Hindōḷaṃ is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is an audava rāgam (or owdava rāgam, meaning pentatonic scale). It is a janya rāgam (derived scale), as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes). Hindolam is not the same as the Hindustani Hindol. The equivalent of Hindolam in Hindustani music is Malkauns[1] (or Malkosh[2]).
It is known to be a rāgam that is generally beautiful and soothing to listen to. Being symmetrical in its ascending and descending scales, it lends itself very well to improvisation and is therefore popular at concerts.
Hindōḷaṃ is a symmetric rāgam that does not contain rishabham and panchamam. It is a pentatonic scale (audava-audava rāgam[1][2] in Carnatic music classification—audava means 'of 5'). Since pentatonic scales can be found in other world music such as Chinese music, shades of Mohanam and Hindōḷaṃ can sometimes be traced in Chinese and east Asian music. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
This rāgam uses the swaras sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatam and kaisiki nishadam. Hindolam is not a melakarta rāgam, since it does not contain all the seven swaras.
Experts in Carnatic music hold differences of opinion on the janaka rāgams (rāgams of origin) that should be attributed to Hindolam. It is widely accepted that the 20th melakarta, Natabhairavi, is the parent rāgam of Hindolam, but some would like to associate it with the 8th melakarta, Hanumatodi.[1][2] It can be derived from both, by dropping the rishabham and panchamam.
Arohanam and avarohanam for Hindolam with tambura
Popular Compositions
Sāmajavara gamanā by the maestro Tyagaraja is one of the most popular compositions in Hindolam. Mamavatu śri Sarasvati by Mysore Vasudevachar is another popular composition. Here are some more kritis composed in Hindolam:
Samajavaragamana, Manasulōni Marmamulu and Gōvardhana Giridhāri by Tyagaraja
Madhukara Vritti, Yaare Rangana,[3]Avanavana Kayva, by Purandaradasa
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.
Hindolam's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 4 other major pentatonic rāgams, namely, Mohanam, Shuddha Saveri, Udayaravichandrika (also known as Shuddha Dhanyasi) and Madhyamavati. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam. For more details and illustration of this concept refer Graha bhedam on Mohanam.
Scale similarities
Saramati has an asymmetric scale, with the ascending scale of Natabhairavi, while the descending scale is same as Hindolam. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R2 G2 M1 P D1 N2 S : S N2 D1 M1 G2 S
^ abcRagas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
^ abcRaganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras
^"Rama Mantrava". YouTube. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021.
^"Namo Venkatesaya - Single by Mahesh Mahadev, Priyadarshini & S. P. Balasubrahmanyam". Apple Music. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
January 14, 2023
hindolam, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, july, 2020, learn. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Hindolam news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message Hindōḷaṃ is a ragam in Carnatic music musical scale of South Indian classical music It is an audava ragam or owdava ragam meaning pentatonic scale It is a janya ragam derived scale as it does not have all the seven swaras musical notes Hindolam is not the same as the Hindustani Hindol The equivalent of Hindolam in Hindustani music is Malkauns 1 or Malkosh 2 HindolaArohanamS G M D N ṠAvarohanamṠ N D M G SIt is known to be a ragam that is generally beautiful and soothing to listen to Being symmetrical in its ascending and descending scales it lends itself very well to improvisation and is therefore popular at concerts Contents 1 Structure and Lakshana 2 Popular Compositions 3 Tamil Film Songs 4 Non Film Songs 5 Kannada Film Songs 6 Related ragams 6 1 Scale similarities 7 Notes 8 ReferencesStructure and Lakshana Edit Hindolam scale with shadjam at C Hindōḷaṃ is a symmetric ragam that does not contain rishabham and panchamam It is a pentatonic scale audava audava ragam 1 2 in Carnatic music classification audava means of 5 Since pentatonic scales can be found in other world music such as Chinese music shades of Mohanam and Hindōḷaṃ can sometimes be traced in Chinese and east Asian music Its arohaṇa avarohaṇa structure ascending and descending scale is as follows see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms arohaṇa S G M D N Ṡ a avarohaṇa Ṡ N D M G S b This ragam uses the swaras sadharana gandharam shuddha madhyamam shuddha dhaivatam and kaisiki nishadam Hindolam is not a melakarta ragam since it does not contain all the seven swaras Experts in Carnatic music hold differences of opinion on the janaka ragams ragams of origin that should be attributed to Hindolam It is widely accepted that the 20th melakarta Natabhairavi is the parent ragam of Hindolam but some would like to associate it with the 8th melakarta Hanumatodi 1 2 It can be derived from both by dropping the rishabham and panchamam source source source Arohanam and avarohanam for Hindolam with tamburaPopular Compositions EditSamajavara gamana by the maestro Tyagaraja is one of the most popular compositions in Hindolam Mamavatu sri Sarasvati by Mysore Vasudevachar is another popular composition Here are some more kritis composed in Hindolam Samajavaragamana Manasulōni Marmamulu and Gōvardhana Giridhari by Tyagaraja Madhukara Vritti Yaare Rangana 3 Avanavana Kayva by Purandaradasa Dasa Dasara Maneya By Kanakadasa Guru Purandara Dasare Uma Kathyayani By Vijaya Dasa Hari Sarvothama Vayu Jeevothama By Kamalesha Vittala Dasu Gōvardhana Girisam Smarami Neerajakshi Kamakshi and Saraswati Vidhiyuvathi by Muthuswami Dikshitar Padmanabha Pahi by Swathi Thirunal Maa Ramanan Sama Gana lolalane and Nambikettavar by Papanasam Sivan Sadanandamayi Chinmayi by Oothukadu Venkata Kavi Mamavatu Sri Saraswati by Mysore Vasudevacharya Chintayami Jagadamba by Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar Deva Devaṃ Bhaje Konḍalalō Nelakonna Garuda Gamana Narayana Ni Namame Nigama Nigama Nigamandha by Annamacharya Ramanakku Mannan Mudi by Arunachala Kavi Mal Marugan varnam by Thanjavur Shankara Iyer Tillana Dhim na naa tha dhirana by BalamuralikrishnaNumerous bhajans stotras kritis and film music numbers also have been composed in the Hindolam ragam Tamil Film Songs EditSong Movie Year Composer SingerAzhaikathey Manaalane Mangaiyin Baakkiyam 1957 P Adinarayana Rao P SuseelaKangalum Kavi Paadudhe Adutha Veettu Penn 1960 Sirkazhi Govindarajan Thiruchi LoganathanEnnai Vittu Odipoga Mudiyumaa Kumudham 1961 K V Mahadevan Sirkazhi Govindarajan P SuseelaMaamaa Maamaa Maamaa T M Soundararajan K Jamuna RaniIravukku Aayiram Kulamagal Radhai 1963 P SuseelaPachchai Maa Malaipol Meni Thirumal Perumai 1968 T M SoundararajanOr Aayiram Parvaiyile Vallavanukku Vallavan 1965 Vedha Credits only Nilavukku Enmel Ennadi Kobam Policekaran Magal 1962 Viswanathan Ramamoorthy P B SreenivasMalaro Nilavo Raga Bandhangal Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan P JayachandranRamanukku Mannan Mudi Pathu Matha Pantham Shankar Ganesh P BhanumathiManame Muruganin Motor Sundaram Pillai 1966 M S Viswanathan Soolamangalam JayalakshmiIyarkai Ennum Shanti Nilayam 1969 S P Balasubrahmanyam P SusheelaUnnidathil Ennai Koduthen Avalukendru Or Manam 1971 S JanakiOm Namashivaya Salangai Oli 1983 IlayarajaVilakku Vaipom Athma 1993Sri Devi En Vazhvil Ilamai Kolam 1980 K J YesudasDarisanam Kidaikatha Alaigal Oivathillai 1981 Ilayaraja S JanakiNaan Thedum Sevanthi Dharma Pathini 1986Yentha Jenmam Ezhumalayan Magimai 1991Unnal Mudiyum Thambi Unnal Mudiyum Thambi 1988 S P BalasubrahmanyamKanna Unai Thedugiren Unakkaagave Vaazhgiren 1986 S P Balasubrahmanyam S JanakiThendral Thaan Keladi Kanmani 1990 K J Yesudas K S ChitraUnnai Kanamal Naan Yethu Kavidhai Paadum Alaigal Arunmozhi K S ChitraHey Raja Jallikattu 1987 film 1987 S P Balasubrahmanyam ManoOoradungum Saamathile Pudhupatti Ponnuthaayi Uma Ramanan SwarnalathaEn Veettu Jannal Raman Abdullah 1997 Arunmozhi BhavathariniOh Janani Pudhiya Raagam 1991 ManoNilave Nee Vara Vendum Ennarukil Nee Irunthal IllayarajaVazhatha Pennin Manam Thanga Thamaraigal K S ChithraPanja Swarangal Puthiya Sangamam Ramakrishna Raja P SusheelaMarghazhi Poove May Maadham 1994 A R Rahman Shobha ShankarYakkai Thiri Aaytha Ezhuthu 2004 A R Rahman Pop Shalini Tanvi Shah Sunitha SarathyIrumbile Enthiran 2010 A R Rahman Kash n KrissyMagudi Magudi Kadal 2013 Aryan Dinesh Chinmayee Tanvi ShahInnisai Alapadaiye Varalaru 2006 Naresh Iyer MahathiKumudam Pol Moovendhar 1998 Sirpy HariharanKatradikkum Neram Vivasaayi Magan 1997 Mano K S ChitraThevaram Paadatha Partha Parvayil M M A IniyavanSirumalli Poove Jallikattu Kaalai 1994 DevaUn Marbile Vizhi Moodi Ninaithen Vandhai 1998 K S ChitraChinna Chinna Kiliye Kannedhirey Thondrinal Hariharan Anuradha Sriram Mahanadhi ShobanaPaadavandha Poonguyile Oyilattam S P BalasubrahmanyamVa Va Endhan Cheran Pandiyan 1991 SoundaryanAathi Vadayile Sindhu Nathi Poo 1994 K J Yesudas Asha LathaAdiye Adi Chinna Pulla Mano S JanakiSangeetha Vanil Chinna Poove Mella Pesu 1987 S A Rajkumar S P Balasubrahmanyam Vani JairamEnakkoru Devan Idhaya Deepam 1989 Chandrabose K S ChitraIthazhodu Ithal Serum Mannukkul Vairam 1986 Devendran S P Balasubrahmanyam S JanakiThendraliley Mithanthu Puthiya Thendral S P Balasubrahmanyam K S ChitraSiragulla Nilave Vaa Inidhu Inidhu Kadhal Inidhu 2003 Devi Sri PrasadChinna Chinna Megam Devaraagam 1996 M M Keeravani S P Balasubrahmanyam Sujatha MohanSanthanam Theychachi Manikkam 1996 Karthik Raja BhavathariniChandira Mandalathai Nilaave Vaa 1998 Vidyasagar Vijay Harini S P CharanKavidhai Iravu Sullan 2004 Karthik K S ChitraVatta Vatta Thennavan 2003 Yuvan Shankar Raja Unni Menon PadmalathaKalavani Kodiveeran 2017 N R Raghunanthan V V Prasanna SoundaryaOthaiyadi Pathayila Kanaa 2018 Dhibu Ninan Thomas Anirudh RavichanderKadai Kannaaley Bhoomi 2021 D Imman Shreya Ghoshal Varun ParandhamanNon Film Songs EditSong Language Album Year Composer Lyricist Singer Audio LabelNarudu Gurudan i Telugu Namo Venkatesaya 4 2019 Mahesh Mahadev Kaiwara Sri Yogi Nareyana S P Balasubhramanyam Priyadarshini Mahesh Mahadev Raghuram PM AudiosKannada Film Songs EditSong Movie Year Composer SingerGharani Ghara Gharane Aptharakshaka 2010 Guru Kiran S P BalasubhramanyamNagisalu Neenu Naguvenu Naanu Gaali Maathu 1981 Rajan Nagendra S JanakiNanna Neenu Gellalaare Nee Nanna Gellalaare 1981 Rajkumar S JanakiNeenu Neene Illi Naanu Naane Gadibidi Ganda 1993 S P BalasubhramanyamBaanina Anchinda Bande Shravana Banthu 1984 RajkumarRelated ragams EditThis section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this ragam Hindolam s notes when shifted using Graha bhedam yields 4 other major pentatonic ragams namely Mohanam Shuddha Saveri Udayaravichandrika also known as Shuddha Dhanyasi and Madhyamavati Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the ragam For more details and illustration of this concept refer Graha bhedam on Mohanam Scale similarities Edit Saramati has an asymmetric scale with the ascending scale of Natabhairavi while the descending scale is same as Hindolam Its arohaṇa avarohaṇa structure is S R2 G2 M1 P D1 N2 S S N2 D1 M1 G2 SNotes Edit Alternate notations Hindustani S G M Ḏ Ṉ ṠWestern C E F A B C Alternate notations Hindustani Ṡ Ṉ Ḏ M G SWestern C B A F E CReferences Edit India portal Music portal a b c Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr S Bhagyalekshmy Pub 1990 CBH Publications a b c Raganidhi by P Subba Rao Pub 1964 The Music Academy of Madras Rama Mantrava YouTube Archived from the original on 21 December 2021 Namo Venkatesaya Single by Mahesh Mahadev Priyadarshini amp S P Balasubrahmanyam Apple Music Retrieved 5 September 2020 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hindolam amp oldid 1128067623, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
