fbpx
Wikipedia

Human rights in Kenya

December 15, 2023

Human rights in Kenya internationally maintain a variety of mixed opinions; specifically, political freedoms are highlighted as being poor and homosexuality remains a crime. In the Freedom in the World index for 2017, Kenya held a rating of '4' for civil liberties and political freedoms, in which a scale of "1" (most free) to "7" (least free) is practised.[1]

History edit

Kenyatta (1964 – 1978) edit

During the first post-independence presidency of Kenya, under President Jomo Kenyatta, state security forces harassed dissidents and were suspected of complicity in several murders of prominent personalities deemed as threats to his regime, including Pio Gama Pinto, Tom Mboya and J.M. Kariuki.[2] MP and Lawyer C.M.G. Argwings-Kodhek and former Kadu Leader and minister Ronald Ngala also died, in suspicious car accidents.[citation needed]

Moi (1978–2002) edit

The Daniel arap Moi administration consistently received international criticism of its record on human rights.[3] Under Moi, security forces regularly subjected opposition leaders and pro-democracy activists to arbitrary arrest, detention without trial, abuse in custody, and deadly force.[3]

International aid donors and governments such as the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Norway periodically broke off diplomatic relations and suspended aid allocations, pending human rights improvement.[3]

Kibaki (since 2002) edit

Since 2002, under the Mwai Kibaki presidency, politically motivated human rights violations have diminished, but other serious human rights abuses persist, a great many at the hands of security forces, particularly the police.[3] The police force is widely viewed as the most corrupt entity in the country, given to extorting bribes, complicity in criminal activity, and using excessive force against both criminal suspects and crowds.[3] Most police who commit abuses still do so with impunity.[3] Prison conditions remain life-threatening.[3]

Apart from police and penal system abuses, infringements of rights in the course of legal proceedings are widespread, despite recent pressure on judicial personnel.[3] Freedom of speech and of the press continue to be compromised through various forms of harassment of journalists and activists[clarification needed].[3] Violence and discrimination against women are rife.[3] The abuse of children, including in forced labor and prostitution, is a serious problem.[3] Female genital mutilation (FGM) remains widespread, despite 2001 legislation against it for girls under 16.[3] The abuse of women and girls, including early marriage and wife inheritance, is a factor in the spread of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS).[3]

Kenya made some progress in 2003, when it set up a national human rights institution, the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR), with a mandate to ensure Kenya's compliance with international human rights standards.[3] Also, parliament passed the Children's Act to ensure the protection of minors, as well as the Disability Act, outlawing discrimination against the disabled.[3]

In November 2005 the Kenyan government banned rallies of opposition parties, rejecting calls for new elections. Vice President Moody Awori stated:

The government considers these calls for nationwide rallies inappropriate and a threat to national security ...
Accordingly, the government will not allow the planned rallies and wananchi (citizens) are cautioned not to attend the meetings.

On 3 June 2007, two days after President Mwai Kibaki stated that Mungiki members "should expect no mercy", about 300 Mungiki members were arrested and at least 20 killed.[4] John Michuki, at the time Minister for Internal Security, publicly stated following the killings, "We will pulverize and finish them off. Even those arrested over the recent killings, I cannot tell you where they are today. What you will certainly hear is that so and so's burial is tomorrow".[4][5] In the KNCHR's Cry of Blood – Report on Extra-Judicial Killings and Disappearances published in September 2008,[4] the KNCHR reported these in their key finding "e)", stating that the forced disappearances and extrajudicial killings appeared to be official policy.[4]

In The Cry of Blood report, the KNCHR's first key finding "a)" was that "the evidence gathered by the KNCHR establishes patterns of conduct by the Kenya Police that may constitute crimes against humanity.[4]

On 5 March 2009, two of the human rights investigators involved in the investigations documented in the report, Oscar Kamau Kingara and John Paul Oulu, were assassinated.[6][7] Their assassinations were attributed by non-governmental organisations to the security forces.[7][8]

In 2009 and 2010, Samburu people suffered severe human rights violations.[9]

Historical situation edit

The following chart shows Kenya's ratings since 1972 in the Freedom in the World reports, published annually by Freedom House. A rating of 1 is "free"; 7, "not free".[10]1

International treaties edit

Kenya's stances on international human rights treaties are as follows:

Press freedom edit

Under British rule edit

The seeds of the press, and media in general, were planted by English missionaries colonizing Kenya. The basic function of the publications, such as The Taveta Chronicle, Leader, and Uganda Mail[31] was to disseminate British news and create a sense of legitimacy for the English missionaries.[32] These practices continued with the introduction of the radio in 1928. However, press rights for native Kenyans were severely limited. Any opportunities for native Kenyans to access the press were used to make pleas for their freedom from colonial rule.[31]

After independence edit

Individual press freedoms for the citizens of Kenya were still rather limited after they gained Independence. The new Kenyan government took control of most forms of the media in order to spread their vision of Kenyan ideals. However, at this time privately owned newspapers, such as the Standard[33] emerged, although these private entities were still subject to governmental control and censorship.[31]

2010 Constitution edit

The newest Constitution of the Kenyan government for the first time fully enumerated some individual rights to expression and information.[34] However, there is a lack of unilateral freedom of expression for Kenyan citizens. Amongst the most notable omissions from the enumerated rights is the right to express propaganda for war or an incitement of violence.[34] Moreover, the Kenyan government still retains some control over the spread of dissenting ideas during wartime.[35] In the realm of media specifically, the Constitution prohibits the government from interfering with the spread of truthful information or with any individual's right to access to that information. The government nonetheless sets standards for media content and regulates the enforcement of those rules.[34]

Present-day press rights edit

The Kenyan government, however, did not intend to staunchly adhere to these new mandates of the constitution. As recently as 2013, Kenyan policymakers amended previous laws to limit certain media coverage of terrorist attacks and attempted to suppress the reporting of the deteriorating safety in Kenya. The amendment to the Kenya Information and Communication Act works to stifle efforts of publications that put forth critical perspectives of the Kenyan government.[36] Although there have been some governmental efforts to enhance the press freedoms of Kenyan citizens, such as The Media Council Bill of 2013 which created a governmental body that would promote and protect the freedom of the media,[37] the enforcement of the act did more harm than good in promoting press freedoms.[36] According to an independent study conducted by Freedom House, Kenya's press rights are considered to be somewhat comprehensive.[38] The press is only considered "partly free" largely because of the governmental efforts to enact laws that grant more control over media and publications.[36] Moreover, previous laws, such as the Preservation of Public Security Act, which give the government the right to declare any information to be a security threat and censor that information,[39] are still in effect and have yet to be repealed or amended.

See also edit

Notes edit

1.^ Note that the "Year" signifies the "Year covered". Therefore the information for the year marked 2008 is from the report published in 2009, and so on.
2.^ As of 1 January.
3.^ The 1982 report covers the year 1981 and the first half of 1982, and the following 1984 report covers the second half of 1982 and the whole of 1983. In the interest of simplicity, these two aberrant "year and a half" reports have been split into three-year-long reports through interpolation.

References edit

  1. ^ "Freedom in the World 2017" (PDF). Freedom House. 31 January 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  2. ^ [1] Archived 1 May 2005 at archive.today
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Country Profile: Kenya" (PDF). Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. June 2007. Retrieved 5 November 2020.   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  4. ^ a b c d e (PDF). Kenya National Commission on Human Rights/Enforced Disappearances Information Exchange Center. 25 September 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 December 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  5. ^ Untranslated original: Tutawanyorosha na tutawamaliza. Hata wenye wameshikwa kwa kuhusiana na mauaji ya hivi majuzi, siwezi nikakwambia wako wapi leo. Nyinyi tu mtakuwa mkisikia mazishi ya fulani ni ya kesho. See Cry of Blood reference.
  6. ^ WikiLeaks (2 June 2009). . WikiLeaks. Archived from the original on 28 December 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  7. ^ a b McConnell, Tristan (7 March 2009). "Rights activist Oscar Kamau Kingara shot dead in central Nairobi". The Times. from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 2 April 2009.
  8. ^ "Wikileaks writers killed in Kenya". Hawai`i Free Press/WikiLeaks. 9 March 2009. from the original on 25 December 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  9. ^ Palmer, Paula; Chris Allan (20 April 2010). (PDF). Cultural Survival. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
  10. ^ Freedom House (2012). "Country ratings and status, FIW 1973-2012" (XLS). Retrieved 22 August 2012.
  11. ^ United Nations. . Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  12. ^ United Nations. . Archived from the original on 11 February 2011. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  13. ^ United Nations. . Archived from the original on 17 September 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  14. ^ United Nations. . Archived from the original on 1 September 2010. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  15. ^ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 5. Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York, 16 December 1966". Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  16. ^ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 6. Convention on the non-applicability of statutory limitations to war crimes and crimes against humanity. New York, 26 November 1968". Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  17. ^ United Nations. . Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  18. ^ United Nations. . Archived from the original on 23 August 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  19. ^ United Nations. . Archived from the original on 8 November 2010. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  20. ^ United Nations. . Archived from the original on 11 February 2014. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  21. ^ United Nations. . Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  22. ^ United Nations. . Archived from the original on 25 August 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  23. ^ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 8b. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. New York, 6 October 1999". Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  24. ^ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11b. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. New York, 25 May 2000". Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  25. ^ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11c. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. New York, 25 May 2000". Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  26. ^ United Nations. . Archived from the original on 19 August 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  27. ^ United Nations. . Archived from the original on 13 January 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  28. ^ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 16. International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance. New York, 20 December 2006". Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  29. ^ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 3a. Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. New York, 10 December 2008". Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  30. ^ United Nations. . Archived from the original on 25 August 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  31. ^ a b c Omolo Ochilo, Polycarp (1993). "Press Freedom and the Role of Media in Kenya". Africa Media Review. 7 (3).
  32. ^ Mungeam, G.H. (1966). British Rule in Kenya, 1895-1912: The Establishment of Administration in the East Africa Protectorate. Oxford: Clarendon P.
  33. ^ "The Standard".
  34. ^ a b c (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
  35. ^ "Kenya Information and Communications (Amendment) Act, 2013" (PDF).
  36. ^ a b c "Kenya parliament passes draconian media laws". Committee to Protect Journalists. 5 December 2013.
  37. ^ "Kenya Media Council Bill, 2013" (PDF).
  38. ^ "Kenya". Freedom House. 22 April 2015.
  39. ^ "Preservation of Public Safety". Kenya Law.[permanent dead link]

External links edit

December 15, 2023
human, rights, kenya, internationally, maintain, variety, mixed, opinions, specifically, political, freedoms, highlighted, being, poor, homosexuality, remains, crime, freedom, world, index, 2017, kenya, held, rating, civil, liberties, political, freedoms, whic. Human rights in Kenya internationally maintain a variety of mixed opinions specifically political freedoms are highlighted as being poor and homosexuality remains a crime In the Freedom in the World index for 2017 Kenya held a rating of 4 for civil liberties and political freedoms in which a scale of 1 most free to 7 least free is practised 1 Contents 1 History 1 1 Kenyatta 1964 1978 1 2 Moi 1978 2002 1 3 Kibaki since 2002 2 Historical situation 3 International treaties 4 Press freedom 4 1 Under British rule 4 2 After independence 4 3 2010 Constitution 4 4 Present day press rights 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External linksHistory editKenyatta 1964 1978 edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it December 2010 During the first post independence presidency of Kenya under President Jomo Kenyatta state security forces harassed dissidents and were suspected of complicity in several murders of prominent personalities deemed as threats to his regime including Pio Gama Pinto Tom Mboya and J M Kariuki 2 MP and Lawyer C M G Argwings Kodhek and former Kadu Leader and minister Ronald Ngala also died in suspicious car accidents citation needed Moi 1978 2002 edit The Daniel arap Moi administration consistently received international criticism of its record on human rights 3 Under Moi security forces regularly subjected opposition leaders and pro democracy activists to arbitrary arrest detention without trial abuse in custody and deadly force 3 International aid donors and governments such as the United States Germany the United Kingdom and Norway periodically broke off diplomatic relations and suspended aid allocations pending human rights improvement 3 Kibaki since 2002 edit Since 2002 under the Mwai Kibaki presidency politically motivated human rights violations have diminished but other serious human rights abuses persist a great many at the hands of security forces particularly the police 3 The police force is widely viewed as the most corrupt entity in the country given to extorting bribes complicity in criminal activity and using excessive force against both criminal suspects and crowds 3 Most police who commit abuses still do so with impunity 3 Prison conditions remain life threatening 3 Apart from police and penal system abuses infringements of rights in the course of legal proceedings are widespread despite recent pressure on judicial personnel 3 Freedom of speech and of the press continue to be compromised through various forms of harassment of journalists and activists clarification needed 3 Violence and discrimination against women are rife 3 The abuse of children including in forced labor and prostitution is a serious problem 3 Female genital mutilation FGM remains widespread despite 2001 legislation against it for girls under 16 3 The abuse of women and girls including early marriage and wife inheritance is a factor in the spread of human immunodeficiency virus acquired immune deficiency syndrome HIV AIDS 3 Kenya made some progress in 2003 when it set up a national human rights institution the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights KNCHR with a mandate to ensure Kenya s compliance with international human rights standards 3 Also parliament passed the Children s Act to ensure the protection of minors as well as the Disability Act outlawing discrimination against the disabled 3 In November 2005 the Kenyan government banned rallies of opposition parties rejecting calls for new elections Vice President Moody Awori stated The government considers these calls for nationwide rallies inappropriate and a threat to national security Accordingly the government will not allow the planned rallies and wananchi citizens are cautioned not to attend the meetings On 3 June 2007 two days after President Mwai Kibaki stated that Mungiki members should expect no mercy about 300 Mungiki members were arrested and at least 20 killed 4 John Michuki at the time Minister for Internal Security publicly stated following the killings We will pulverize and finish them off Even those arrested over the recent killings I cannot tell you where they are today What you will certainly hear is that so and so s burial is tomorrow 4 5 In the KNCHR s Cry of Blood Report on Extra Judicial Killings and Disappearances published in September 2008 4 the KNCHR reported these in their key finding e stating that the forced disappearances and extrajudicial killings appeared to be official policy 4 In The Cry of Blood report the KNCHR s first key finding a was that the evidence gathered by the KNCHR establishes patterns of conduct by the Kenya Police that may constitute crimes against humanity 4 On 5 March 2009 two of the human rights investigators involved in the investigations documented in the report Oscar Kamau Kingara and John Paul Oulu were assassinated 6 7 Their assassinations were attributed by non governmental organisations to the security forces 7 8 In 2009 and 2010 Samburu people suffered severe human rights violations 9 Historical situation editThe following chart shows Kenya s ratings since 1972 in the Freedom in the World reports published annually by Freedom House A rating of 1 is free 7 not free 10 1 Historical ratingsYear Political Rights Civil Liberties Status President21972 5 4 Partly Free Jomo Kenyatta1973 5 4 Partly Free Jomo Kenyatta1974 5 4 Partly Free Jomo Kenyatta1975 5 5 Partly Free Jomo Kenyatta1976 5 5 Partly Free Jomo Kenyatta1977 5 5 Partly Free Jomo Kenyatta1978 5 4 Partly Free Daniel arap Moi1979 5 4 Partly Free Daniel arap Moi1980 5 4 Partly Free Daniel arap Moi1981 5 5 Partly Free Daniel arap Moi19823 5 5 Partly Free Daniel arap Moi1983 5 5 Partly Free Daniel arap Moi1984 6 5 Partly Free Daniel arap Moi1985 6 5 Partly Free Daniel arap Moi1986 6 5 Partly Free Daniel arap Moi1987 6 6 Not Free Daniel arap Moi1988 6 6 Not Free Daniel arap Moi1989 6 6 Not Free Daniel arap Moi1990 6 6 Not Free Daniel arap Moi1991 6 6 Not Free Daniel arap Moi1992 4 5 Partly Free Daniel arap Moi1993 5 6 Not Free Daniel arap Moi1994 6 6 Not Free Daniel arap Moi1995 7 6 Not Free Daniel arap Moi1996 7 6 Not Free Daniel arap Moi1997 6 6 Not Free Daniel arap Moi1998 6 5 Not Free Daniel arap Moi1999 6 5 Not Free Daniel arap Moi2000 6 5 Not Free Daniel arap Moi2001 6 5 Not Free Daniel arap Moi2002 4 4 Partly Free Mwai Kibaki2003 3 3 Partly Free Mwai Kibaki2004 3 3 Partly Free Mwai Kibaki2005 3 3 Partly Free Mwai Kibaki2006 3 3 Partly Free Mwai Kibaki2007 4 3 Partly Free Mwai Kibaki2008 4 3 Partly Free Mwai Kibaki2009 4 4 Partly Free Mwai Kibaki2010 4 3 Partly Free Mwai Kibaki2011 4 3 Partly Free Mwai Kibaki2012 4 4 Partly Free Mwai Kibaki2013 4 4 Partly Free Uhuru Kenyatta2014 4 4 Partly Free Uhuru Kenyatta2015 4 4 Partly Free Uhuru Kenyatta2016 4 4 Partly Free Uhuru Kenyatta2017 4 4 Partly Free Uhuru Kenyatta2018 4 4 Partly Free Uhuru Kenyatta2019 4 4 Partly Free Uhuru Kenyatta2020 4 4 Partly Free Uhuru Kenyatta2021 4 4 Partly Free Uhuru Kenyatta2022 4 4 Partly Free William RutoInternational treaties editKenya s stances on international human rights treaties are as follows International treatiesTreaty Organization Introduced Signed RatifiedConvention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide 11 United Nations 1948 International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination 12 United Nations 1966 2001International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights 13 United Nations 1966 1972International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 14 United Nations 1966 1972First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 15 United Nations 1966 Convention on the Non Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity 16 United Nations 1968 1972International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid 17 United Nations 1973 1974 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women 18 United Nations 1979 1984Convention against Torture and Other Cruel Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 19 United Nations 1984 1997Convention on the Rights of the Child 20 United Nations 1989 1990 1990Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights aiming at the abolition of the death penalty 21 United Nations 1989 International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families 22 United Nations 1990 Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women 23 United Nations 1999 Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict 24 United Nations 2000 2000 2002Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children Child Prostitution and Child Pornography 25 United Nations 2000 2000 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 26 United Nations 2006 2007 2008Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 27 United Nations 2006 International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance 28 United Nations 2006 2007 Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights 29 United Nations 2008 Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a Communications Procedure 30 United Nations 2011 Press freedom editUnder British rule edit The seeds of the press and media in general were planted by English missionaries colonizing Kenya The basic function of the publications such as The Taveta Chronicle Leader and Uganda Mail 31 was to disseminate British news and create a sense of legitimacy for the English missionaries 32 These practices continued with the introduction of the radio in 1928 However press rights for native Kenyans were severely limited Any opportunities for native Kenyans to access the press were used to make pleas for their freedom from colonial rule 31 After independence edit Individual press freedoms for the citizens of Kenya were still rather limited after they gained Independence The new Kenyan government took control of most forms of the media in order to spread their vision of Kenyan ideals However at this time privately owned newspapers such as the Standard 33 emerged although these private entities were still subject to governmental control and censorship 31 2010 Constitution edit The newest Constitution of the Kenyan government for the first time fully enumerated some individual rights to expression and information 34 However there is a lack of unilateral freedom of expression for Kenyan citizens Amongst the most notable omissions from the enumerated rights is the right to express propaganda for war or an incitement of violence 34 Moreover the Kenyan government still retains some control over the spread of dissenting ideas during wartime 35 In the realm of media specifically the Constitution prohibits the government from interfering with the spread of truthful information or with any individual s right to access to that information The government nonetheless sets standards for media content and regulates the enforcement of those rules 34 Present day press rights edit The Kenyan government however did not intend to staunchly adhere to these new mandates of the constitution As recently as 2013 Kenyan policymakers amended previous laws to limit certain media coverage of terrorist attacks and attempted to suppress the reporting of the deteriorating safety in Kenya The amendment to the Kenya Information and Communication Act works to stifle efforts of publications that put forth critical perspectives of the Kenyan government 36 Although there have been some governmental efforts to enhance the press freedoms of Kenyan citizens such as The Media Council Bill of 2013 which created a governmental body that would promote and protect the freedom of the media 37 the enforcement of the act did more harm than good in promoting press freedoms 36 According to an independent study conducted by Freedom House Kenya s press rights are considered to be somewhat comprehensive 38 The press is only considered partly free largely because of the governmental efforts to enact laws that grant more control over media and publications 36 Moreover previous laws such as the Preservation of Public Security Act which give the government the right to declare any information to be a security threat and censor that information 39 are still in effect and have yet to be repealed or amended See also edit nbsp Kenya portalKenya Human Rights Commission Kenya National Commission on Human Rights Centre for Minority Rights Development Cemiride an NGO advocacy group that works on behalf of minority and indigenous communities in Kenya and East Africa Internet censorship and surveillance in Kenya LGBT rights in Kenya Prizm Project a human rights education program for young women in Kenya and South Africa Notes edit1 Note that the Year signifies the Year covered Therefore the information for the year marked 2008 is from the report published in 2009 and so on 2 As of 1 January 3 The 1982 report covers the year 1981 and the first half of 1982 and the following 1984 report covers the second half of 1982 and the whole of 1983 In the interest of simplicity these two aberrant year and a half reports have been split into three year long reports through interpolation References edit Freedom in the World 2017 PDF Freedom House 31 January 2017 Retrieved 1 February 2017 1 Archived 1 May 2005 at archive today a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Country Profile Kenya PDF Federal Research Division Library of Congress June 2007 Retrieved 5 November 2020 nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint postscript link a b c d e The Cry of Blood Report on Extra Judicial Killings and Disappearances PDF Kenya National Commission on Human Rights Enforced Disappearances Information Exchange Center 25 September 2008 Archived from the original PDF on 14 December 2010 Retrieved 29 December 2010 Untranslated original Tutawanyorosha na tutawamaliza Hata wenye wameshikwa kwa kuhusiana na mauaji ya hivi majuzi siwezi nikakwambia wako wapi leo Nyinyi tu mtakuwa mkisikia mazishi ya fulani ni ya kesho See Cry of Blood reference WikiLeaks 2 June 2009 WikiLeaks wins Amnesty International 2009 Media Award WikiLeaks Archived from the original on 28 December 2010 Retrieved 29 December 2010 a b McConnell Tristan 7 March 2009 Rights activist Oscar Kamau Kingara shot dead in central Nairobi The Times Archived from the original on 29 June 2011 Retrieved 2 April 2009 Wikileaks writers killed in Kenya Hawai i Free Press WikiLeaks 9 March 2009 Archived from the original on 25 December 2010 Retrieved 29 December 2010 Palmer Paula Chris Allan 20 April 2010 Cultural Survival Releases Report on Human Rights Violations by Police in Samburu East and Isiolo Districts Kenya PDF Cultural Survival Archived from the original PDF on 19 October 2012 Retrieved 16 September 2013 Freedom House 2012 Country ratings and status FIW 1973 2012 XLS Retrieved 22 August 2012 United Nations United Nations Treaty Collection Chapter IV Human Rights 1 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide Paris 9 December 1948 Archived from the original on 20 October 2012 Retrieved 29 August 2012 United Nations United Nations Treaty Collection Chapter IV Human Rights 2 International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination New York 7 March 1966 Archived from the original on 11 February 2011 Retrieved 29 August 2012 United Nations United Nations Treaty Collection Chapter IV Human Rights 3 International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights New York 16 December 1966 Archived from the original on 17 September 2012 Retrieved 29 August 2012 United Nations United Nations Treaty Collection Chapter IV Human Rights 4 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights New York 16 December 1966 Archived from the original on 1 September 2010 Retrieved 29 August 2012 United Nations United Nations Treaty Collection Chapter IV Human Rights 5 Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights New York 16 December 1966 Retrieved 29 August 2012 United Nations United Nations Treaty Collection Chapter IV Human Rights 6 Convention on the non applicability of statutory limitations to war crimes and crimes against humanity New York 26 November 1968 Retrieved 29 August 2012 United Nations United Nations Treaty Collection Chapter IV Human Rights 7 International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid New York 30 November 1973 Archived from the original on 18 July 2012 Retrieved 29 August 2012 United Nations United Nations Treaty Collection Chapter IV Human Rights 8 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women New York 18 December 1979 Archived from the original on 23 August 2012 Retrieved 29 August 2012 United Nations United Nations Treaty Collection Chapter IV Human Rights 9 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment New York 10 December 1984 Archived from the original on 8 November 2010 Retrieved 29 August 2012 United Nations United Nations Treaty Collection Chapter IV Human Rights 11 Convention on the Rights of the Child New York 20 November 1989 Archived from the original on 11 February 2014 Retrieved 29 August 2012 United Nations United Nations Treaty Collection Chapter IV Human Rights 12 Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights aiming at the abolition of the death penalty New York 15 December 1989 Archived from the original on 20 October 2012 Retrieved 29 August 2012 United Nations United Nations Treaty Collection Chapter IV Human Rights 13 International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families New York 18 December 1990 Archived from the original on 25 August 2012 Retrieved 29 August 2012 United Nations United Nations Treaty Collection Chapter IV Human Rights 8b Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women New York 6 October 1999 Retrieved 29 August 2012 United Nations United Nations Treaty Collection Chapter IV Human Rights 11b Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict New York 25 May 2000 Retrieved 29 August 2012 United Nations United Nations Treaty Collection Chapter IV Human Rights 11c Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children child prostitution and child pornography New York 25 May 2000 Retrieved 29 August 2012 United Nations United Nations Treaty Collection Chapter IV Human Rights 15 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities New York 13 December 2006 Archived from the original on 19 August 2012 Retrieved 29 August 2012 United Nations United Nations Treaty Collection Chapter IV Human Rights 15a Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities New York 13 December 2006 Archived from the original on 13 January 2016 Retrieved 29 August 2012 United Nations United Nations Treaty Collection Chapter IV Human Rights 16 International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance New York 20 December 2006 Retrieved 29 August 2012 United Nations United Nations Treaty Collection Chapter IV Human Rights 3a Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights New York 10 December 2008 Retrieved 29 August 2012 United Nations United Nations Treaty Collection Chapter IV Human Rights 11d Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure New York 19 December 2011 New York 10 December 2008 Archived from the original on 25 August 2012 Retrieved 29 August 2012 a b c Omolo Ochilo Polycarp 1993 Press Freedom and the Role of Media in Kenya Africa Media Review 7 3 Mungeam G H 1966 British Rule in Kenya 1895 1912 The Establishment of Administration in the East Africa Protectorate Oxford Clarendon P The Standard a b c Constitution of Kenya PDF Archived from the original PDF on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 17 November 2016 Kenya Information and Communications Amendment Act 2013 PDF a b c Kenya parliament passes draconian media laws Committee to Protect Journalists 5 December 2013 Kenya Media Council Bill 2013 PDF Kenya Freedom House 22 April 2015 Preservation of Public Safety Kenya Law permanent dead link External links edit2004 Human Rights Report on Kenya US Department of State Freedom of expression in Kenya IFEX Transparency International Kenya 2012 Annual Report by Amnesty International Freedom in the World 2011 Report by Freedom House World Report 2012 by Human Rights Watch Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Human rights in Kenya amp oldid 1185914006, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.