Hyesan (Korean pronunciation: [he.san]) is a city in the northern part of Ryanggang province of North Korea. It is a hub of river transportation as well as a product distribution centre. It is also the administrative centre of Ryanggang Province. As of 2008, the population of the city is 192,680.
Around the 1940s, this city included the nearby Paektu Mountains. However, due to several changes, the area of this city was reduced, and now it only includes the nearby Yalu River.
Due to the reunification matter with South Korea, this city is claimed by South Korea, following the boundaries of 1940s, not the one edited by North Korea. Therefore, according to South Korea, Hyesan still includes the nearby Paektu Mountains.
South Korea has a conflict with the People's Republic of China because of the Baekdu Mountains. The mountain is actually divided in two: the south parts are ruled by North Korea while the north parts are ruled by the PRC. However, South Korea still claims the northern parts. It is not officially claimed, but on maps printed by South Korea, it is de facto claimed. The Republic of China claims the entire mountain.
Hyesan has lumber processing mills, paper mills and textile mills. Since the North Korean economic crisis that intensified in the mid-1990s, the city has suffered from economic stagnation, and some factories in the city have closed. Reports and pictures taken from the Chinese side of the river show a "Ghost City": there is almost no movement in the streets, and at night the city is dark and doesn't have electricity. Residents of the city reputedly wash their clothes in the river because homes have no running water.
First explored in the 1960s, Hyesan Mine produces 10,000 tons of copper concentrates annually. This area has 80% of North Korea's available copper, and the North had estimated that it will be able to continue mining copper there for the next forty years. When Kapsan Tongjum Mine, explored during the Japanese colonial period, was finally depleted and closed in 1990, Hyesan Mine became the lifeline of the nation's copper production. At that time, the mine flooded because the pumping device stopped operating due to the lack of electricity across the country. Although the workers at the mine did their best to pump the water, they could not stop the water flowing into the mine at a speed of 480m3/hour. In 1996, during the North's 'Arduous March', electricity was not provided to the mine, leading to flooding in the mineshafts in January 1997. Hyesan Mine flooded again, as did other mines throughout the country, and lost all mining facilities. Since 1998, Kim Jong Il budgeted 8.2 million USD to dewater the mine, and the mine was recovered using electricity and equipment provided by China.
Hyesan allegedly[by whom?] has a trolleybus system, though its actual existence is unknown.[3]
Education
Schools in Hyesan include Hyesan High School and Hyesan Girls' School. Higher education institutions include the Hyesan Medical University, the Hyesan University of Agriculture and Forestry, Kim Jŏng-suk College of Education, the Hyesan College of Light Engineering, and the Hyesan University of Industry.
The countryside near Hyesan has various attractions, including the Kwaegung Pavilion, Naegŏk Hot Spring and Mount Paektu.
Notable people
Yeonmi Park (b. 1993), activist and defector, escaped North Korea in 2007.
Lee Hyeon-seo (b. 1980), activist and defector, escaped North Korea in 1997.
^"2008 Population Census of DPR Korea" (PDF). Central Bureau of Statistics, DPR Korea. 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
^"30 years report of Meteorological Observations in North Korea (1991-2020)" (PDF) (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. pp. 203, 273, and 343. (PDF) from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
^"발전하는 교통문화⑥ 궤도 전차와 무궤도 전차 (편)". 통일뉴스 (in Korean). 2018-05-21. Retrieved 2021-02-22.
Further reading
Dormels, Rainer. North Korea's Cities: Industrial facilities, internal structures and typification. Jimoondang, 2014. ISBN978-89-6297-167-5
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hyesan.
, (North Korea Google Earth) see most of Hyesan's political and industrial infrastructure on Google Earth.
hyesan, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, december, 2015, lea. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Hyesan news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message Hyesan Korean pronunciation he san is a city in the northern part of Ryanggang province of North Korea It is a hub of river transportation as well as a product distribution centre It is also the administrative centre of Ryanggang Province As of 2008 the population of the city is 192 680 Hyesan 혜산시Municipal CityKorean transcription s Chosŏn gŭl혜산시 Hancha惠山市 McCune ReischauerHyesan si Revised RomanizationHyesan siDowntown Hyesan in September 2013Map of Ryanggang showing the location of HyesanHyesanLocation within North KoreaCoordinates 41 24 N 128 11 E 41 400 N 128 183 E 41 400 128 183 Coordinates 41 24 N 128 11 E 41 400 N 128 183 E 41 400 128 183Country North KoreaProvinceRyanggangAdministrative divisions25 tong 4 riArea Total277 km2 107 sq mi Population 2008 1 Total192 680 Density700 km2 1 800 sq mi DialectHamgyŏngTime zoneUTC 9 Pyongyang Time Contents 1 Area 2 Geography 2 1 Climate 3 Administrative divisions 4 Economy 5 Transportation 6 Education 7 Notable people 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External linksArea EditAround the 1940s this city included the nearby Paektu Mountains However due to several changes the area of this city was reduced and now it only includes the nearby Yalu River Due to the reunification matter with South Korea this city is claimed by South Korea following the boundaries of 1940s not the one edited by North Korea Therefore according to South Korea Hyesan still includes the nearby Paektu Mountains South Korea has a conflict with the People s Republic of China because of the Baekdu Mountains The mountain is actually divided in two the south parts are ruled by North Korea while the north parts are ruled by the PRC However South Korea still claims the northern parts It is not officially claimed but on maps printed by South Korea it is de facto claimed The Republic of China claims the entire mountain Geography EditThe city is located in the Paektu Mountains at the border with the People s Republic of China Jilin province from which it is separated by the Yalu Amrok River Changbai is the closest Chinese city across the river Climate Edit Hyesan has an elevation influenced humid continental climate Koppen climate classification Dwb It is located in the coldest area of Korea which holds a record low temperature of 42 C or 43 6 F in 1915 Climate data for Hyesan 1991 2020 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearAverage high C F 8 18 2 8 27 0 4 5 40 1 13 6 56 5 20 8 69 4 25 1 77 2 27 7 81 9 27 0 80 6 21 9 71 4 14 2 57 6 2 9 37 2 6 3 20 7 11 7 53 1 Daily mean C F 15 9 3 4 11 2 11 8 2 7 27 1 6 0 42 8 12 8 55 0 17 5 63 5 21 1 70 0 20 3 68 5 13 8 56 8 5 8 42 4 4 25 13 2 8 2 4 2 39 6 Average low C F 22 2 8 0 18 5 1 3 9 5 14 9 1 1 30 0 5 7 42 3 11 4 52 5 16 0 60 8 15 4 59 7 7 6 45 7 0 7 30 7 9 6 14 7 19 1 2 4 2 1 28 2 Average precipitation mm inches 5 0 0 20 9 1 0 36 11 6 0 46 30 0 1 18 62 4 2 46 86 8 3 42 135 2 5 32 112 9 4 44 48 9 1 93 27 7 1 09 19 6 0 77 9 8 0 39 559 0 22 01 Average precipitation days 0 1 mm 5 2 4 4 6 1 8 4 12 2 13 8 13 8 12 2 6 9 6 4 6 8 6 5 102 7Average snowy days 10 9 9 4 10 5 5 9 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 9 9 13 2 63 0Average relative humidity 73 3 68 6 63 2 59 6 61 1 69 8 75 3 77 0 72 8 65 9 72 2 74 2 69 4Source Korea Meteorological Administration 2 Administrative divisions EditHyesan City is divided into 25 tong neighbourhoods and 4 ri villages Ch un dong 춘동 Hyegang dong 혜강동 Hyehŭng dong 혜흥동 Hyehwa dong 혜화동 Hyejang dong 혜장동 Hyemyŏng dong 혜명동 Hyesan dong 혜산동 Hyesin dong 혜신동 Hyet an dong 혜탄동 Kangan dong 강안동 Kanggu dong 강구동 Kŏmsan dong 검산동 Masan 1 dong 마산1동 Masan 2 dong 마산2동 Ryŏnbong 1 dong 련봉1동 Ryŏnbong 2 dong 련봉2동 Ryŏndu dong 련두동 Sinhŭng dong 신흥동 Songbong 1 dong 송봉1동 Songbong 2 dong 송봉2동 Sŏnghu dong 성후동 T apsŏng dong 탑성동 Wiyŏn dong 위연동 Yŏnhŭng dong 영흥동 Yŏnp ung dong 연풍동 Changal li 장안리 Rojung ri 로중리 Sinjang ri 신장리 Unch ong ri 운총리 Economy EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed February 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Hyesan has lumber processing mills paper mills and textile mills Since the North Korean economic crisis that intensified in the mid 1990s the city has suffered from economic stagnation and some factories in the city have closed Reports and pictures taken from the Chinese side of the river show a Ghost City there is almost no movement in the streets and at night the city is dark and doesn t have electricity Residents of the city reputedly wash their clothes in the river because homes have no running water First explored in the 1960s Hyesan Mine produces 10 000 tons of copper concentrates annually This area has 80 of North Korea s available copper and the North had estimated that it will be able to continue mining copper there for the next forty years When Kapsan Tongjum Mine explored during the Japanese colonial period was finally depleted and closed in 1990 Hyesan Mine became the lifeline of the nation s copper production At that time the mine flooded because the pumping device stopped operating due to the lack of electricity across the country Although the workers at the mine did their best to pump the water they could not stop the water flowing into the mine at a speed of 480m3 hour In 1996 during the North s Arduous March electricity was not provided to the mine leading to flooding in the mineshafts in January 1997 Hyesan Mine flooded again as did other mines throughout the country and lost all mining facilities Since 1998 Kim Jong Il budgeted 8 2 million USD to dewater the mine and the mine was recovered using electricity and equipment provided by China Transportation EditHyesan is connected to other cities in North Korea by road and by the Paektusan Ch ŏngnyŏn and Pukbunaeryuk lines of the Korean State Railway Hyesan allegedly by whom has a trolleybus system though its actual existence is unknown 3 Education EditSchools in Hyesan include Hyesan High School and Hyesan Girls School Higher education institutions include the Hyesan Medical University the Hyesan University of Agriculture and Forestry Kim Jŏng suk College of Education the Hyesan College of Light Engineering and the Hyesan University of Industry The countryside near Hyesan has various attractions including the Kwaegung Pavilion Naegŏk Hot Spring and Mount Paektu Notable people EditYeonmi Park b 1993 activist and defector escaped North Korea in 2007 Lee Hyeon seo b 1980 activist and defector escaped North Korea in 1997 See also Edit North Korea portalList of cities in North Korea Administrative divisions of North Korea Changbai Hyesan International BridgeReferences Edit 2008 Population Census of DPR Korea PDF Central Bureau of Statistics DPR Korea 2009 Retrieved July 22 2017 30 years report of Meteorological Observations in North Korea 1991 2020 PDF in Korean Korea Meteorological Administration pp 203 273 and 343 Archived PDF from the original on 29 January 2022 Retrieved 23 March 2022 발전하는 교통문화 궤도 전차와 무궤도 전차 편 통일뉴스 in Korean 2018 05 21 Retrieved 2021 02 22 Further reading EditDormels Rainer North Korea s Cities Industrial facilities internal structures and typification Jimoondang 2014 ISBN 978 89 6297 167 5External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hyesan North Korea Uncovered North Korea Google Earth see most of Hyesan s political and industrial infrastructure on Google Earth Maps and satellite images of Hyesan Airfield City profile of Hyesan Archived 2016 03 09 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hyesan amp oldid 1129037736, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
