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Home appliance

January 01, 1970

A home appliance, also referred to as a domestic appliance, an electric appliance or a household appliance,[1] is a machine which assists in household functions[2] such as cooking, cleaning and food preservation.

Home appliance
Numerous home appliances may be used in kitchens
IndustryFood and beverages, health care
ApplicationKitchens and laundry rooms
WheelsIn some cases
ExamplesRefrigerator, toaster, kettle, microwave, blender

Appliances are divided into three types: small appliances, major appliances (also known as white goods)[3] and consumer electronics (brown goods).[4]

Given a broad usage, the domestic application attached to home appliance is tied to the definition of appliance as "an instrument or device designed for a particular use or function".[5] More specifically, Collins English Dictionary defines "home appliance" as: "devices or machines, usually electrical, that are in your home and which you use to do jobs such as cleaning or cooking".[6] The broad usage, afforded to the definition, allows for nearly any device intended for domestic use to be a home appliance, including consumer electronics as well as stoves,[7] refrigerators, toasters[7] and air conditioners.

History

 
Early 20th century electric toaster

While many appliances have existed for centuries, the self-contained electric or gas powered appliances are a uniquely American innovation that emerged in the early twentieth century. The development of these appliances is tied to the disappearance of full-time domestic servants and the desire to reduce the time-consuming activities in pursuit of more recreational time. In the early 1900s, electric and gas appliances included washing machines, water heaters, refrigerators, kettles and sewing machines. The invention of Earl Richardson's small electric clothes iron in 1903 gave a small initial boost to the home appliance industry. In the Post–World War II economic expansion, the domestic use of dishwashers, and clothes dryers were part of a shift for convenience. Increasing discretionary income was reflected by a rise in miscellaneous home appliances.[8][9][self-published source]

In America during the 1980s, the industry shipped $1.5 billion worth of goods each year and employed over 14,000 workers, with revenues doubling between 1982 and 1990 to $3.3 billion. Throughout this period, companies merged and acquired one another to reduce research and production costs and eliminate competitors, resulting in antitrust legislation.

The United States Department of Energy reviews compliance with the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987, which required manufacturers to reduce the energy consumption of the appliances by 25% every five years.[8]

In the 1990s, the appliance industry was very consolidated, with over 90% of the products being sold by just five companies. For example, in 1991, dishwasher manufacturing market share was split between General Electric with 40% market share, Whirlpool with 31%, Electrolux with 20%, Maytag with 7% and Thermador with just 2%.[8]

Major appliances

 
Swedish washing machine, 1950s
Main article: Major appliance

Major appliances, also known as white goods, comprise major household appliances and may include: air conditioners,[10] dishwashers,[10] clothes dryers, drying cabinets, freezers, refrigerators,[10] kitchen stoves, water heaters,[10] washing machines,[10] trash compactors, microwave ovens, and induction cookers. White goods were typically painted or enameled white, and many of them still are.[11]

Small appliances

Main article: Small appliance
 
Small kitchen appliances
 
The small appliance department at a store

Small appliances are typically small household electrical machines, also very useful and easily carried and installed. Yet another category is used in the kitchen, including: juicers, electric mixers, meat grinders, coffee grinders, deep fryers, herb grinders, food processors,[12] electric kettles, waffle irons, coffee makers, blenders,[12] rice cookers,[7] toasters and exhaust hoods.

Product design

In the 1960s the product design for appliances such as washing machines, refrigerators, and electric toasters shifted away from Streamline Moderne and embraced technological advances in the fabrication of sheet metal. A choice in color, as well as fashionable accessory, could be offered to the mass market without increasing production cost. Home appliances were sold as space-saving ensembles.[13]

Consumer electronics

Main article: Consumer electronics

Consumer electronics or home electronics[10] are electronic (analog or digital) equipment intended for everyday use, typically in private homes. Consumer electronics include devices used for entertainment, communications and recreation. In British English, they are often called brown goods by producers and sellers, to distinguish them from "white goods" which are meant for housekeeping tasks, such as washing machines and refrigerators, although nowadays, these could be considered brown goods, some of these being connected to the Internet.[14][n 1] Some such appliances were traditionally finished with genuine or imitation wood, hence the name. This has become rare but the name has stuck, even for goods that are unlikely ever to have had a wooden case (e.g. camcorders). In the 2010s, this distinction is absent in large big box consumer electronics stores, which sell both entertainment, communication, and home office devices and kitchen appliances such as refrigerators. The highest selling consumer electronics products are compact discs.[16] Examples are: home electronics, radio receivers, TV sets,[7] VCRs, CD and DVD players,[7] digital cameras, camcorders, still cameras, clocks, alarm clocks, computers, video game consoles, HiFi and home cinema, telephones and answering machines.

Life spans

A survey conducted in 2020 of more than thirteen thousand people in the UK revealed how long appliance owners had their appliances before needing to replace them due to a fault, deteriorating performance, or the age of the appliance.

Appliance Longest average estimated lifespan Shortest average estimated lifespan
Washing machine 21 years 13 years
Tumble dryer 24 years 17 years
Dishwasher 22 years 13 years
Built-in oven 29 years 23 years
Fridge freezer 24 years 14 years
Fridge 29 years 18 years

Home automation

Main article: Home automation
See also: Internet of Things

There is a trend of networking home appliances together, and combining their controls and key functions.[18] For instance, energy distribution could be managed more evenly so that when a washing machine is on, an oven can go into a delayed start mode, or vice versa. Or, a washing machine and clothes dryer could share information about load characteristics (gentle/normal, light/full), and synchronize their finish times so the wet laundry does not have to wait before being put in the dryer.

Additionally, some manufacturers of home appliances are quickly beginning to place hardware that enables Internet connectivity in home appliances to allow for remote control, automation, communication with other home appliances, and more functionality enabling connected cooking.[18][19][20][21] Internet-connected home appliances were especially prevalent during recent Consumer Electronics Show events.[22]

Recycling

 
New Orleans, Louisiana, United States after Hurricane Katrina: mounds of trashed appliances with a few smashed automobiles mixed in, waiting to be scrapped
Main article: Appliance recycling

Appliance recycling consists of dismantling waste home appliances and scrapping their parts for reuse. The main types of appliances that are recycled are T.V.s, refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, and computers. It involves disassembly, removal of hazardous components and destruction of the equipment to recover materials, generally by shredding, sorting and grading.[23]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "Brown" from the bakelite and wood-veneer finishes typical on 1950s and 1960s radio and TV receivers, and in contrast to "white goods".[15]

References

  1. ^ . Lexico Dictionaries | English. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  2. ^ "appliance (definition)". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  3. ^ "white goods". Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
  4. ^ "brown goods". Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
  5. ^ "Appliance". Merriam Webster. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
  6. ^ "Definition of household appliances". Collins Dictionary. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
  7. ^ a b c d e Bulletin, Manila (9 November 2014). . Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on 5 May 2015. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
  8. ^ a b c Encyclopedia of American Industries Volume 1. Gale Research. 1994.
  9. ^ George, William (2003). Antique Electric Waffle Irons 1900-1960: A History of the Appliance Industry in 20th Century America. Trafford Publishing. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-55395-632-7.[self-published source]
  10. ^ a b c d e f "Efficient Appliances Save Energy -- and Money". Natural Resources Defense Council. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  11. ^ "White Goods". www.icfdc.com. Data monitor, Static.scrib. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  12. ^ a b "Best Small Appliances — Small Appliance Reviews". Consumer Reports. 29 May 2014. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
  13. ^ David Raizman (2003). History of Modern Design: Graphics and Products Since the Industrial Revolution. Laurence King. p. 336. ISBN 9781856693486.
  14. ^ . Collins English Dictionary. Archived from the original on 8 December 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
  15. ^ McDermott, Catherine (30 October 2007). Design: The Key Concepts. Routledge. p. 234. ISBN 9781134361809. from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
  16. ^ "Compact disc hits 25th birthday". BBC News. BBC. 17 August 2007. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
  17. ^ Pratt, Martin. "How long should you expect your large kitchen appliances to last?". Which?. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  18. ^ a b Michelle, Bangert (1 September 2014). . Appliance Design. BNP Media. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
  19. ^ Essers, Loek (10 December 2013). "Home appliance makers connect with open source 'Internet of things' project". Computerworld. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
  20. ^ Baguley, Richard; McDonald, Colin. "Appliance Science: The Internet of Toasters (and other things)". CNET. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
  21. ^ Hitchcox, Alan (February 2015). "The Internet of uncertainty". Hydraulics & Pneumatics. 68 (2): 8.
  22. ^ . The Mercury. 15 January 2015. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
  23. ^ Buekens, A.; Yang, J. (2014). "Recycling of WEEE plastics: A review". The Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management. 16 (3): 415–434. doi:10.1007/s10163-014-0241-2. S2CID 108437684.

Further reading

  • Du, Z. (2012). "The Application Research of Small Home Appliance Product Based on Computer Aided Ergonomics". Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference of Modern Computer Science and Applications. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer. pp. 522–528. ISBN 978-3-642-33030-8.
  • Kriske, Rob; Kriske, Mary (July/August 1984). "Home Appliance Repair". Mother Earth News. Accessed May 2015.
  • "New computerized home appliance to assist with caring for the elderly". Rockdale Citizen. 8 April 2015. Retrieved 5 May 2015.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Home appliances.
 
Look up household appliance in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

January 01, 1970
home, appliance, this, article, lead, section, short, adequately, summarize, points, please, consider, expanding, lead, provide, accessible, overview, important, aspects, article, 2024, home, appliance, also, referred, domestic, appliance, electric, appliance,. This article s lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article May 2024 A home appliance also referred to as a domestic appliance an electric appliance or a household appliance 1 is a machine which assists in household functions 2 such as cooking cleaning and food preservation Home applianceNumerous home appliances may be used in kitchensIndustryFood and beverages health careApplicationKitchens and laundry roomsWheelsIn some casesExamplesRefrigerator toaster kettle microwave blender Appliances are divided into three types small appliances major appliances also known as white goods 3 and consumer electronics brown goods 4 Given a broad usage the domestic application attached to home appliance is tied to the definition of appliance as an instrument or device designed for a particular use or function 5 More specifically Collins English Dictionary defines home appliance as devices or machines usually electrical that are in your home and which you use to do jobs such as cleaning or cooking 6 The broad usage afforded to the definition allows for nearly any device intended for domestic use to be a home appliance including consumer electronics as well as stoves 7 refrigerators toasters 7 and air conditioners Contents 1 History 2 Major appliances 3 Small appliances 4 Product design 5 Consumer electronics 6 Life spans 7 Home automation 8 Recycling 9 See also 10 Notes 11 References 12 Further reading 13 External linksHistory nbsp Early 20th century electric toaster While many appliances have existed for centuries the self contained electric or gas powered appliances are a uniquely American innovation that emerged in the early twentieth century The development of these appliances is tied to the disappearance of full time domestic servants and the desire to reduce the time consuming activities in pursuit of more recreational time In the early 1900s electric and gas appliances included washing machines water heaters refrigerators kettles and sewing machines The invention of Earl Richardson s small electric clothes iron in 1903 gave a small initial boost to the home appliance industry In the Post World War II economic expansion the domestic use of dishwashers and clothes dryers were part of a shift for convenience Increasing discretionary income was reflected by a rise in miscellaneous home appliances 8 9 self published source In America during the 1980s the industry shipped 1 5 billion worth of goods each year and employed over 14 000 workers with revenues doubling between 1982 and 1990 to 3 3 billion Throughout this period companies merged and acquired one another to reduce research and production costs and eliminate competitors resulting in antitrust legislation The United States Department of Energy reviews compliance with the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987 which required manufacturers to reduce the energy consumption of the appliances by 25 every five years 8 In the 1990s the appliance industry was very consolidated with over 90 of the products being sold by just five companies For example in 1991 dishwasher manufacturing market share was split between General Electric with 40 market share Whirlpool with 31 Electrolux with 20 Maytag with 7 and Thermador with just 2 8 Major appliances nbsp Swedish washing machine 1950s Main article Major appliance Major appliances also known as white goods comprise major household appliances and may include air conditioners 10 dishwashers 10 clothes dryers drying cabinets freezers refrigerators 10 kitchen stoves water heaters 10 washing machines 10 trash compactors microwave ovens and induction cookers White goods were typically painted or enameled white and many of them still are 11 Small appliancesMain article Small appliance nbsp Small kitchen appliances nbsp The small appliance department at a store Small appliances are typically small household electrical machines also very useful and easily carried and installed Yet another category is used in the kitchen including juicers electric mixers meat grinders coffee grinders deep fryers herb grinders food processors 12 electric kettles waffle irons coffee makers blenders 12 rice cookers 7 toasters and exhaust hoods Product designIn the 1960s the product design for appliances such as washing machines refrigerators and electric toasters shifted away from Streamline Moderne and embraced technological advances in the fabrication of sheet metal A choice in color as well as fashionable accessory could be offered to the mass market without increasing production cost Home appliances were sold as space saving ensembles 13 Consumer electronicsMain article Consumer electronics Consumer electronics or home electronics 10 are electronic analog or digital equipment intended for everyday use typically in private homes Consumer electronics include devices used for entertainment communications and recreation In British English they are often called brown goods by producers and sellers to distinguish them from white goods which are meant for housekeeping tasks such as washing machines and refrigerators although nowadays these could be considered brown goods some of these being connected to the Internet 14 n 1 Some such appliances were traditionally finished with genuine or imitation wood hence the name This has become rare but the name has stuck even for goods that are unlikely ever to have had a wooden case e g camcorders In the 2010s this distinction is absent in large big box consumer electronics stores which sell both entertainment communication and home office devices and kitchen appliances such as refrigerators The highest selling consumer electronics products are compact discs 16 Examples are home electronics radio receivers TV sets 7 VCRs CD and DVD players 7 digital cameras camcorders still cameras clocks alarm clocks computers video game consoles HiFi and home cinema telephones and answering machines Life spansThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed October 2022 Learn how and when to remove this message A survey conducted in 2020 of more than thirteen thousand people in the UK revealed how long appliance owners had their appliances before needing to replace them due to a fault deteriorating performance or the age of the appliance Appliance Longest average estimated lifespan Shortest average estimated lifespan Washing machine 21 years 13 years Tumble dryer 24 years 17 years Dishwasher 22 years 13 years Built in oven 29 years 23 years Fridge freezer 24 years 14 years Fridge 29 years 18 yearsHome automationMain article Home automation See also Internet of Things There is a trend of networking home appliances together and combining their controls and key functions 18 For instance energy distribution could be managed more evenly so that when a washing machine is on an oven can go into a delayed start mode or vice versa Or a washing machine and clothes dryer could share information about load characteristics gentle normal light full and synchronize their finish times so the wet laundry does not have to wait before being put in the dryer Additionally some manufacturers of home appliances are quickly beginning to place hardware that enables Internet connectivity in home appliances to allow for remote control automation communication with other home appliances and more functionality enabling connected cooking 18 19 20 21 Internet connected home appliances were especially prevalent during recent Consumer Electronics Show events 22 Recycling nbsp New Orleans Louisiana United States after Hurricane Katrina mounds of trashed appliances with a few smashed automobiles mixed in waiting to be scrapped Main article Appliance recycling Appliance recycling consists of dismantling waste home appliances and scrapping their parts for reuse The main types of appliances that are recycled are T V s refrigerators air conditioners washing machines and computers It involves disassembly removal of hazardous components and destruction of the equipment to recover materials generally by shredding sorting and grading 23 See also nbsp Technology portal nbsp Housing portal Domestic technology Usage of applied science in houses Home automation Building automation for a homeNotes Brown from the bakelite and wood veneer finishes typical on 1950s and 1960s radio and TV receivers and in contrast to white goods 15 References Household Appliance Lexico Dictionaries English Archived from the original on 1 August 2020 Retrieved 25 April 2020 appliance definition Merriam Webster Retrieved 4 May 2015 white goods Collins English Dictionary Retrieved 5 December 2014 brown goods Collins English Dictionary Retrieved 5 December 2014 Appliance Merriam Webster Retrieved 24 July 2013 Definition of household appliances Collins Dictionary Retrieved 24 July 2013 a b c d e Bulletin Manila 9 November 2014 Tips to ensure safety of home appliances Manila Bulletin Archived from the original on 5 May 2015 Retrieved 5 May 2015 a b c Encyclopedia of American Industries Volume 1 Gale Research 1994 George William 2003 Antique Electric Waffle Irons 1900 1960 A History of the Appliance Industry in 20th Century America Trafford Publishing p 1 ISBN 978 1 55395 632 7 self published source a b c d e f Efficient Appliances Save Energy and Money Natural Resources Defense Council Retrieved 4 May 2015 White Goods www icfdc com Data monitor Static scrib Retrieved 6 May 2015 a b Best Small Appliances Small Appliance Reviews Consumer Reports 29 May 2014 Retrieved 5 May 2015 David Raizman 2003 History of Modern Design Graphics and Products Since the Industrial Revolution Laurence King p 336 ISBN 9781856693486 brown goods Collins English Dictionary Archived from the original on 8 December 2014 Retrieved 5 December 2014 McDermott Catherine 30 October 2007 Design The Key Concepts Routledge p 234 ISBN 9781134361809 Archived from the original on 18 April 2016 Retrieved 5 December 2014 Compact disc hits 25th birthday BBC News BBC 17 August 2007 Retrieved 15 October 2019 Pratt Martin How long should you expect your large kitchen appliances to last Which Retrieved 27 June 2021 a b Michelle Bangert 1 September 2014 Getting Smarter All the Time The Appliance Landscape Continues to Evolve with the Rise of Internet Connected Devices Appliance Design BNP Media Archived from the original on 24 September 2015 Retrieved 5 May 2015 Essers Loek 10 December 2013 Home appliance makers connect with open source Internet of things project Computerworld Retrieved 5 May 2015 Baguley Richard McDonald Colin Appliance Science The Internet of Toasters and other things CNET Retrieved 5 May 2015 Hitchcox Alan February 2015 The Internet of uncertainty Hydraulics amp Pneumatics 68 2 8 Appliances of the Future Will Be Able to Talk over Internet The Mercury 15 January 2015 Archived from the original on 24 September 2015 Retrieved 5 May 2015 Buekens A Yang J 2014 Recycling of WEEE plastics A review The Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 16 3 415 434 doi 10 1007 s10163 014 0241 2 S2CID 108437684 Further readingDu Z 2012 The Application Research of Small Home Appliance Product Based on Computer Aided Ergonomics Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference of Modern Computer Science and Applications Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing Springer pp 522 528 ISBN 978 3 642 33030 8 Kriske Rob Kriske Mary July August 1984 Home Appliance Repair Mother Earth News Accessed May 2015 New computerized home appliance to assist with caring for the elderly Rockdale Citizen 8 April 2015 Retrieved 5 May 2015 External links nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Home appliances nbsp Look up household appliance in Wiktionary the free dictionary Home appliance at Curlie Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Home appliance amp oldid 1223453069, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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