This section needs to be updated. The reason given is: This section uses long abandoned groups, refuted by molecular phylogenetics.. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(August 2023)
The three subdivisions of this large clade are quite diverse:
Opisthobranchia are almost all marine species, some shelled and some not. The internal organs of the opisthobranchs have undergone detorsion (unwinding of the viscera that were twisted during torsion).
The Pulmonata includes the majority of land snails and slugs, many freshwater snails, and a small number of marine species. The mantle cavity of the Pulmonata is modified into an air-breathing organ. They are also characterized by detorsion and a symmetrically-arranged nervous system. The pulmonates almost always lack an operculum and are hermaphroditic.
The families currently included in Heterobranchia have historically been placed in many different parts of the taxonomic class of gastropods. Earlier authors (such as J.E. Gray, 1840) considered Heterobranchia to consist of only marine gastropods, and conceptualized it as a borderline category, intermediate between the Opisthobranchia & Pulmonata, and all the other gastropods.[7]
The (sometimes recognized) category Heterostropha within the Heterobranchia, which includes such families as Architectonicidae, the sundial or staircase snails, is primarily characterized by a shell which has a heterostrophic protoconch, in other words the apical whorls are coiled in the opposite plane to the adult whorls. The classification of this group was revised by Ponder & Warén in 1988.[8]
The graph of neighbor-joiningphylogenetic tree shows that there is no clade-supporting pattern for the monophyly of Opisthobranchia (green) or of Pulmonata (yellow) based on datasets by Jörger et al. (2010).[9]
(not monophyletic in study by Jörger et al. (2010)[9])
Referencesedit
^"PBDB". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
^Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdes A. & Warén A. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology, 47(1-2). ConchBooks: Hackenheim, Germany. ISBN3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997. 397 pp. http://www.vliz.be/Vmdcdata/imis2/ref.php?refid=78278
^Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Hausdorf, Bernhard; Kaim, Andrzej; Kano, Yasunori; Nützel, Alexander; Parkhaev, Pavel; Schrödl, Michael; Strong, Ellen E. (2017). "Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families". Malacologia. 61 (1–2): 1–526. doi:10.4002/040.061.0201. ISSN 0076-2997.
^Pabst, Emily A; Kocot, Kevin M (2018-08-01). "Phylogenomics confirms monophyly of Nudipleura (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia)". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 84 (3): 259–265. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyy013. ISSN 0260-1230.
^Moles, Juan; Giribet, Gonzalo (2021). "A polyvalent and universal tool for genomic studies in gastropod molluscs (Heterobranchia)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 155: 106996. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106996. PMID 33148425. S2CID 226258146.
^Wilson, Nerida G; Jörger, Katharina M; Brenzinger, Bastian; Schrödl, Michael (2017-11-01). "Phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic worm-like Rhodopemorpha slugs as basal Heterobranchia". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 83 (4): 399–408. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyx031. ISSN 0260-1230.
^Haszprunar G. (1985). "The Heterobranchia ― a new concept of the phylogeny of the higher Gastropoda". Zeitschrift für zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung. 23 (1): 15–37. ISSN 0044-3808.
^Ponder, W. F.; Warén, A. (1988). "Classification of the Caenogastropoda and Heterostropha- A list of family-group names and higher taxa". Malacological Review Supplement. 4: 288–317.
^ abcdeJörger K. M.; Stöger I.; Kano Y.; Fukuda H.; Knebelsberger T.; Schrödl M. (2010). "On the origin of Acochlidia and other enigmatic euthyneuran gastropods, with implications for the systematics of Heterobranchia". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10: 323. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-323. PMC3087543. PMID 20973994.
Further readingedit
Dinapoli A. (2009). Phylogeny and Evolution of the Heterobranchia (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Thesis, Frankfurt am Main, 176 pp. PDF[permanent dead link].
Dinapoli A.; Klussmann-Kolb A. (2010). "The long way to diversity – Phylogeny and evolution of the Heterobranchia (Mollusca: Gastropoda)"". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 55 (1): 60–76. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.09.019. PMID 19778622.
April 12, 2024
heterobranchia, heterobranchs, meaning, different, gilled, snails, taxonomic, clade, snails, slugs, which, includes, marine, aquatic, terrestrial, gastropod, mollusks, temporal, range, emsian, present, preꞒ, nfour, examples, scientific, classificationdomain, e. Heterobranchia the heterobranchs meaning different gilled snails is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs which includes marine aquatic and terrestrial gastropod mollusks HeterobranchiaTemporal range Emsian Present 1 PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NFour examples of HeterobranchiaScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum MolluscaClass GastropodaSubclass HeterobranchiaJ E Gray 1840Taxonomic subcategoriesinformal group Lower Heterobranchia clade Nudipleura clade Euopisthobranchia clade PanpulmonataHeterobranchia is one of the main clades of gastropods Currently Heterobranchia comprises three informal groups the lower heterobranchs the opisthobranchs and the pulmonates 2 A shell of the marine species Bulla quoyii which is an opisthobranch Contents 1 Diversity 2 Taxonomy 2 1 Current taxonomy 3 4 5 6 2 2 Older taxonomy 2 3 2005 taxonomy 2 4 2010 taxonomy 3 References 4 Further readingDiversity editThis section needs to be updated The reason given is This section uses long abandoned groups refuted by molecular phylogenetics Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information August 2023 The three subdivisions of this large clade are quite diverse The Lower Heterobranchia includes shelled marine and freshwater species Opisthobranchia are almost all marine species some shelled and some not The internal organs of the opisthobranchs have undergone detorsion unwinding of the viscera that were twisted during torsion The Pulmonata includes the majority of land snails and slugs many freshwater snails and a small number of marine species The mantle cavity of the Pulmonata is modified into an air breathing organ They are also characterized by detorsion and a symmetrically arranged nervous system The pulmonates almost always lack an operculum and are hermaphroditic Taxonomy edit nbsp Berthella martensi a pleurobranch Current taxonomy 3 4 5 6 edit Heterobranchia Valvatoidea Gray 1840 Architectonicoidea Gray 1850 Mathildoidea Dall 1889 Omalogyroidea G O Sars 1878 Allomorpha Murchisonelloidea Casey 1904 Rhodopoidea Ihering 1876 Orbitestelloidea Iredale 1917 Cimoidea Waren 1993 Euthyneura Actenonacea Acteonoidea d Orbigny 1843 Rissoelloidea Gray 1850 Tjaernoeiidae Waren 1991 Ringipleura Ringiculoidea Philippi 1853 Nudipleura Tectipleura Euopistobranchia PanpulmonataOlder taxonomy edit The families currently included in Heterobranchia have historically been placed in many different parts of the taxonomic class of gastropods Earlier authors such as J E Gray 1840 considered Heterobranchia to consist of only marine gastropods and conceptualized it as a borderline category intermediate between the Opisthobranchia amp Pulmonata and all the other gastropods 7 The sometimes recognized category Heterostropha within the Heterobranchia which includes such families as Architectonicidae the sundial or staircase snails is primarily characterized by a shell which has a heterostrophic protoconch in other words the apical whorls are coiled in the opposite plane to the adult whorls The classification of this group was revised by Ponder amp Waren in 1988 8 According to the older taxonomy of the Gastropoda Ponder amp Lindberg 1997 the Heterobranchia were ranked as a superorder 2005 taxonomy edit nbsp The graph of neighbor joining phylogenetic tree shows that there is no clade supporting pattern for the monophyly of Opisthobranchia green or of Pulmonata yellow based on datasets by Jorger et al 2010 9 Heterobranchia is currently one of the main clades of gastropods For a detailed taxonomy see Taxonomy of the Gastropoda Bouchet amp Rocroi 2005 Clade Heterobranchia 2010 taxonomy edit Jorger et al 2010 9 have redefined major groups within the Heterobranchia they created the new clades Euopisthobranchia and Panpulmonata 9 A cladogram showing phylogenic relations of Heterobranchia as proposed by Jorger et al 2010 9 Heterobranchia ValvatoideaOrbitestelloideaCimoideaRissooideaActeonoideaEuthyneura Nudipleura PleurobranchomorphaNudibranchiaEuopisthobranchia UmbraculoideaRuncinaceaAnaspideaPteropodaCephalaspidea s s Panpulmonata SiphonarioideaSacoglossaGlacidorboideaAmphiboloideaPyramidelloideaHygrophilaAcochlidiaceaEupulmonata StylommatophoraSystellommatophoraEllobioideaOtinoideaTrimusculoidea Lower Heterobranchia not monophyletic in study by Jorger et al 2010 9 References edit PBDB Paleobiology Database Retrieved 2 April 2020 Bouchet P amp Rocroi J P Ed Fryda J Hausdorf B Ponder W Valdes A amp Waren A 2005 Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families Malacologia International Journal of Malacology 47 1 2 ConchBooks Hackenheim Germany ISBN 3 925919 72 4 ISSN 0076 2997 397 pp http www vliz be Vmdcdata imis2 ref php refid 78278 Bouchet Philippe Rocroi Jean Pierre Hausdorf Bernhard Kaim Andrzej Kano Yasunori Nutzel Alexander Parkhaev Pavel Schrodl Michael Strong Ellen E 2017 Revised Classification Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families Malacologia 61 1 2 1 526 doi 10 4002 040 061 0201 ISSN 0076 2997 Pabst Emily A Kocot Kevin M 2018 08 01 Phylogenomics confirms monophyly of Nudipleura Gastropoda Heterobranchia Journal of Molluscan Studies 84 3 259 265 doi 10 1093 mollus eyy013 ISSN 0260 1230 Moles Juan Giribet Gonzalo 2021 A polyvalent and universal tool for genomic studies in gastropod molluscs Heterobranchia Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 155 106996 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2020 106996 PMID 33148425 S2CID 226258146 Wilson Nerida G Jorger Katharina M Brenzinger Bastian Schrodl Michael 2017 11 01 Phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic worm like Rhodopemorpha slugs as basal Heterobranchia Journal of Molluscan Studies 83 4 399 408 doi 10 1093 mollus eyx031 ISSN 0260 1230 Haszprunar G 1985 The Heterobranchia a new concept of the phylogeny of the higher Gastropoda Zeitschrift fur zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung 23 1 15 37 ISSN 0044 3808 Ponder W F Waren A 1988 Classification of the Caenogastropoda and Heterostropha A list of family group names and higher taxa Malacological Review Supplement 4 288 317 a b c d e Jorger K M Stoger I Kano Y Fukuda H Knebelsberger T Schrodl M 2010 On the origin of Acochlidia and other enigmatic euthyneuran gastropods with implications for the systematics of Heterobranchia BMC Evolutionary Biology 10 323 doi 10 1186 1471 2148 10 323 PMC 3087543 PMID 20973994 Further reading editDinapoli A 2009 Phylogeny and Evolution of the Heterobranchia Mollusca Gastropoda Thesis Frankfurt am Main 176 pp PDF permanent dead link Dinapoli A Klussmann Kolb A 2010 The long way to diversity Phylogeny and evolution of the Heterobranchia Mollusca Gastropoda Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 55 1 60 76 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2009 09 019 PMID 19778622 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Heterobranchia amp oldid 1189673059, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
