Tetrosomus gibbosus, commonly called camel cowfish because of the hump on its dorsal keel, is one of 22 species in the boxfish family, Ostraciidae.[2] It is a ray finned fish. Other common names include helmet cowfish, humpback turretfish and thornbacked boxfish. It is most closely related to T. reipublicae, the smallspine turretfish.[3]T. gibbosus is a species of boxfish found in the wide Indo-West Pacific. It has been recorded since 1988 on rare occasions in the Levantine waters of the Mediterranean Sea, likely following entry via the Suez Canal.[4] It is the first species from the family Ostraciidae to be found in the Mediterranean Sea.[5]
T. gibbosus is normally around 20 centimetres (7.9 in) long when it is fully grown, but can reach up to 30 centimetres (12 in) in length.[7] Fish in the genus Tetrosomus are characterized by the presence of a carapace, a hard upper shell formed by thick scale plates.[3] The body is completely encased in this bony shell, except for a few small openings such as the mouth, eyes, and gills.[8] The mouth is small with fleshy lips and conical teeth usually numbering less than 15.[8]
Biologyedit
T. gibbosus has poisonous flesh, organs, and spines, and is known to secret poisonous mucus in defense or when it is disturbed.[7] This poison can be fatal to humans or other marine organisms that come into contact with it.[7]T. gibbosus is hermaphroditic; all individuals of this species are born female, but some may change into males as they grow.[7] Juveniles live together in small schools, but individuals become solitary as they mature into adulthood.[7]T. gibbosus is an omnivorous species, and its diet is known to include seaweeds, sponges, molluscs, worms, and crustaceans found on the bottom of its habitat.[7]
Distribution and habitatedit
T. gibbosus lives in shallow tropical waters or warm seas with muddy bottoms and can sometimes be seen near shallow seagrass beds.[9][8] It is also found in coral reefs.[10] It is considered an endangered species in the South China Sea.[10]
Lessepsian migrationedit
A Lessepsian migration refers to the migration of a marine species from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea, facilitated by the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. A species is considered Lessepsian when it has completed this migration and established a population. T. gibbosus was first found in the Mediterranean Sea in 1988.[11] Both the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea have similar salinity levels and temperature ranges, which allows for an easier transition between of these bodies of water.[12][5] It is thought that Lessepsian species migrated due to changing climates, since the geographic land barrier was removed when the Suez Canal was completed.[11]T. gibbosus is now considered an invasive species in the Mediterranean Sea, as this is not included in its native distribution.[11] It is also considered an established species because it has established a growing population and has been found in multiple locations.[12] It is the first species from the family Ostraciidae to be found in the Mediterranean Sea.[5] Due to its inability to swim long distances, T. gibbosus likely took multiple generations to migrate from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea; this is thought to have happened, in part, from northward currents moving eggs and larvae north towards the Mediterranean Sea.[5]
Referencesedit
^Matsuura, K. (2010). "Tetrosomus gibbosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T154933A4671390. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T154933A4671390.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
^Matsuura, Keiichi (11 November 2014). "Taxonomy and systematics of tetraodontiform fishes: a review focusing primarily on progress in the period from 1980 to 2014". Ichthyological Research. 62 (1): 72–113. doi:10.1007/s10228-014-0444-5.
^ abSantini, Francesco; Sorenson, Laurie; Marcroft, Tina; Dornburg, Alex; Alfaro, Michael E. (January 2013). "A multilocus molecular phylogeny of boxfishes (Aracanidae, Ostraciidae; Tetraodontiformes)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 66 (1): 153–160. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.09.022. PMID 23036494.
Foka, Maria; Economidis, Panos (2007). "Allochthonous and vagrant ichthyofauna in Hellenic marine and estuarine waters". Mediterranean Marine Science. 8. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research: 67–90. doi:10.12681/MMS.163. eISSN 1108-393X. ISSN 1791-6763. S2CID 83666960.
This review cites this research.
Spanier, E.; Goren, M. (May 1988). "An Indo-Pacific trunkfish Tetrosomus gibbosus (Linnaeus): first record of the family Ostracionidae in the Mediterranean". Journal of Fish Biology. 32 (5): 797–798. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1988.tb05420.x. S2CID 84396752.
^"Saltwater Aquarium Fish for Marine Aquariums: Helmet Cowfish". www.liveaquaria.com. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
^ abcMatsuura, Keiichi (11 November 2014). "Taxonomy and systematics of tetraodontiform fishes: a review focusing primarily on progress in the period from 1980 to 2014". Ichthyological Research. 62 (1): 72–113. doi:10.1007/s10228-014-0444-5.
^Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2015). "Tetrosomus gibbosus" in FishBase. April 2015 version.
^ abArai, Takaomi (12 September 2014). "Diversity and conservation of coral reef fishes in the Malaysian South China Sea". Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries. 25 (1): 85–101. doi:10.1007/s11160-014-9371-9. S2CID 14711917.
^ abcBen Rais Lasram, Frida; Mouillot, David (27 May 2008). "Increasing southern invasion enhances congruence between endemic and exotic Mediterranean fish fauna". Biological Invasions. 11 (3): 697–711. doi:10.1007/s10530-008-9284-4. S2CID 24327290.
^ abMavruk, Sinan; Avsar, Dursun (14 August 2007). "Non-native fishes in the Mediterranean from the Red Sea, by way of the Suez Canal". Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries. 18 (3): 251–262. doi:10.1007/s11160-007-9073-7. S2CID 43648595.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tetrosomus gibbosus.
Wikispecies has information related to Tetrosomus gibbosus.
Humpback Turretfish @ Fishes of Australia
January 01, 1970
tetrosomus, gibbosus, commonly, called, camel, cowfish, because, hump, dorsal, keel, species, boxfish, family, ostraciidae, finned, fish, other, common, names, include, helmet, cowfish, humpback, turretfish, thornbacked, boxfish, most, closely, related, reipub. Tetrosomus gibbosus commonly called camel cowfish because of the hump on its dorsal keel is one of 22 species in the boxfish family Ostraciidae 2 It is a ray finned fish Other common names include helmet cowfish humpback turretfish and thornbacked boxfish It is most closely related to T reipublicae the smallspine turretfish 3 T gibbosus is a species of boxfish found in the wide Indo West Pacific It has been recorded since 1988 on rare occasions in the Levantine waters of the Mediterranean Sea likely following entry via the Suez Canal 4 It is the first species from the family Ostraciidae to be found in the Mediterranean Sea 5 Camel cowfish Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Actinopterygii Order Tetraodontiformes Family Ostraciidae Genus Tetrosomus Species T gibbosus Binomial name Tetrosomus gibbosus Linnaeus 1758 It carries some value in the aquarium trade but is difficult to keep 6 Contents 1 Description 2 Biology 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Lessepsian migration 5 References 6 External linksDescription edit nbsp T gibbosus is normally around 20 centimetres 7 9 in long when it is fully grown but can reach up to 30 centimetres 12 in in length 7 Fish in the genus Tetrosomus are characterized by the presence of a carapace a hard upper shell formed by thick scale plates 3 The body is completely encased in this bony shell except for a few small openings such as the mouth eyes and gills 8 The mouth is small with fleshy lips and conical teeth usually numbering less than 15 8 Biology editT gibbosus has poisonous flesh organs and spines and is known to secret poisonous mucus in defense or when it is disturbed 7 This poison can be fatal to humans or other marine organisms that come into contact with it 7 T gibbosus is hermaphroditic all individuals of this species are born female but some may change into males as they grow 7 Juveniles live together in small schools but individuals become solitary as they mature into adulthood 7 T gibbosus is an omnivorous species and its diet is known to include seaweeds sponges molluscs worms and crustaceans found on the bottom of its habitat 7 Distribution and habitat editT gibbosus lives in shallow tropical waters or warm seas with muddy bottoms and can sometimes be seen near shallow seagrass beds 9 8 It is also found in coral reefs 10 It is considered an endangered species in the South China Sea 10 Lessepsian migration editA Lessepsian migration refers to the migration of a marine species from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea facilitated by the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 A species is considered Lessepsian when it has completed this migration and established a population T gibbosus was first found in the Mediterranean Sea in 1988 11 Both the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea have similar salinity levels and temperature ranges which allows for an easier transition between of these bodies of water 12 5 It is thought that Lessepsian species migrated due to changing climates since the geographic land barrier was removed when the Suez Canal was completed 11 T gibbosus is now considered an invasive species in the Mediterranean Sea as this is not included in its native distribution 11 It is also considered an established species because it has established a growing population and has been found in multiple locations 12 It is the first species from the family Ostraciidae to be found in the Mediterranean Sea 5 Due to its inability to swim long distances T gibbosus likely took multiple generations to migrate from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea this is thought to have happened in part from northward currents moving eggs and larvae north towards the Mediterranean Sea 5 References edit Matsuura K 2010 Tetrosomus gibbosus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010 e T154933A4671390 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2010 4 RLTS T154933A4671390 en Retrieved 11 November 2021 Matsuura Keiichi 11 November 2014 Taxonomy and systematics of tetraodontiform fishes a review focusing primarily on progress in the period from 1980 to 2014 Ichthyological Research 62 1 72 113 doi 10 1007 s10228 014 0444 5 a b Santini Francesco Sorenson Laurie Marcroft Tina Dornburg Alex Alfaro Michael E January 2013 A multilocus molecular phylogeny of boxfishes Aracanidae Ostraciidae Tetraodontiformes Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66 1 153 160 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2012 09 022 PMID 23036494 Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea Tetrosomus gibbosus 2nd Edition 2021 366p CIESM Publishers Paris Monaco https ciesm org atlas fishes 2nd edition Tetrosomus gibbosus pdf a b c d Foka Maria Economidis Panos 2007 Allochthonous and vagrant ichthyofauna in Hellenic marine and estuarine waters Mediterranean Marine Science 8 Hellenic Centre for Marine Research 67 90 doi 10 12681 MMS 163 eISSN 1108 393X ISSN 1791 6763 S2CID 83666960 This review cites this research Spanier E Goren M May 1988 An Indo Pacific trunkfish Tetrosomus gibbosus Linnaeus first record of the family Ostracionidae in the Mediterranean Journal of Fish Biology 32 5 797 798 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8649 1988 tb05420 x S2CID 84396752 Saltwater Aquarium Fish for Marine Aquariums Helmet Cowfish www liveaquaria com Retrieved 2019 04 26 a b c d e f Ketabi Ramin Jamili Shahla Tetrosomus gibbosus Linnaeus 1758 aquaticcommons org a b c Matsuura Keiichi 11 November 2014 Taxonomy and systematics of tetraodontiform fishes a review focusing primarily on progress in the period from 1980 to 2014 Ichthyological Research 62 1 72 113 doi 10 1007 s10228 014 0444 5 Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2015 Tetrosomus gibbosus in FishBase April 2015 version a b Arai Takaomi 12 September 2014 Diversity and conservation of coral reef fishes in the Malaysian South China Sea Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 25 1 85 101 doi 10 1007 s11160 014 9371 9 S2CID 14711917 a b c Ben Rais Lasram Frida Mouillot David 27 May 2008 Increasing southern invasion enhances congruence between endemic and exotic Mediterranean fish fauna Biological Invasions 11 3 697 711 doi 10 1007 s10530 008 9284 4 S2CID 24327290 a b Mavruk Sinan Avsar Dursun 14 August 2007 Non native fishes in the Mediterranean from the Red Sea by way of the Suez Canal Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 18 3 251 262 doi 10 1007 s11160 007 9073 7 S2CID 43648595 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tetrosomus gibbosus nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Tetrosomus gibbosus Humpback Turretfish Fishes of Australia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tetrosomus gibbosus amp oldid 1192118797, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
