953756203008542 PMID 15000236 Robinson Richard 2003 Fungi of the South West Forests Perth Western Australia Department of Conservation and land Management pp 68 69 ISBN 0 7307 5528 2 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hypomyces chrysospermus amp oldid 1128519164, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
