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Herzog August Library

December 18, 2023

The Herzog August Library (German: Herzog August Bibliothek — "HAB"), in Wolfenbüttel, Lower Saxony, known also as Bibliotheca Augusta, is a library of international importance for its collection from the Middle Ages and early modern Europe. The library is overseen by the Lower Saxony Ministry for Science and Culture.

Herzog August Library
Detail
52°10′01″N 10°31′59″E / 52.167°N 10.533°E / 52.167; 10.533
LocationWolfenbüttel, Germany
Established1572
Architect(s)Hermann Korb 
Collection
Items collectedbooks, journals, newspapers, magazines, multimedia and manuscripts
Other information
DirectorPeter Burschel
Websitewww.hab.de
Main building of the Herzog August Bibliothek
Entrance to the Library
Duke Augustus in his library (1650) by Conrad Buno

History edit

Before Augustus II: The Bibliotheca Julia edit

The ducal library was founded in the residenz town of Wolfenbüttel by Duke Julius of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1528–1589), who began collecting books around 1550 while studying in France. [1] After buying some chivalric romances and scholarly literature he started acquiring from 1558 theological writings, and in 1567 his first large closed collection: the library of the Nuremberg City Counsel Michael Kaden (d. between 15 December, 1540/9 March 1541), containing mainly legal and humanistic writings.[2] In the period 1570–1572, the libraries of the monasteries of Dorstadt , Wöltingerode , Heiningen and Steterburg were, in the course of the introduction of the Reformation in the duchy, transferred to Wolfenbüttel. [3]

On 5 April 1572, Julius issued the first Liberey (i.e. library) Ordinance, which is considered the official founding document of the Wolfenbüttel library. As early as 1571, the Duke had entrusted the church musician Leonhart Schröter with library administration duties. [4] Schröter is therefore considered the first Wolfenbüttel librarian. The collection of the Bibliotheca Julia received new growth in 1578 through the purchase of a larger collection of manuscripts from the estate of the theologian Johannes Aurifaber, who died three years earlier, and from the inheritance of Sophia Jagiellonia and of the illegitimate son of Erich II of Brunswick-Calenberg-Göttingen. [5]

After Julius' death in 1589, his son Heinrich Julius inherited the library along with the crown. He expanded it to include the estate of the theologian Matthias Flacius and the collections of the Georgenberg monasteries near Goslar , Brunshausen and Hamersleben.

However, in 1618, just a few years after his accession, the succeeding Duke Friedrich Ulrich handed over the entire collection, which now comprised around 5,000 manuscripts and prints, to the Helmstedt University Library . [6] In 1810, after the university closed, large parts of the holdings were returned to Wolfenbüttel.[7]

The Bibliotheca Augusta edit

In the 17th century it was the largest library north of the Alps. The library was named after Duke Augustus (1579–1666), who greatly enlarged the collection, which was kept at Wolfenbüttel. Armies passed by, back and forth, over the centuries, but the collection was well protected. It was so highly regarded that generals placed the library under special protection, and the library is one of the oldest in the world to have never suffered loss to its collection.[8]

In 2006 the library housed around 11,500 manuscripts and 900,000 books, of which 350,000 were printed between the 15th to 18th centuries.[9] Of these, 3,500 are incunabula, 75,000 are from the sixteenth century, 150,000 are from the seventeenth century, and 120,000 are from the eighteenth century.[8]

Notable librarians have included:

The library is famed for its research and for the hundreds of international scholars who collaborate with the library staff on various projects. Its research programs are described as exploring the "history of international relations, or the history of culture, ideas, and politics ... social history, the history of religion, business, science and law, constitutional history, the history of society, [and] women and gender from the Middle Ages to Early Modern Times".[8]

Significant Manuscripts edit

 
Augusteerhalle
 
Reading room in 2022

References edit

  1. ^ Christa Graefe: Staatsklugheit und Frömmigkeit. Herzog Julius zu Braunschweig-Lüneburg, ein norddeutscher Landesherr des 16. Jahrhunderts. Weinheim 1989, ISBN 3-527-17822-8, S. 59.
  2. ^ Christa Graefe: Staatsklugheit und Frömmigkeit. Herzog Julius zu Braunschweig-Lüneburg, ein norddeutscher Landesherr des 16. Jahrhunderts. Weinheim 1989, ISBN 3-527-17822-8, S. 81.
  3. ^ Christa Graefe: Staatsklugheit und Frömmigkeit. Herzog Julius zu Braunschweig-Lüneburg, ein norddeutscher Landesherr des 16. Jahrhunderts. Weinheim 1989, ISBN 3-527-17822-8, S. 90f.
  4. ^ Christa Graefe: Staatsklugheit und Frömmigkeit. Herzog Julius zu Braunschweig-Lüneburg, ein norddeutscher Landesherr des 16. Jahrhunderts. Weinheim 1989, ISBN 3-527-17822-8, S. 115.
  5. ^ Christa Graefe: Staatsklugheit und Frömmigkeit. Herzog Julius zu Braunschweig-Lüneburg, ein norddeutscher Landesherr des 16. Jahrhunderts. Weinheim 1989, ISBN 3-527-17822-8, S. 100–137.
  6. ^ Werner Arnold: Die Wanderung der Bücher. In: Jens Bruning; Ulrike Gleixner (Hrsg.): Das Athen der Welfen. Die Reformuniversität Helmstedt 1576–1810. Wolfenbüttel 2010, ISBN 978-3-447-06210-7, S. 249.
  7. ^ Christa Graefe: Staatsklugheit und Frömmigkeit. Herzog Julius zu Braunschweig-Lüneburg, ein norddeutscher Landesherr des 16. Jahrhunderts. Weinheim 1989, ISBN 3-527-17822-8, S. 90f.
  8. ^ a b c Murray, Stuart A. P. (2012). The Library: An Illustrated History. New York, NY: Skyhorse Publishing. pp. 284–285.
  9. ^ A view on the project and Themenportale: HAB – Digitalisierungsprojekte 12 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine.

Further reading edit

  • Herzog-August-Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel, ed. Andrea Kastens (Braunschweig: Westermann, 1978), ISSN 0341-8634
  • Die Herzog-August-Bibliothek und Wolfenbüttel, ed. Leo G. Linder (Braunschweig, 1997), ISBN 3-07-509702-0
  • A treasure house of books: the library of Duke August of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (an exhibition at the Grolier Club, 8 December 1998 through 6 February 1999), ed. Helwig Schmidt-Glintzer (Wiesbaden, 1998), ISBN 3-447-04119-6
  • The German book in Wolfenbüttel and abroad. Studies presented to Ulrich Kopp in his retirement, ed. William A. Kelly & Jürgen Beyer (Tartu: University of Tartu Press, 2014), ISBN 978-9949-32-494-1
  • "Rede: 450 Jahre Herzog August Bibliothek". Der Bundespräsident (in German). 22 April 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2022.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Herzog August Bibliothek.
  • Official website
  • (in German)
  • (in German)
  • Die Porträtsammlung der Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel (in German)

December 18, 2023
herzog, august, library, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, ap. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Herzog August Library news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2010 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Herzog August Library German Herzog August Bibliothek HAB in Wolfenbuttel Lower Saxony known also as Bibliotheca Augusta is a library of international importance for its collection from the Middle Ages and early modern Europe The library is overseen by the Lower Saxony Ministry for Science and Culture Herzog August LibraryDetail52 10 01 N 10 31 59 E 52 167 N 10 533 E 52 167 10 533LocationWolfenbuttel GermanyEstablished1572Architect s Hermann Korb CollectionItems collectedbooks journals newspapers magazines multimedia and manuscriptsOther informationDirectorPeter BurschelWebsitewww wbr hab wbr deMain building of the Herzog August BibliothekEntrance to the LibraryDuke Augustus in his library 1650 by Conrad Buno Contents 1 History 1 1 Before Augustus II The Bibliotheca Julia 1 2 The Bibliotheca Augusta 2 Significant Manuscripts 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksHistory editBefore Augustus II The Bibliotheca Julia edit The ducal library was founded in the residenz town of Wolfenbuttel by Duke Julius of Brunswick Luneburg 1528 1589 who began collecting books around 1550 while studying in France 1 After buying some chivalric romances and scholarly literature he started acquiring from 1558 theological writings and in 1567 his first large closed collection the library of the Nuremberg City Counsel Michael Kaden d between 15 December 1540 9 March 1541 containing mainly legal and humanistic writings 2 In the period 1570 1572 the libraries of the monasteries of Dorstadt Woltingerode Heiningen and Steterburg were in the course of the introduction of the Reformation in the duchy transferred to Wolfenbuttel 3 On 5 April 1572 Julius issued the first Liberey i e library Ordinance which is considered the official founding document of the Wolfenbuttel library As early as 1571 the Duke had entrusted the church musician Leonhart Schroter with library administration duties 4 Schroter is therefore considered the first Wolfenbuttel librarian The collection of the Bibliotheca Julia received new growth in 1578 through the purchase of a larger collection of manuscripts from the estate of the theologian Johannes Aurifaber who died three years earlier and from the inheritance of Sophia Jagiellonia and of the illegitimate son of Erich II of Brunswick Calenberg Gottingen 5 After Julius death in 1589 his son Heinrich Julius inherited the library along with the crown He expanded it to include the estate of the theologian Matthias Flacius and the collections of the Georgenberg monasteries near Goslar Brunshausen and Hamersleben However in 1618 just a few years after his accession the succeeding Duke Friedrich Ulrich handed over the entire collection which now comprised around 5 000 manuscripts and prints to the Helmstedt University Library 6 In 1810 after the university closed large parts of the holdings were returned to Wolfenbuttel 7 The Bibliotheca Augusta edit In the 17th century it was the largest library north of the Alps The library was named after Duke Augustus 1579 1666 who greatly enlarged the collection which was kept at Wolfenbuttel Armies passed by back and forth over the centuries but the collection was well protected It was so highly regarded that generals placed the library under special protection and the library is one of the oldest in the world to have never suffered loss to its collection 8 In 2006 the library housed around 11 500 manuscripts and 900 000 books of which 350 000 were printed between the 15th to 18th centuries 9 Of these 3 500 are incunabula 75 000 are from the sixteenth century 150 000 are from the seventeenth century and 120 000 are from the eighteenth century 8 Notable librarians have included 1604 1666 Augustus the Younger Duke of Brunswick Luneburg 1691 1716 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz 1770 1781 Gotthold Ephraim Lessing 1968 1992 Paul RaabeThe library is famed for its research and for the hundreds of international scholars who collaborate with the library staff on various projects Its research programs are described as exploring the history of international relations or the history of culture ideas and politics social history the history of religion business science and law constitutional history the history of society and women and gender from the Middle Ages to Early Modern Times 8 Significant Manuscripts edit nbsp Augusteerhalle nbsp Reading room in 2022The famous palimpsest Codex Guelferbytanus 64 Weissenburgensis which contains in the lower text Codex Guelferbytanus A Codex Guelferbytanus B and Codex Carolinus Gospels of Henry the Lion Liber Floridus ca 1150 Minuscule 97 Minuscule 126 Minuscule 429 Nine volumes from the library of Matthias Corvinus Schonrainer Liederhandschrift Visio Godeschalci Corpus Agrimensorum Romanorum Magnus liber organi manuscripts W1 and W2 Luther s Wolfenbuttel Psalter the only extant copy of Luther s glosses of his lectures on the Psalms beginning 1513 References edit Christa Graefe Staatsklugheit und Frommigkeit Herzog Julius zu Braunschweig Luneburg ein norddeutscher Landesherr des 16 Jahrhunderts Weinheim 1989 ISBN 3 527 17822 8 S 59 Christa Graefe Staatsklugheit und Frommigkeit Herzog Julius zu Braunschweig Luneburg ein norddeutscher Landesherr des 16 Jahrhunderts Weinheim 1989 ISBN 3 527 17822 8 S 81 Christa Graefe Staatsklugheit und Frommigkeit Herzog Julius zu Braunschweig Luneburg ein norddeutscher Landesherr des 16 Jahrhunderts Weinheim 1989 ISBN 3 527 17822 8 S 90f Christa Graefe Staatsklugheit und Frommigkeit Herzog Julius zu Braunschweig Luneburg ein norddeutscher Landesherr des 16 Jahrhunderts Weinheim 1989 ISBN 3 527 17822 8 S 115 Christa Graefe Staatsklugheit und Frommigkeit Herzog Julius zu Braunschweig Luneburg ein norddeutscher Landesherr des 16 Jahrhunderts Weinheim 1989 ISBN 3 527 17822 8 S 100 137 Werner Arnold Die Wanderung der Bucher In Jens Bruning Ulrike Gleixner Hrsg Das Athen der Welfen Die Reformuniversitat Helmstedt 1576 1810 Wolfenbuttel 2010 ISBN 978 3 447 06210 7 S 249 Christa Graefe Staatsklugheit und Frommigkeit Herzog Julius zu Braunschweig Luneburg ein norddeutscher Landesherr des 16 Jahrhunderts Weinheim 1989 ISBN 3 527 17822 8 S 90f a b c Murray Stuart A P 2012 The Library An Illustrated History New York NY Skyhorse Publishing pp 284 285 A view on the project and Themenportale HAB Digitalisierungsprojekte Archived 12 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine Further reading editHerzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbuttel ed Andrea Kastens Braunschweig Westermann 1978 ISSN 0341 8634 Die Herzog August Bibliothek und Wolfenbuttel ed Leo G Linder Braunschweig 1997 ISBN 3 07 509702 0 A treasure house of books the library of Duke August of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel an exhibition at the Grolier Club 8 December 1998 through 6 February 1999 ed Helwig Schmidt Glintzer Wiesbaden 1998 ISBN 3 447 04119 6 The German book in Wolfenbuttel and abroad Studies presented to Ulrich Kopp in his retirement ed William A Kelly amp Jurgen Beyer Tartu University of Tartu Press 2014 ISBN 978 9949 32 494 1 Rede 450 Jahre Herzog August Bibliothek Der Bundesprasident in German 22 April 2022 Retrieved 1 December 2022 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Herzog August Bibliothek Official website Arbeitsgemeinschaft Sammlung Deutscher Drucke in German Bucherrad im Museum Das Alte Zollhaus in Hitzacker in German Die Portratsammlung der Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbuttel in German Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Herzog August Library amp oldid 1156703879, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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