fbpx
Wikipedia

Wright R-975 Whirlwind

December 20, 2023

The Wright R-975 Whirlwind was a series of nine-cylinder air-cooled radial aircraft engines built by the Wright Aeronautical division of Curtiss-Wright. These engines had a displacement of about 975 cu in (15.98 L) and power ratings of 300–450 hp (220–340 kW). They were the largest members of the Wright Whirlwind engine family to be produced commercially, and they were also the most numerous.

R-975 Whirlwind
A Continental-built R-975 from a Sherman tank
Type Air-cooled 9-cylinder radial piston engine
National origin United States
Manufacturer Wright Aeronautical
Built by Continental Motors
Major applications Beechcraft Staggerwing
North American BT-9
Vultee BT-15 Valiant
M4 Sherman tank
Piasecki HUP Retriever
M18 Hellcat
Produced 1929-1950s
Number built over 7,000 by Wright
over 53,000 by Continental

During World War II, Continental Motors built the R-975 under license as a powerplant for Allied tanks and other armored vehicles. Tens of thousands of engines were built for this purpose, dwarfing the R-975's usage in aircraft, where it was overshadowed by the similar Pratt & Whitney R-985. After the war, Continental continued to produce its own versions of the R-975 into the 1950s. Some of these produced as much as 550 hp (410 kW).

The R-975 powered the American World War II M18 Hellcat tank destroyer which was claimed to have been the fastest tracked armored vehicle until the introduction of the turbine powered M1 Abrams in the 1980s.[1]

Design and development edit

Wright introduced the J-6 Whirlwind family in 1928 to replace the nine-cylinder R-790 series. The J-6 family included varieties with five, seven, and nine cylinders. The nine-cylinder version was originally known as the J-6 Whirlwind Nine, or J-6-9 for short. The U.S. government designated it as the R-975; Wright later adopted this and dropped the J-6 nomenclature.

Like all the members of the J-6 Whirlwind family, the R-975 had larger cylinders than the R-790. The piston stroke of 5.5 in (14.0 cm) was unchanged, but the cylinder bore was expanded to 5.0 in (12.7 cm) from the R-790's bore of 4.5 in (11.4 cm). While the R-790 was naturally aspirated, the R-975, like the other J-6 engines, had a gear-driven supercharger to boost its power output.

Wright gradually developed the R-975, at first using suffix letters to indicate successive versions. The original R-975 (or J-6-9) was rated for 300 hp (224 kW),[2] while the R-975E of 1931 could do 330 hp (246 kW) thanks to an improved cylinder head design.[3][4][5] Wright later added numeric suffixes to show different power levels. The R-975E-1, introduced the same year as the R-975E, was rated at 365 hp (272 kW) thanks to higher-compression pistons and a slightly greater RPM limit.[3][6][7] An even more powerful version, the R-975E-3, was also introduced that year, with greater supercharging and a still higher RPM limit, and was progressively refined until the final model of 1935 could reach 450 hp (336 kW) for takeoff.[3][8][9]

Operational history edit

As the most powerful Whirlwind to be produced, commercially it was also the most successful. It powered a wide variety of civil utility aircraft, such as the Beechcraft Staggerwing, and various airliners, such as the Ford 4-AT-E Trimotor and the Lockheed 10B Electra. In addition, it powered U.S. military training aircraft including the North American BT-9 and Vultee BT-15 Valiant for the Army and the Curtiss-Wright SNC Falcon for the Navy. The Curtiss F9C Sparrowhawk parasite fighter operated from U.S. Navy airships was also powered by the R-975.

One notable record set by a Wright J-6 Whirlwind-powered aircraft occurred during July 28–30, 1931, when Russell Norton Boardman and John Louis Polando flew non-stop from Floyd Bennett Field, on Long Island to Istanbul, Turkey in the Cape Cod, a Bellanca Special J-300 high-wing monoplane in 49:20 hours, establishing a distance record of 5,011.8 miles (8,065.7 km), the first nonstop record flight to surpasse 5,000 mi (8,000 km).[10]

However, the R-975 faced heavy competition from Pratt & Whitney's R-985 Wasp Junior and from their larger R-1340 Wasp. Pratt & Whitney R-985 outsold the Wright R-975 by a wide margin.

Wright's production of the R-975 ceased in 1945, with over 7,000 engines being produced by the company.[3][11]

Production by Continental Motors edit

 
Tank manufacture (Chrysler). M-3s, the twenty-eight ton "medium" tanks being turned out in Detroit at the Chrysler tank arsenal, are powered by nine-cylinder, 400-horsepower Wright Whirlwind aviation-type engines. These men are working on the engine wiring sub-assembly.

In 1939 the U.S. Army, which had been using Continental R-670 radial engines in its light tanks, chose Continental Motors to build the R-975 under license as the engine for its M2 medium tanks. Subsequently, the same engine was selected for the M3 Lee medium tank, the M4 Sherman medium tank, the Canadian Ram tank (which used the M3 chassis), the M7 Priest self-propelled gun, the M18 Hellcat tank destroyer, and other Allied armored vehicles based on these. Continental versions of the R-975 for armored vehicles included the R-975E-C2, the R-975-C1, and the R-975-C4. In contrast to the 7,000 built by Wright, Continental built over 53,000 R-975 engines.[3]

When installed in a tank, the R-975 did not have the benefit of being cooled by air slipstream or propeller blast, so a cooling fan was attached to the power shaft and surrounded by a shroud to provide the same effect.

After the war, Continental introduced its own R-975 version for aircraft, the R9-A. Though it was basically similar to other R-975 engines, and its compression ratio and supercharger gear ratio were unchanged from the R-975E-3, other improvements in the R9-A allowed it to achieve 525 hp (391 kW) for takeoff,[12] surpassing any Wright version. A military version, the R-975-46, could reach 550 hp (410 kW), and was used in Piasecki's HUP Retriever and H-25 Army Mule helicopters. Continental's production of R-975 engines continued into the 1950s.

Other license-built R-975s edit

The engine was built in Spain as the Hispano-Suiza 9Q or Hispano-Wright 9Q without modification apart from the use of Hispano's patented nitriding finishing process and, on one version only, the 9Qdr, an epicyclic output speed reducer.[13] The R-975 was also produced under licence by Fábrica Nacional de Motores in Brazil.[14]

Variants edit

J-6-9 (R-975)
300 hp (220 kW) at 2,000 RPM.[2]
R-975-20
300 hp (220 kW) for airship use
R-975E
330 hp (250 kW) at 2,000 RPM. Higher power from improved cylinder head.[3][4][5]
R-975E-1
365 hp (272 kW) at 2,100 RPM. Higher compression ratio.[3][6][7]
R-975E-3
420 hp (310 kW) at 2,200 RPM up to 1,400 ft (430 m), 450 hp (340 kW) at 2,250 RPM for takeoff. Increased supercharging, slightly higher compression ratio.[3][8][9]
R-975E-C2
400 hp (300 kW) at 2,400 RPM. Built by Continental Motors under license for use in armored vehicles.[3][15]
Continental R9-A
500 hp (370 kW) at 2,300 RPM at 4,000 ft (1,200 m), 525 hp (391 kW) at 2,300 RPM for takeoff. Continental's improved post-war version.[12]
Hispano-Suiza 9Q
Licence built R-975 J-6 Whirlwind
Hispano-Suiza 9Qa
variant of the Licence built R-975 J-6 Whirlwind
Hispano-Suiza 9Qb
variant of the Licence built R-975 J-6 Whirlwind
Hispano-Suiza 9Qc
variant of the Licence built R-975 J-6 Whirlwind
Hispano-Suiza 9Qd
variant of the Licence built R-975 J-6 Whirlwind
Hispano-Suiza 9Qdr
variant of the Licence built R-975 J-6 Whirlwind

Applications edit

Wright J-6-9 and R-975 edit

Continental R-975 edit

 
A Grant tank R-975 engine being removed by Royal Army Ordnance Corps mechanics

Engines on display edit

Some museums which have R-975 engines on display:

Specifications (Whirlwind R-975E-3) edit

Data from FAA type certificate data sheet for the R-975E-3;[9] dimensions from Curtiss-Wright (1983).

General characteristics

  • Type: 9-cylinder supercharged air-cooled radial piston engine
  • Bore: 5.0 in (127 mm)
  • Stroke: 5.5 in (140 mm)
  • Displacement: 972 cu in (15.93 L)
  • Length: 43.0 in (109.2 cm)
  • Diameter: 45.0 in (114.3 cm)
  • Dry weight: 675 lb (306 kg)

Components

Performance

Specifications for different R-975 variants
Engine Power, continuous Power, takeoff Compression ratio Supercharger gear ratio Octane rating Dry weight
R-975E[5] 330 hp (246 kW) at 2,000 RPM 5.1:1 7.8:1 73 635 lb (288 kg)
R-975E-1[7] 365 hp (272 kW) at 2,100 RPM 6.1:1 7.8:1 73 660 lb (299 kg)
R-975E-3[9] 420 hp (313 kW) at 2,200 RPM 450 hp (336 kW) at 2,250 RPM 6.3:1 10.15:1 80 675 lb (306 kg)
Continental R9-A[12] 500 hp (373 kW) at 2,300 RPM 525 hp (391 kW) at 2,300 RPM 6.3:1 10.15:1 91 705 lb (320 kg)

See also edit

Related development

Comparable engines

Related lists

References edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Patton's Vanguard: The United States Army Fourth Armored Division, By Don M. Fox. P.25
  2. ^ a b Curtiss-Wright (1940), p. 11
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Curtiss-Wright (1983), p. 2
  4. ^ a b Curtiss-Wright (1940), p. 13
  5. ^ a b c FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet ATC 21
  6. ^ a b Curtiss-Wright (1940), p. 14
  7. ^ a b c FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet TC 87
  8. ^ a b Curtiss-Wright (1940), pp. 14, 16, 18
  9. ^ a b c d FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet TC 125
  10. ^ "'Cape Cod's' Success Climaxes 5 Years [of] Bellanca Records". The Sunday Morning Star, Wilmington, DE. August 2, 1931. Retrieved September 4, 2013.
  11. ^ Summary of Wright Engine Shipments: 1920 to 1963 (PDF), retrieved December 15, 2009. Transcribed from Wright Aeronautical documents by Robert J. Neal T; available from the Aircraft Engine Historical Society's reference page 2010-02-04 at the Wayback Machine.
  12. ^ a b c FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet E-245
  13. ^ Lage (2004) pp152-163
  14. ^ "O bom caminhão a casa torna". Jornal O Globo (in Portuguese). March 21, 2013. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  15. ^ Curtiss-Wright (1940), p. 19
  16. ^ Wright R-975 Whirlwind 9, retrieved 2009-12-25.
  17. ^ , archived from the original on 2009-08-27, retrieved 2009-12-15. This page has a photo of a Wright R-975.
  18. ^ Aircraft Engines, retrieved 2009-12-17. This personal collection of museum aircraft engine photos includes a photo of the museum's R-975 under the section for the Hiller Museum.
  19. ^ , archived from the original on 2009-08-27, retrieved 2009-12-15. This page has a photo of a Continental R-975-46A.
  20. ^ Continental R-975-46, retrieved 2009-12-16.
  21. ^ , archived from the original on 2009-10-04, retrieved 2009-12-15.
  22. ^ Queensland Air Museum: Courtesy of Bruce Vander Mark, retrieved 2009-12-15. This page has a photo of a Continental R-975.

Bibliography edit

  • Curtiss-Wright (1940), (PDF), pp. 11, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, archived from the original (PDF) on February 15, 2010, retrieved December 14, 2009. Available from the Aircraft Engine Historical Society's .
  • Lage, Manual (2004). Hispano Suiza in Aeronautics. Warrendale, USA: SAE International. ISBN 978-0768009972.
  • Curtiss-Wright (1983), (PDF), p. 2, archived from the original (PDF) on October 31, 2010, retrieved December 14, 2009. Available from the Aircraft Engine Historical Society's .

The following Federal Aviation Administration type certificate data sheets, all available from the FAA's Regulatory and Guidance Library:

  • R-975E: Type Certificate Data Sheet ATC 21, retrieved December 14, 2009.
  • R-975E-1: Type Certificate Data Sheet TC 87, retrieved December 14, 2009.
  • R-975E-3: Type Certificate Data Sheet TC 125, retrieved December 14, 2009.
  • Continental R9-A: Type Certificate Data Sheet E-245, retrieved December 15, 2009.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wright R-975.
  • Engine Data Sheets: US Aero Engines — R-975 page

December 20, 2023
wright, whirlwind, series, nine, cylinder, cooled, radial, aircraft, engines, built, wright, aeronautical, division, curtiss, wright, these, engines, displacement, about, power, ratings, they, were, largest, members, wright, whirlwind, engine, family, produced. The Wright R 975 Whirlwind was a series of nine cylinder air cooled radial aircraft engines built by the Wright Aeronautical division of Curtiss Wright These engines had a displacement of about 975 cu in 15 98 L and power ratings of 300 450 hp 220 340 kW They were the largest members of the Wright Whirlwind engine family to be produced commercially and they were also the most numerous R 975 WhirlwindA Continental built R 975 from a Sherman tankType Air cooled 9 cylinder radial piston engineNational origin United StatesManufacturer Wright AeronauticalBuilt by Continental MotorsMajor applications Beechcraft Staggerwing North American BT 9 Vultee BT 15 Valiant M4 Sherman tank Piasecki HUP Retriever M18 HellcatProduced 1929 1950sNumber built over 7 000 by Wrightover 53 000 by ContinentalDuring World War II Continental Motors built the R 975 under license as a powerplant for Allied tanks and other armored vehicles Tens of thousands of engines were built for this purpose dwarfing the R 975 s usage in aircraft where it was overshadowed by the similar Pratt amp Whitney R 985 After the war Continental continued to produce its own versions of the R 975 into the 1950s Some of these produced as much as 550 hp 410 kW The R 975 powered the American World War II M18 Hellcat tank destroyer which was claimed to have been the fastest tracked armored vehicle until the introduction of the turbine powered M1 Abrams in the 1980s 1 Contents 1 Design and development 2 Operational history 2 1 Production by Continental Motors 2 2 Other license built R 975s 3 Variants 4 Applications 4 1 Wright J 6 9 and R 975 4 2 Continental R 975 5 Engines on display 6 Specifications Whirlwind R 975E 3 6 1 General characteristics 6 2 Components 6 3 Performance 7 See also 8 References 8 1 Notes 8 2 Bibliography 9 External linksDesign and development editWright introduced the J 6 Whirlwind family in 1928 to replace the nine cylinder R 790 series The J 6 family included varieties with five seven and nine cylinders The nine cylinder version was originally known as the J 6 Whirlwind Nine or J 6 9 for short The U S government designated it as the R 975 Wright later adopted this and dropped the J 6 nomenclature Like all the members of the J 6 Whirlwind family the R 975 had larger cylinders than the R 790 The piston stroke of 5 5 in 14 0 cm was unchanged but the cylinder bore was expanded to 5 0 in 12 7 cm from the R 790 s bore of 4 5 in 11 4 cm While the R 790 was naturally aspirated the R 975 like the other J 6 engines had a gear driven supercharger to boost its power output Wright gradually developed the R 975 at first using suffix letters to indicate successive versions The original R 975 or J 6 9 was rated for 300 hp 224 kW 2 while the R 975E of 1931 could do 330 hp 246 kW thanks to an improved cylinder head design 3 4 5 Wright later added numeric suffixes to show different power levels The R 975E 1 introduced the same year as the R 975E was rated at 365 hp 272 kW thanks to higher compression pistons and a slightly greater RPM limit 3 6 7 An even more powerful version the R 975E 3 was also introduced that year with greater supercharging and a still higher RPM limit and was progressively refined until the final model of 1935 could reach 450 hp 336 kW for takeoff 3 8 9 Operational history editAs the most powerful Whirlwind to be produced commercially it was also the most successful It powered a wide variety of civil utility aircraft such as the Beechcraft Staggerwing and various airliners such as the Ford 4 AT E Trimotor and the Lockheed 10B Electra In addition it powered U S military training aircraft including the North American BT 9 and Vultee BT 15 Valiant for the Army and the Curtiss Wright SNC Falcon for the Navy The Curtiss F9C Sparrowhawk parasite fighter operated from U S Navy airships was also powered by the R 975 One notable record set by a Wright J 6 Whirlwind powered aircraft occurred during July 28 30 1931 when Russell Norton Boardman and John Louis Polando flew non stop from Floyd Bennett Field on Long Island to Istanbul Turkey in the Cape Cod a Bellanca Special J 300 high wing monoplane in 49 20 hours establishing a distance record of 5 011 8 miles 8 065 7 km the first nonstop record flight to surpasse 5 000 mi 8 000 km 10 However the R 975 faced heavy competition from Pratt amp Whitney s R 985 Wasp Junior and from their larger R 1340 Wasp Pratt amp Whitney R 985 outsold the Wright R 975 by a wide margin Wright s production of the R 975 ceased in 1945 with over 7 000 engines being produced by the company 3 11 Production by Continental Motors edit nbsp Tank manufacture Chrysler M 3s the twenty eight ton medium tanks being turned out in Detroit at the Chrysler tank arsenal are powered by nine cylinder 400 horsepower Wright Whirlwind aviation type engines These men are working on the engine wiring sub assembly In 1939 the U S Army which had been using Continental R 670 radial engines in its light tanks chose Continental Motors to build the R 975 under license as the engine for its M2 medium tanks Subsequently the same engine was selected for the M3 Lee medium tank the M4 Sherman medium tank the Canadian Ram tank which used the M3 chassis the M7 Priest self propelled gun the M18 Hellcat tank destroyer and other Allied armored vehicles based on these Continental versions of the R 975 for armored vehicles included the R 975E C2 the R 975 C1 and the R 975 C4 In contrast to the 7 000 built by Wright Continental built over 53 000 R 975 engines 3 When installed in a tank the R 975 did not have the benefit of being cooled by air slipstream or propeller blast so a cooling fan was attached to the power shaft and surrounded by a shroud to provide the same effect After the war Continental introduced its own R 975 version for aircraft the R9 A Though it was basically similar to other R 975 engines and its compression ratio and supercharger gear ratio were unchanged from the R 975E 3 other improvements in the R9 A allowed it to achieve 525 hp 391 kW for takeoff 12 surpassing any Wright version A military version the R 975 46 could reach 550 hp 410 kW and was used in Piasecki s HUP Retriever and H 25 Army Mule helicopters Continental s production of R 975 engines continued into the 1950s Other license built R 975s edit The engine was built in Spain as the Hispano Suiza 9Q or Hispano Wright 9Q without modification apart from the use of Hispano s patented nitriding finishing process and on one version only the 9Qdr an epicyclic output speed reducer 13 The R 975 was also produced under licence by Fabrica Nacional de Motores in Brazil 14 Variants editJ 6 9 R 975 300 hp 220 kW at 2 000 RPM 2 R 975 20 300 hp 220 kW for airship use R 975E 330 hp 250 kW at 2 000 RPM Higher power from improved cylinder head 3 4 5 R 975E 1 365 hp 272 kW at 2 100 RPM Higher compression ratio 3 6 7 R 975E 3 420 hp 310 kW at 2 200 RPM up to 1 400 ft 430 m 450 hp 340 kW at 2 250 RPM for takeoff Increased supercharging slightly higher compression ratio 3 8 9 R 975E C2 400 hp 300 kW at 2 400 RPM Built by Continental Motors under license for use in armored vehicles 3 15 Continental R9 A 500 hp 370 kW at 2 300 RPM at 4 000 ft 1 200 m 525 hp 391 kW at 2 300 RPM for takeoff Continental s improved post war version 12 Hispano Suiza 9Q Licence built R 975 J 6 Whirlwind Hispano Suiza 9Qa variant of the Licence built R 975 J 6 Whirlwind Hispano Suiza 9Qb variant of the Licence built R 975 J 6 Whirlwind Hispano Suiza 9Qc variant of the Licence built R 975 J 6 Whirlwind Hispano Suiza 9Qd variant of the Licence built R 975 J 6 Whirlwind Hispano Suiza 9Qdr variant of the Licence built R 975 J 6 WhirlwindApplications editWright J 6 9 and R 975 edit ASJA L2 Avro Anson Mk IV Beechcraft Staggerwing B17R C17R and D17R Bellanca CH 300 Pacemaker Berliner Joyce OJ 2 Caribbean Traders Husky III Cessna DC 6A Chief Curtiss Kingbird Curtiss Wright CW 14 Travel Air Speedwing Sportsman Deluxe Osprey Curtiss Wright CW 22 Curtiss Wright SNC 1 Falcon de Havilland DH 75B Hawk Moth Dewoitine D 31 Dewoitine D 35 Douglas RD 1 amp C 21 OA 3 Dolphin Emsco B 5 Challenger Goodyear K 1 Curtiss F9C Sparrowhawk Fokker Universal Fokker C 5 Fokker C 7 Fokker C XIV Fokker T VIII Ford 4 AT E Trimotor Interstate XTD3R Ireland N 2B Neptune Keystone XOK Keystone Loening K 84 Commuter Koolhoven F K 56 Lockheed Model 12B Electra Junior McDonnell XV 1 Messerschmitt M 18 Noorduyn Norseman Mk 1 North American BT 9 North American NA 57 North American NA 64 Yale Pitcairn PA 19 Pitcairn Cierva PCA 2 OP 1 Pitcairn PA 33 amp 34 OP 2 Ryan B 5 Brougham Spartan C4 300 Stearman Model 6C Cloudboy Stinson SM 1F Detroiter Timm T 840 Townsend Thunderbird as rebuilt Travel Air B9 4000 Travel Air 6000B Travel Air Type R Mystery Ship VL Pyry Vultee BT 15 Valiant Waco JTO Waco JYO Waco JWM and JYM Mailplanes M4 Sherman Continental R 975 edit nbsp A Grant tank R 975 engine being removed by Royal Army Ordnance Corps mechanicsBeech D 18C Grizzly I cruiser Canadian production of M4A1 Sherman tank Kangaroo armoured personnel carrier modification of M7 Priest and other vehicles Kellett XR 10 M3 Lee M4 Sherman M7 Priest M18 Hellcat M12 Gun Motor Carriage M40 Gun Motor Carriage McDonnell XV 1 Piasecki HUP Retriever Ram tank Sexton self propelled gun Sikorsky XHJS 1 S 53 prototype helicopter Skink anti aircraft tank anti aircraft vehicle based on Grizzly IEngines on display editSome museums which have R 975 engines on display Pima Air amp Space Museum in Tucson Arizona has a Wright R 975 16 17 Hiller Aviation Museum in San Carlos California has a Wright R 975 18 National Museum of Naval Aviation near Pensacola Florida has a Continental R 975 19 Southern Museum of Flight in Birmingham Alabama has a Continental R 975 20 Queensland Air Museum in Caloundra Queensland Australia has a Continental R 975 21 22 Lake Boga Catalina Museum Lake Boga Victoria Australia has a Continental Wright R 975 citation needed Specifications Whirlwind R 975E 3 editData from FAA type certificate data sheet for the R 975E 3 9 dimensions from Curtiss Wright 1983 General characteristics Type 9 cylinder supercharged air cooled radial piston engine Bore 5 0 in 127 mm Stroke 5 5 in 140 mm Displacement 972 cu in 15 93 L Length 43 0 in 109 2 cm Diameter 45 0 in 114 3 cm Dry weight 675 lb 306 kg Components Valvetrain 2 valves per cylinder pushrod actuated Supercharger gear driven 10 15 1 impeller gear ratio Fuel type 80 octane Reduction gear Direct drivePerformance Power output 420 hp 313 kW at 2 200 RPM up to 1 400 ft 427 m 450 hp 336 kW at 2 250 RPM for takeoff Specific power 0 43 hp cu in 19 7 kW L Compression ratio 6 3 1 Power to weight ratio 0 62 hp lb 1 02 kW kg Specifications for different R 975 variants Engine Power continuous Power takeoff Compression ratio Supercharger gear ratio Octane rating Dry weightR 975E 5 330 hp 246 kW at 2 000 RPM 5 1 1 7 8 1 73 635 lb 288 kg R 975E 1 7 365 hp 272 kW at 2 100 RPM 6 1 1 7 8 1 73 660 lb 299 kg R 975E 3 9 420 hp 313 kW at 2 200 RPM 450 hp 336 kW at 2 250 RPM 6 3 1 10 15 1 80 675 lb 306 kg Continental R9 A 12 500 hp 373 kW at 2 300 RPM 525 hp 391 kW at 2 300 RPM 6 3 1 10 15 1 91 705 lb 320 kg See also editWright Whirlwind seriesRelated development Wright J 5 R 790 Wright J 6 5 R 540 Wright J 6 7 R 760Comparable engines Alvis Leonides Pratt amp Whitney R 985 Wasp Junior Bristol MercuryRelated lists List of aircraft enginesReferences editNotes edit Patton s Vanguard The United States Army Fourth Armored Division By Don M Fox P 25 a b Curtiss Wright 1940 p 11 a b c d e f g h i Curtiss Wright 1983 p 2 a b Curtiss Wright 1940 p 13 a b c FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet ATC 21 a b Curtiss Wright 1940 p 14 a b c FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet TC 87 a b Curtiss Wright 1940 pp 14 16 18 a b c d FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet TC 125 Cape Cod s Success Climaxes 5 Years of Bellanca Records The Sunday Morning Star Wilmington DE August 2 1931 Retrieved September 4 2013 Summary of Wright Engine Shipments 1920 to 1963 PDF retrieved December 15 2009 Transcribed from Wright Aeronautical documents by Robert J Neal T available from the Aircraft Engine Historical Society s reference page Archived 2010 02 04 at the Wayback Machine a b c FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet E 245 Lage 2004 pp152 163 O bom caminhao a casa torna Jornal O Globo in Portuguese March 21 2013 Retrieved October 1 2018 Curtiss Wright 1940 p 19 Wright R 975 Whirlwind 9 retrieved 2009 12 25 Image Galleries by Gary and Janet Brossett Pima Air and Space Museum in Tucson Arizona archived from the original on 2009 08 27 retrieved 2009 12 15 This page has a photo of a Wright R 975 Aircraft Engines retrieved 2009 12 17 This personal collection of museum aircraft engine photos includes a photo of the museum s R 975 under the section for the Hiller Museum Image Galleries by Gary and Janet Brossett National Museum of Naval Aviation in Pensacola Florida archived from the original on 2009 08 27 retrieved 2009 12 15 This page has a photo of a Continental R 975 46A Continental R 975 46 retrieved 2009 12 16 Queensland Air Museum The Engine Collection archived from the original on 2009 10 04 retrieved 2009 12 15 Queensland Air Museum Courtesy of Bruce Vander Mark retrieved 2009 12 15 This page has a photo of a Continental R 975 Bibliography edit Curtiss Wright 1940 Wright Engines Past and Present PDF pp 11 13 14 16 18 19 archived from the original PDF on February 15 2010 retrieved December 14 2009 Available from the Aircraft Engine Historical Society s reference page Lage Manual 2004 Hispano Suiza in Aeronautics Warrendale USA SAE International ISBN 978 0768009972 Curtiss Wright 1983 Historical Engine Summary Beginning 1930 PDF p 2 archived from the original PDF on October 31 2010 retrieved December 14 2009 Available from the Aircraft Engine Historical Society s reference page The following Federal Aviation Administration type certificate data sheets all available from the FAA s Regulatory and Guidance Library R 975E Type Certificate Data Sheet ATC 21 retrieved December 14 2009 R 975E 1 Type Certificate Data Sheet TC 87 retrieved December 14 2009 R 975E 3 Type Certificate Data Sheet TC 125 retrieved December 14 2009 Continental R9 A Type Certificate Data Sheet E 245 retrieved December 15 2009 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wright R 975 Engine Data Sheets US Aero Engines R 975 page Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Wright R 975 Whirlwind amp oldid 1167937479, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.