Homer Lea
Homer Lea (November 17, 1876 – November 1, 1912) was an American author of works on geopolitics who became a military advisor and general in the army of Sun Yat-sen.
Homer Lea | |
|---|---|
| Born | November 17, 1876 Denver, Colorado, U.S. |
| Died | November 1, 1912 (aged 35) Santa Monica, California, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Stanford University |
Early life edit
Born in Denver, Colorado, to Alfred E. (b.1845) and Hersa A. (1846–1879; née Coberly) Lea, his father served with the 3rd Colorado Cavalry during the Civil War. His mother died before his third birthday, May 13, 1879.[1] Alfred is listed in the Jackson County, Missouri 1850 census, Washington Township, with the entire family being born in Tennessee.[2]
Homer was born healthy, but after suffering a drop to a hearthstone as a baby,[3] he became a hunchback, standing only 4 ft 11 in (1.50 m) with a weight under 100 lb (45 kg). He attended East High School (Denver) and Los Angeles High School and even accompanied friends on camping trips in the San Bernardino Mountains, in spite of his physical hindrances. Lea aspired to be a great soldier and somehow managed to get an appointment to West Point, though he was soon dismissed for health reasons. He was later admitted to Stanford University, where in addition to military history and politics, he became enamored with China and Chinese culture.
China edit
At 23, with the Boxer Rebellion underway in China, Lea decided to travel to the Far East and offer his services to Kang Youwei, a former prime minister of China who was attempting to restore power to the confined Guangxu Emperor. Lea convinced Kang to make him a lieutenant general and give him command of a small volunteer force. Lea's first command was not very successful as Kang's power and support was rapidly destroyed, but he did make it to Beijing in time to ride through the city with the international force that liberated it from the Boxers. Lea offered pursuit of the retreating Imperial Army, but his rag-tag soldiers were no match for the Imperial forces and he was repulsed. Without any support after Kang's fall, Lea fled to Hong Kong and then Japan, where he met Sun Yat-sen.
Sun was intrigued by the diminutive foreigner and saw his natural flair and western background could be useful in building support for the republican movement. He therefore dispatched Lea along with Prince Ch'i-ch'ao to the United States to raise funds. Lea returned to China in 1904 at the head of the Second Army Division, but this military campaign was unsuccessful and he was forced to return to the United States for health reasons.
Works edit
Once in the U.S., Homer Lea was instrumental in training the Chinese Imperial Reform Army, using American soldiers as instructors. Lea was also an author of two works on geopolitics: The Valor of Ignorance predicted the rise of Japanese militarist aggression and a Japanese empire in the Pacific, while The Day of the Saxon, commissioned by British Field Marshal Lord Frederick Roberts, predicted the rise of a greater German Reich based on national supremacy and ethnic purity. Neither of these books sold particularly well in America, but The Valor of Ignorance sold 84,000 copies in Japan and impressed both General Adna Chaffee and General Douglas MacArthur, who tried unsuccessfully to make it compulsory reading at West Point. Japanese officers studied The Valor of Ignorance avidly and put its deadly lessons into practice in 1941. The Day of the Saxon sold only 7,000 copies; but one of those to get one was German general Karl Haushofer. The books both made accurate predictions about future events, but entrenched isolationists in America were not threatened by an obscure military theorist who didn't have much influence. His books remain little known today, though they were cult classics in the first half of the twentieth century. Some say his theories were not particularly revolutionary[who?]; other geopoliticians[who?] could also see the same forces converging, but the public did not want to hear about it and U.S. Military officers had actively derided it. Lea also planned to write a third book called The Swarming of the Slav predicting a Russian move to dominate Europe, but he died before he could complete it.
Late life and death edit
When Sun Yat-sen made China a republic in 1911-1912 he made Lea, whose already frail health had been further tried by several bouts of illness, a full general and his chief of staff. A stroke several months later, however, forced Lea to give up these positions and retire to the United States, where he died at age 35 in Ocean Park, California.
In April 1969, his ashes and those of his wife Ethel (née Bryant) were re-interred at Yangmingshan No. 1 Public Cemetery, in the Beitou District of Taipei, Taiwan.[4][5][6]
See also edit
Bibliography edit
Works by edit
- 1908: The Vermilion Pencil: A Romance of China. - New York: McClure. - 30756368
- Reprinted 2003. - Stirling: Read Around Asia. - ISBN 9780954545000
- 1909: The Valour of Ignorance. - London, New York: Harper and Brothers. - 1178360
- Reprinted 1942. - ISBN 1931541663
- 1912: The Day of the Saxon. - Harper and Brothers. - 250316
- Reprinted 1942. ISBN 1932512020
Works about edit
- Anschel, Eugene, (1984). - Homer Lea, Sun Yat-Sen, and the Chinese Revolution. - Praeger Pubs. ISBN 0030000637
- Alexander, Tom, (July, 1993). - "The Amazing Prophecies of 'General' Homer Lea". - Smithsonian. - p. 102.
- Kaplan, Lawrence (Sept. 15, 2010). - "Homer Lea: American Soldier of Fortune (American Warriors Series)". - The University Press of Kentucky. - ISBN 0813126169
Notes edit
- ^ Alfred E. LEA. - |Hersa A. COBERLY. - | RootsWeb. - Retrieved: 2010-10-27
- ^ Jackson, MO 1850 Federal Census: file 4. - USGENWEB. - Retrieved: July 6, 2008
- ^ Lea, Tom (illustrations and interviews), Rebecca McDowell Craver and Adair Margo, (1995). - Tom Lea: An Oral History. - El Paso, Texas: Texas Western Press. - p.10. - ISBN 9780874042344
- ^ "Burial in China Delayed for Leas". The Hartford Courant. Taipei. AP. April 19, 1969. p. 14. Retrieved April 4, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Couple Sent Ashes Of Yank To Formosa". The Gettysburg Times. Taipei. AP. April 21, 1969. p. 7. Retrieved April 4, 2024 – via NewspaperArchive.
- ^ "Homer Lea At Home Again in China". Chicago Tribune. April 22, 1969. p. 18. Retrieved April 4, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
External links edit
- A Research Site on Homer Lea by Dr. Lawrence M. Kaplan