Heraclius Constantine (Latin: Heraclius novus Constantinus; Greek: Ἡράκλειος νέος Κωνσταντῖνος, translit.Hērákleios néos Kōnstantĩnos; 3 May 612 – 25 May 641), often enumerated as Constantine III,[b] was one of the shortest reigning Byzantine emperors, ruling for three months in 641. He was the eldest son of Emperor Heraclius and his first wife Eudokia.
Constantine was crowned co-emperor by his father on 22 January 613 and shortly after was betrothed to his cousin, Gregoria, a daughter of his father's first cousin, Nicetas.[10] As the couple were second cousins, the marriage was technically incestuous, but this consideration must have been outweighed by the advantages of the match to the family as a whole. Furthermore, its illegality paled into insignificance beside Heraclius' marriage to his niece Martina the same year. In comparison, Constantine's marriage was far less scandalous than that of his father.[11] Constantine assumed an honorary consulship on 1 January 632, and at the same ceremony his brother Heraclonas was raised to the rank of caesar.[12][c]
Constantine became senior emperor when his father died on 11 February 641. He reigned together with his younger half-brother Heraclonas, the son of Martina. His supporters feared action against him on the part of Martina and Heraclonas, and the treasurer Philagrius advised him to write to the army, informing them that he was dying and asking for their assistance in protecting the rights of his children. He also sent a vast sum of money, more than two million solidi (gold coins), to Valentinus, an adjutant of Philagrius, to distribute to the soldiers to persuade them to secure the succession for his sons after his death. He died of tuberculosis after only three months, on 25 May, leaving Heraclonas sole emperor.[13] A rumor that Martina had him poisoned led first to the imposition of Constans II as co-emperor and then to the deposition, mutilation, and banishment of Martina and her sons.[10]
Familyedit
In 629 or 630, Constantine married Gregoria, the daughter of Niketas.[10] They had two sons, and perhaps a daughter:
^Or, according to the Necrologium, 20 April, which would make a total reign of 99 days (counting from 11 January) as opposed to the "103 days" (from 11 February) indicated by Nikephoros.[2] The latter date, 11 February, is traditionally the most accepted.[3]
^The Byzantines themselves did not use regnal numbers, which are instead applied to the emperors by modern historians. There is particular confusion surrounding the name 'Constantine III' as it is also applied to the earlier Constantine III (r. 407–411) of the Western Roman Empire. The name has also, at least once, been used as an alternative name for Heraclius Constantine's son Constans II.[6] The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium uses 'Herakleios Constantine' instead of 'Constantine III' and uses 'Constantine III' solely for the Western emperor,[7] while the Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire uses the numeral solely for the Byzantine emperor.[4] He is even more rarely called Heraclius II.[8][9][1]
^Theophanes dates the event to 613, but he also states that it occurred in the 5th indiction, that is, 617. Official documents indicate that it occurred in the next indictional cycle, that is, 632.[12]
^Crawford, Peter (13 October 2021). Justinian II: The Roman Emperor Who Lost His Nose and His Throne and Regained Both. Pen and Sword. p. 33. ISBN9781526755339.
Literatureedit
Bussell, Frederick William (1910). The Roman Empire: Essays on the constitutional history from the accession of Domitian (81 A.D.) to the retirement of Nicephorus III (1081 A.D.). New York: Longmans, Green, and Co.
Bury, J.B. (1889). "Genealogical Table of the House of Heraclius". A History of the Later Roman Empire: From Arcadius to Irene. Macmillan Publishers.
El-Cheikh, Nadia Maria (1999). "Muḥammad and Heraclius: A Study in Legitimacy". Studia Islamica. 62 (89). Maisonneuve & Larose: 5–21. doi:10.2307/1596083. ISSN 0585-5292. JSTOR 1596083.
Ostrogorsky, George (1956). History of the Byzantine State. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Rösch, Gerhard (1978). Onoma Basileias: Studien zum offiziellen Gebrauch der Kaisertitel in spätantiker und frühbyzantinischer Zeit. Byzantina et Neograeca Vindobonensia (in German). Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. ISBN978-3-7001-0260-1.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Konstantinos III.
heraclius, constantine, latin, heraclius, novus, constantinus, greek, Ἡράκλειος, νέος, Κωνσταντῖνος, translit, hērákleios, néos, kōnstantĩnos, often, enumerated, constantine, shortest, reigning, byzantine, emperors, ruling, three, months, eldest, emperor, hera. Heraclius Constantine Latin Heraclius novus Constantinus Greek Ἡrakleios neos Kwnstantῖnos translit Herakleios neos Kōnstantĩnos 3 May 612 25 May 641 often enumerated as Constantine III b was one of the shortest reigning Byzantine emperors ruling for three months in 641 He was the eldest son of Emperor Heraclius and his first wife Eudokia Heraclius ConstantineEmperor of the RomansSolidus of Heraclius Constantine right with his father Heraclius left Byzantine emperorReign11 February 25 May 641PredecessorHeracliusSuccessorHeraclonasCo emperorHeraclonasBorn3 May 612 1 Died25 May 641 a aged 29 Chalcedon Bithynia now Kadikoy Istanbul SpouseGregoriaIssueConstans IITheodosiusManyanhNamesHeraclius Constantinus 4 Regnal nameLatin Imperator Caesar Flavius Heraclius novus Constantinus AugustusGreek Aὐtokratwr kaῖsar Flabios Ἡrakleios neos Kwnstantῖnos aὐgoystos 5 DynastyHeraclianFatherHeracliusMotherEudokiaReligionChalcedonian Christianity Contents 1 Reign 2 Family 3 Notes 4 See also 5 References 6 LiteratureReign editConstantine was crowned co emperor by his father on 22 January 613 and shortly after was betrothed to his cousin Gregoria a daughter of his father s first cousin Nicetas 10 As the couple were second cousins the marriage was technically incestuous but this consideration must have been outweighed by the advantages of the match to the family as a whole Furthermore its illegality paled into insignificance beside Heraclius marriage to his niece Martina the same year In comparison Constantine s marriage was far less scandalous than that of his father 11 Constantine assumed an honorary consulship on 1 January 632 and at the same ceremony his brother Heraclonas was raised to the rank of caesar 12 c Constantine became senior emperor when his father died on 11 February 641 He reigned together with his younger half brother Heraclonas the son of Martina His supporters feared action against him on the part of Martina and Heraclonas and the treasurer Philagrius advised him to write to the army informing them that he was dying and asking for their assistance in protecting the rights of his children He also sent a vast sum of money more than two million solidi gold coins to Valentinus an adjutant of Philagrius to distribute to the soldiers to persuade them to secure the succession for his sons after his death He died of tuberculosis after only three months on 25 May leaving Heraclonas sole emperor 13 A rumor that Martina had him poisoned led first to the imposition of Constans II as co emperor and then to the deposition mutilation and banishment of Martina and her sons 10 Family editIn 629 or 630 Constantine married Gregoria the daughter of Niketas 10 They had two sons and perhaps a daughter Constans II who succeeded as emperor Theodosius 14 Manyanh who reportedly married Yazdegerd III 15 16 Notes edit Or according to the Necrologium 20 April which would make a total reign of 99 days counting from 11 January as opposed to the 103 days from 11 February indicated by Nikephoros 2 The latter date 11 February is traditionally the most accepted 3 The Byzantines themselves did not use regnal numbers which are instead applied to the emperors by modern historians There is particular confusion surrounding the name Constantine III as it is also applied to the earlier Constantine III r 407 411 of the Western Roman Empire The name has also at least once been used as an alternative name for Heraclius Constantine s son Constans II 6 The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium uses Herakleios Constantine instead of Constantine III and uses Constantine III solely for the Western emperor 7 while the Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire uses the numeral solely for the Byzantine emperor 4 He is even more rarely called Heraclius II 8 9 1 Theophanes dates the event to 613 but he also states that it occurred in the 5th indiction that is 617 Official documents indicate that it occurred in the next indictional cycle that is 632 12 See also edit nbsp Byzantine Empire portal List of Byzantine emperorsReferences edit a b Chronicon Paschale Olympiad 348 Grierson 1962 p 48 Franzius 2021 a b PLRE pp 349 350 Rosch 1978 pp 170 Foss 2005 pp 93 94 ODB pp 500 917 Bussell 1910 pp xii 268 Smith 1849 p 1405 a b c ODB p 917 Ostrogorsky 1956 pp 100 101 a b Theophanes AM 6108 n 2 Ostrogorsky 1956 pp 112 113 Bury 1889 p vi Manyanh Princess of Byzantium Crawford Peter 13 October 2021 Justinian II The Roman Emperor Who Lost His Nose and His Throne and Regained Both Pen and Sword p 33 ISBN 9781526755339 Literature editBussell Frederick William 1910 The Roman Empire Essays on the constitutional history from the accession of Domitian 81 A D to the retirement of Nicephorus III 1081 A D New York Longmans Green and Co Bury J B 1889 Genealogical Table of the House of Heraclius A History of the Later Roman Empire From Arcadius to Irene Macmillan Publishers Jones A H M J R Martindale amp J Morris 1971 Constantinus 38 Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire Vol III Cambridge University Press ISBN 0521072336 Cameron Alan 1988 Flavius a Nicety of Protocol Latomus 47 1 26 33 JSTOR 41540754 Franzius Enno 2021 Heraclius Encyclopedia Britannica Fournet Jean Lu 2022 The Rise of Coptic Egyptian Versus Greek in Late Antiquity Princeton University Press ISBN 978 0691230238 Grierson Philip 1962 The Tombs and Obits of the Byzantine Emperors 337 1042 Dumbarton Oaks Papers 16 doi 10 2307 1291157 ISSN 0070 7546 JSTOR 1291157 Foss Clive 2005 Emperors named Constantine Revue numismatique in French 6 161 93 102 doi 10 3406 numi 2005 2594 Hachler Nikolas 2022 Berger Albrecht ed Heraclius Constantine III Emperor of Byzantium 613 641 Byzantinische Zeitschrift 115 1 De Gruyter 69 116 doi 10 1515 bz 2022 0004 ISSN 1868 9027 Kazhdan Alexander ed 1991 Herakleios Constantine Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium Oxford Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0195046526 El Cheikh Nadia Maria 1999 Muḥammad and Heraclius A Study in Legitimacy Studia Islamica 62 89 Maisonneuve amp Larose 5 21 doi 10 2307 1596083 ISSN 0585 5292 JSTOR 1596083 Ostrogorsky George 1956 History of the Byzantine State Oxford Basil Blackwell Smith William ed 1849 List of Kings Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology Vol 3 Rosch Gerhard 1978 Onoma Basileias Studien zum offiziellen Gebrauch der Kaisertitel in spatantiker und fruhbyzantinischer Zeit Byzantina et Neograeca Vindobonensia in German Verlag der osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften ISBN 978 3 7001 0260 1 nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Konstantinos III Heraclius ConstantineHeraclian dynastyBorn 3 May 612 Died 25 May 641 Regnal titles Preceded byHeraclius Byzantine emperor613 641with Heraclius 613 641 and Heraclonas 641 Succeeded byHeraclonas Political offices Preceded byHeraclius in 611 then lapsed Roman consul632 Succeeded byLapsed Heraclonas in 639 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Heraclius Constantine amp oldid 1195799538, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
