This article is about the mouths of humans. For the mouths of other animals, see Mouth. For the landform, see River mouth. For other uses, see Mouth (disambiguation).
This article is about the cavity. For the front part, see Lip.
In addition to its primary role as the beginning of the digestive system, the mouth also plays a significant role in communication. While primary aspects of the voice are produced in the throat, the tongue, lips, and jaw are also needed to produce the range of sounds included in speech.
The mouth consists of two regions, the vestibule and the oral cavity proper. The mouth, normally moist, is lined with a mucous membrane, and contains the teeth. The lips mark the transition from mucous membrane to skin, which covers most of the body.
The mouth consists of two regions: the vestibule and the oral cavity proper. The vestibule is the area between the teeth, lips and cheeks.[2] The oral cavity is bounded at the sides and in front by the alveolar process (containing the teeth) and at the back by the isthmus of the fauces. Its roof is formed by the hard palate at the front, and the soft palate at the back. The uvula projects downwards from the middle of the soft palate at its back. The floor is formed by the mylohyoid muscles and is occupied mainly by the tongue. A mucous membrane – the oral mucosa, lines the sides and under surface of the tongue to the gums, and lines the inner aspect of the jaw (mandible). It receives secretions from the submandibular and sublingualsalivary glands.
LipsEdit
A closed human mouth.
The lips come together to close the opening of the mouth, forming a line between the upper and lower lip. In facial expression, this mouth line is iconically shaped like an up-open parabola in a smile, and like a down-open parabola in a frown. A down-turned mouth means a mouth line forming a down-turned parabola, and when permanent can be normal. Also, a down-turned mouth can be part of the presentation of Prader–Willi syndrome.[3]
Nerve supplyEdit
The teeth and the periodontium (the tissues that support the teeth) are innervated by the maxillary and mandibular nerves – divisions of the trigeminal nerve. Maxillary (upper) teeth and their associated periodontal ligament are innervated by the superior alveolar nerves, branches of the maxillary division, termed the posterior superior alveolar nerve, anterior superior alveolar nerve, and the variably present middle superior alveolar nerve. These nerves form the superior dental plexus above the maxillary teeth. The mandibular (lower) teeth and their associated periodontal ligament are innervated by the inferior alveolar nerve, a branch of the mandibular division. This nerve runs inside the mandible, within the inferior alveolar canal below the mandibular teeth, giving off branches to all the lower teeth (inferior dental plexus).[4][5] The oral mucosa of the gingiva (gums) on the facial (labial) aspect of the maxillary incisors, canines and premolar teeth is innervated by the superior labial branches of the infraorbital nerve. The posterior superior alveolar nerve supplies the gingiva on the facial aspect of the maxillary molar teeth. The gingiva on the palatal aspect of the maxillary teeth is innervated by the greater palatine nerve apart from in the incisor region, where it is the nasopalatine nerve (long sphenopalatine nerve). The gingiva of the lingual aspect of the mandibular teeth is innervated by the sublingual nerve, a branch of the lingual nerve. The gingiva on the facial aspect of the mandibular incisors and canines is innervated by the mental nerve, the continuation of the inferior alveolar nerve emerging from the mental foramen. The gingiva of the buccal (cheek) aspect of the mandibular molar teeth is innervated by the buccal nerve (long buccal nerve).[6]
DevelopmentEdit
The philtrum is the vertical depression formed between the philtral ridges between the upper lip and the nasal septum, formed where the nasomedial and maxillary processes meet during embryo development. When these processes fail to fuse fully, a cleft lip, cleft palate, or both can result.
The nasolabial folds are the deep creases of tissue that extend from the nose to the sides of the mouth. One of the first signs of age on the human face is the increase in prominence of the nasolabial folds.
FunctionEdit
The mouth plays an important role in eating, drinking, and speaking. Mouth breathing refers to the act of breathing through the mouth (as a temporary backup system) if there is an obstruction to breathing through the nose, which is the designated breathing organ for the human body.[7]
For some disabled people, especially many disabled artists, who through illness, accident or congenital disability have lost dexterity, their mouths take the place of their hands, when typing, texting, writing, making drawings, paintings and other works of art by maneuvering brushes and other tools, in addition to the basic oral functions. Mouth painters hold the brush in their mouth or between their teeth and maneuver it with their tongue and cheek muscles, but mouth painting can be strenuous for neck and jaw muscles since the head has to perform the same back and forth movement as a hand does when painting.[8][9]
A male mouth can hold, on average, 71.2 ml (2.51 imp fl oz; 2.41 US fl oz), while a female mouth holds 55.4 ml (1.95 imp fl oz; 1.87 US fl oz).[10]
^Maton, Anthea; Jean Hopkins; Charles William McLaughlin; Susan Johnson; Maryanna Quon Warner; David LaHart; Jill D. Wright (1993). Human Biology and Health. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall. ISBN0-13-981176-1.
^Pocock, Gillian (2006). Human Physiology (Third ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 382. ISBN978-0-19-856878-0.
^Cassidy, Suzanne B.; Dykens, Elisabeth; Williams, Charles A. (2000). "Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes: Sister imprinted disorders". American Journal of Medical Genetics. 97 (2): 136–46. doi:10.1002/1096-8628(200022)97:2<136::AID-AJMG5>3.0.CO;2-V. PMID 11180221.
^Susan Standring, ed. (2008). Gray's anatomy : the anatomical basis of clinical practice (40th ed.). [Edinburgh]: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. ISBN978-0443066849.
^Turowski, Jason (2016-04-29). "Should I Breathe Through My Mouth or Through My Nose?". Cleveland Clinic. from the original on Jun 30, 2020. Retrieved 2020-06-28.
^Winchester, Levi (10 July 2014). "Watch: Woman born without fully-formed limbs creates stunning artwork using her mouth". www.express.co.uk. Daily Express.
Media related to Human mouths at Wikimedia Commons
Quotations related to Mouths at Wikiquote
October 14, 2023
human, mouth, this, article, about, mouths, humans, mouths, other, animals, mouth, landform, river, mouth, other, uses, mouth, disambiguation, this, article, about, cavity, front, part, human, anatomy, mouth, first, portion, alimentary, canal, that, receives, . This article is about the mouths of humans For the mouths of other animals see Mouth For the landform see River mouth For other uses see Mouth disambiguation This article is about the cavity For the front part see Lip In human anatomy the mouth is the first portion of the alimentary canal that receives food and produces saliva 1 The oral mucosa is the mucous membrane epithelium lining the inside of the mouth Human mouthPhotograph of the closed mouth of a human maleHead and neckDetailsIdentifiersLatinos cavitas oralisTA98A01 1 00 010TA2119Anatomical terminology edit on Wikidata In addition to its primary role as the beginning of the digestive system the mouth also plays a significant role in communication While primary aspects of the voice are produced in the throat the tongue lips and jaw are also needed to produce the range of sounds included in speech The mouth consists of two regions the vestibule and the oral cavity proper The mouth normally moist is lined with a mucous membrane and contains the teeth The lips mark the transition from mucous membrane to skin which covers most of the body Contents 1 Structure 1 1 Oral cavity 1 2 Lips 1 3 Nerve supply 1 4 Development 2 Function 3 See also 4 Further reading 5 References 6 External linksStructure EditOral cavity Edit nbsp Anatomy of the mouth nbsp Floor of the mouth with Lingual frenum and sublingual foldThe mouth consists of two regions the vestibule and the oral cavity proper The vestibule is the area between the teeth lips and cheeks 2 The oral cavity is bounded at the sides and in front by the alveolar process containing the teeth and at the back by the isthmus of the fauces Its roof is formed by the hard palate at the front and the soft palate at the back The uvula projects downwards from the middle of the soft palate at its back The floor is formed by the mylohyoid muscles and is occupied mainly by the tongue A mucous membrane the oral mucosa lines the sides and under surface of the tongue to the gums and lines the inner aspect of the jaw mandible It receives secretions from the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands Lips Edit nbsp A closed human mouth The lips come together to close the opening of the mouth forming a line between the upper and lower lip In facial expression this mouth line is iconically shaped like an up open parabola in a smile and like a down open parabola in a frown A down turned mouth means a mouth line forming a down turned parabola and when permanent can be normal Also a down turned mouth can be part of the presentation of Prader Willi syndrome 3 Nerve supply Edit The teeth and the periodontium the tissues that support the teeth are innervated by the maxillary and mandibular nerves divisions of the trigeminal nerve Maxillary upper teeth and their associated periodontal ligament are innervated by the superior alveolar nerves branches of the maxillary division termed the posterior superior alveolar nerve anterior superior alveolar nerve and the variably present middle superior alveolar nerve These nerves form the superior dental plexus above the maxillary teeth The mandibular lower teeth and their associated periodontal ligament are innervated by the inferior alveolar nerve a branch of the mandibular division This nerve runs inside the mandible within the inferior alveolar canal below the mandibular teeth giving off branches to all the lower teeth inferior dental plexus 4 5 The oral mucosa of the gingiva gums on the facial labial aspect of the maxillary incisors canines and premolar teeth is innervated by the superior labial branches of the infraorbital nerve The posterior superior alveolar nerve supplies the gingiva on the facial aspect of the maxillary molar teeth The gingiva on the palatal aspect of the maxillary teeth is innervated by the greater palatine nerve apart from in the incisor region where it is the nasopalatine nerve long sphenopalatine nerve The gingiva of the lingual aspect of the mandibular teeth is innervated by the sublingual nerve a branch of the lingual nerve The gingiva on the facial aspect of the mandibular incisors and canines is innervated by the mental nerve the continuation of the inferior alveolar nerve emerging from the mental foramen The gingiva of the buccal cheek aspect of the mandibular molar teeth is innervated by the buccal nerve long buccal nerve 6 Development Edit The philtrum is the vertical depression formed between the philtral ridges between the upper lip and the nasal septum formed where the nasomedial and maxillary processes meet during embryo development When these processes fail to fuse fully a cleft lip cleft palate or both can result The nasolabial folds are the deep creases of tissue that extend from the nose to the sides of the mouth One of the first signs of age on the human face is the increase in prominence of the nasolabial folds Function EditThe mouth plays an important role in eating drinking and speaking Mouth breathing refers to the act of breathing through the mouth as a temporary backup system if there is an obstruction to breathing through the nose which is the designated breathing organ for the human body 7 Infants are born with a sucking reflex by which they instinctively know to suck for nourishment using their lips and jaw The mouth also helps in chewing and biting food For some disabled people especially many disabled artists who through illness accident or congenital disability have lost dexterity their mouths take the place of their hands when typing texting writing making drawings paintings and other works of art by maneuvering brushes and other tools in addition to the basic oral functions Mouth painters hold the brush in their mouth or between their teeth and maneuver it with their tongue and cheek muscles but mouth painting can be strenuous for neck and jaw muscles since the head has to perform the same back and forth movement as a hand does when painting 8 9 A male mouth can hold on average 71 2 ml 2 51 imp fl oz 2 41 US fl oz while a female mouth holds 55 4 ml 1 95 imp fl oz 1 87 US fl oz 10 See also EditThis article uses anatomical terminology nbsp Medicine portalHead and neck anatomy Index of oral health and dental articles List of basic dentistry topics Mouth breathingFurther reading EditNestor James 2020 Breath The New Science of a Lost Art Riverhead Books p 304 ISBN 978 0735213616 References Edit Maton Anthea Jean Hopkins Charles William McLaughlin Susan Johnson Maryanna Quon Warner David LaHart Jill D Wright 1993 Human Biology and Health Englewood Cliffs New Jersey USA Prentice Hall ISBN 0 13 981176 1 Pocock Gillian 2006 Human Physiology Third ed Oxford University Press p 382 ISBN 978 0 19 856878 0 Cassidy Suzanne B Dykens Elisabeth Williams Charles A 2000 Prader Willi and Angelman syndromes Sister imprinted disorders American Journal of Medical Genetics 97 2 136 46 doi 10 1002 1096 8628 200022 97 2 lt 136 AID AJMG5 gt 3 0 CO 2 V PMID 11180221 Susan Standring ed 2008 Gray s anatomy the anatomical basis of clinical practice 40th ed Edinburgh Churchill Livingstone Elsevier ISBN 978 0443066849 Lindhe Jan Lang Niklaus P Karring Thorkild eds 2008 2003 Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry 5th edition Oxford UK Blackwell Munksgaard p 48 ISBN 9781405160995 Lindhe Jan Lang Niklaus P Karring Thorkild eds 2008 2003 Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry 5th edition Oxford UK Blackwell Munksgaard ISBN 9781405160995 Turowski Jason 2016 04 29 Should I Breathe Through My Mouth or Through My Nose Cleveland Clinic Archived from the original on Jun 30 2020 Retrieved 2020 06 28 Squeezable Paint Brushes Howard University RESNA Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America 31 May 2014 Archived from the original on 1 March 2016 Retrieved 18 January 2020 Winchester Levi 10 July 2014 Watch Woman born without fully formed limbs creates stunning artwork using her mouth www express co uk Daily Express Nascimento Weslania Viviane Cassiani Rachel Aguiar Dantas Roberto Oliveira September 2012 Gender effect on oral volume capacity Dysphagia 27 3 384 389 doi 10 1007 s00455 011 9379 4 ISSN 1432 0460 PMID 22120835 S2CID 22688382 External links Edit nbsp Media related to Human mouths at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Quotations related to Mouths at Wikiquote Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Human mouth amp oldid 1177183869, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
