Hopae were identification tags carried by Koreans during the Joseon dynasty, recording the bearer's name, place of birth, status and residence.[1] The tags consist of the person's name, birthdate, and where they were born. The hopae system helped the government in tax collection and retrieving runaway slaves.[2]
Certain military officials were required to wear hopae in 1391[3] (imitating a similar practice by the Yuan dynasty)[4] and its further implementation was continually raised by the Joseon government from 1398.[3] The use of hopae was finally mandated for all males under 16 in 1413 under King Taejong.[1][3] The desire to control migration was cited as a major reason behind the system in the edict which established the hopae law. However, it was abandoned only three years later in 1416, after the completion of the new household registry; this may have been because the hopae were no longer necessary after the completion of the registry, or the opposition which commoners demonstrated to the requirement of carrying hopae.
The hopae system was promulgated and abolished several times in the following years:[3] being abolished in 1416, 1461, 1469, 1550, 1612, 1627; and reimplemented in 1459, 1469, 1536, 1610, 1626, 1675.[3] Over a period of 260 years, it was implemented for just 18,[3] and the Seongjong Annals reports that of the men with tags only 1-20% actually served in national military service.[3]
King Sejo revived the system in 1458, again with the aim of controlling the movement of people, this time in order to aid in suppressing the rebellion by Yi Jing-ok in Hamgil Province, which found widespread support among peasants who had fled from their homes; the law would remain in effect for twelve more years.[4]
Hopae again fell into disuse, but were revived by Prince Gwanghae in the early 17th century.[5] One game played with dominoes in modern Korea takes its name from the hopae.[6]
People of different social classes wore different coloured tags. The yangban class wore yellow, high-ranking yangban officials wore ivory while the lower-ranks wore ones of deer horn. Commoners wore small wooden tags while slaves carried large wooden ones.[2]
Duncan, John B. (2000). The Origins of the Choson Dynasty. United States: University of Washington Press. ISBN0295979852.
Grayson, James Huntley (2002). Korea: A Religious History. United Kingdom: Routledge. ISBN070071605X.
Rutt, Richard; Pratt, Keith L.; Hoare, James (1999). Korea: A Historical and Cultural Dictionary. United Kingdom: Routledge. ISBN0700704639.
External linksedit
from the Academy of Korean Studies
from Museum.co.kr
March 17, 2024
hopae, were, identification, tags, carried, koreans, during, joseon, dynasty, recording, bearer, name, place, birth, status, residence, tags, consist, person, name, birthdate, where, they, were, born, hopae, system, helped, government, collection, retrieving, . Hopae were identification tags carried by Koreans during the Joseon dynasty recording the bearer s name place of birth status and residence 1 The tags consist of the person s name birthdate and where they were born The hopae system helped the government in tax collection and retrieving runaway slaves 2 HopaeKorean nameHangul호패Hanja號牌 戶牌Revised RomanizationHopaeMcCune ReischauerHop aeLiteral meaning number tag or household tag Contents 1 History 2 References 2 1 Notes 2 2 Sources 3 External linksHistory editCertain military officials were required to wear hopae in 1391 3 imitating a similar practice by the Yuan dynasty 4 and its further implementation was continually raised by the Joseon government from 1398 3 The use of hopae was finally mandated for all males under 16 in 1413 under King Taejong 1 3 The desire to control migration was cited as a major reason behind the system in the edict which established the hopae law However it was abandoned only three years later in 1416 after the completion of the new household registry this may have been because the hopae were no longer necessary after the completion of the registry or the opposition which commoners demonstrated to the requirement of carrying hopae The hopae system was promulgated and abolished several times in the following years 3 being abolished in 1416 1461 1469 1550 1612 1627 and reimplemented in 1459 1469 1536 1610 1626 1675 3 Over a period of 260 years it was implemented for just 18 3 and the Seongjong Annals reports that of the men with tags only 1 20 actually served in national military service 3 King Sejo revived the system in 1458 again with the aim of controlling the movement of people this time in order to aid in suppressing the rebellion by Yi Jing ok in Hamgil Province which found widespread support among peasants who had fled from their homes the law would remain in effect for twelve more years 4 Hopae again fell into disuse but were revived by Prince Gwanghae in the early 17th century 5 One game played with dominoes in modern Korea takes its name from the hopae 6 People of different social classes wore different coloured tags The yangban class wore yellow high ranking yangban officials wore ivory while the lower ranks wore ones of deer horn Commoners wore small wooden tags while slaves carried large wooden ones 2 References editNotes edit a b Grayson 2002 108 a b Seth Michael J 2019 Chapter 3 A Brief History of Korea Isolation War Despotism and Revival Tuttle Publishing ISBN 978 1 4629 2111 9 a b c d e f g 호패 號牌 Hopae Encyclopedia of Korean Culture in Korean Retrieved 2023 09 09 a b Duncan 212 Hutt et al 1999 252 Hutt et al 1999 104 Sources edit Duncan John B 2000 The Origins of the Choson Dynasty United States University of Washington Press ISBN 0295979852 Grayson James Huntley 2002 Korea A Religious History United Kingdom Routledge ISBN 070071605X Rutt Richard Pratt Keith L Hoare James 1999 Korea A Historical and Cultural Dictionary United Kingdom Routledge ISBN 0700704639 External links editPictures of hopae from the Academy of Korean Studies Pictures of hopae from Museum co kr Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hopae amp oldid 1206899193, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
